American National Standard for Basic Requirements for Compressed Natural Gas Vehicle (NGV) Fuel Containers PDF Download

Author: American National Standards Institute
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Gases, Compressed
Languages : en
Pages : 0

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Author: American Gas Association. Laboratories
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Automobiles
Languages : en
Pages : 33

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Author: American National Standards Institute
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Compressed natural gas
Languages : en
Pages : 40

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This document represents a standard for safe operation, substantial and durable construction and performance testing of containers for the on-board storage of compressed natural gas for vehicle operation, within limitations and in the scope of this standard.

Author: American National Standards Institute
Publisher:
ISBN: 9781554369324
Category : Natural gas vehicles
Languages : en
Pages : 61

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Author:
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Category : Diesel motor
Languages : en
Pages : 16

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Author: Charles Lu
Publisher: SAE International
ISBN: 0768081386
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 116

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Design of Automotive Composites reports that successful designs of automotive composites occurred recently in this arena. The chapters consist of eleven technical papers selected from the Automotive Composites and other relevant sessions that the editors have been organizing for the SAE International World Congress over the past five years. The book is divided into four sections: o Body Structures o Powertrain Components o Suspension Components o Electrical and Alternative Vehicle Components The composite design examples presented in Design of Automotive Composites come from the major OEMs and top-tier suppliers and are most relevant to the automotive materials challenges currently faced by the industry. Many of the innovative ideas have already been implemented on existing or new model vehicles, although a great deal of innovation is still in the works. With the advantage of supporting lightweighting and faster time to market, there is little doubt that composite materials can provide many tangible benefits and will become, over time, the material of choice for automakers.

Author: American National Standards Institute
Publisher:
ISBN: 9781554369256
Category : Automobiles
Languages : en
Pages : 53

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Author: American National Standards Institute
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Manufactures
Languages : en
Pages : 346

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Author:
Publisher:
ISBN: 9781455913213
Category : Compressed natural gas
Languages : en
Pages : 71

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Author: Fuels and Lubricants TC 7 Fuels Committee
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0

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Compressed Natural Gas (CNG) is a practical automotive fuel, with advantages and disadvantages when compared to gasoline. Large quantities of natural gas are available in North America. It has a higher octane number rating, produces low exhaust emissions, no evaporative emissions and can cost less on an equivalent energy basis than other fuels. Natural gas is normally compressed from 20 684 to 24 821 kPa (3000 to 3600 psig) to increase its energy density thereby reducing its on-board vehicle storage volume for a given range and payload. CNG can also be made from liquefied natural gas by elevating its pressure and vaporizing it to a gas. Once converted it is referred to LCNG.The properties of natural gas are influenced by: (1) source of supply i.e. field, composition or impurities; (2) the processing of natural gas by the production and transmission companies; (3) the regional gas supply, storage, and demand balancing done by distribution companies often in concert with pipeline companies to maintain uninterrupted service throughout the year, e.g., peak shaving with propane-air (see U.S. Bureau of Mines Publication 503); and (4) dispensing site maintenance characteristics i.e. filtration and drying.The Coordinating Research Council (CRC) has published the results of a national compressed natural gas vehicle fuel survey. Information on the properties of distribution system natural gas and its variability has been included in Figure 1, 2, and 3, and can be found in CRC Report No. PC-2-12. Composition can vary hourly under certain operating conditions in certain areas of the country. Thus the data should generally be considered representative for the areas mentioned with due consideration for local variation.Natural gases transported throughout the U. S. are not subject to uniform national standards. Under federal government rules covering interstate sales of natural gas, the U. S. Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC) adjudicates tariffs, placing economic and technical requirements upon natural gases entering interstate commerce. In 2006, FERC issued a policy statement advising stakeholders that: 1Only natural gas quality and interchangeability specifications contained in FERC-approved gas tariffs can be enforced; 2Pipeline tariff provisions on gas quality and interchangeability need to be flexible to allow pipelines to balance safety and reliability concerns; 3Pipelines and their customers should develop gas quality and interchangeability specifications based on technical requirements; 4In negotiating technically-based solutions, pipelines and their customers are strongly encouraged to use the Natural Gas Council Plus (NGC+) Interim Guidelinesas a common reference point for resolving gas quality and interchangeability issues; and 5To the extent pipelines and their customers cannot resolve disputes over gas quality and interchangeability, those disputes can be brought before FERC to be resolved on a case-by-case basis1The NGC+ Interim Guidelines call for natural gas specifications that include: 1A range of plus or minus 4% Wobbe number variation from local historical average gas, or alternatively, established adjustment or target gas for the service territory, subject to: aMaximum Wobbe number limit: 1400 bMaximum higher heating value limit: 1110 Btu/scf 2Additional composition maximum limits: aMaximum butanes+: 1.5 mole percent bMaximum total inerts: 4 mole percent 3EXCEPTION: Service territories with demonstrated experience with supplies exceeding these Wobbe, higher heating value and/or compositional limits may continue to use supplies conforming to this experience as long as it does not unduly contribute to safety and utilization problems of end use equipment.2While the Interim Guidelines provide only guidance for the setting of tariff limits on gas quality, experience has shown that in most cases the Wobbe and higher heating value limits are used in interstate tariffs. Since the bulk of U. S. sales of natural gas fall under FERC jurisdiction, this means that the Interim Guideline limits represent, in most cases, the limits that apply to natural gases received by distribution systems. Intrastate natural gas sales, by contrast, are not within FERC jurisdiction, but customers including utilities receiving gases from both intrastate and interstate sources, for practical purposes, generally receive natural gas that meets the Interim Guidelines.The NGC+ Interim Guidelines address combustion issues associated with natural gases. Separately, FERC considered condensable hydrocarbons in response to a second paper from NGC+.3 No specific actions were recommended by FERC in response to the NGC+ recommendations from this report, which basically recommended translation of historical condensable hydrocarbon experience into more general phase diagram-depicted "cricondentherm hydrocarbon dew point" (CHDP) criteria for higher hydrocarbon mixtures. CHDP criteria help ensure that natural gases of various compositions remain in gaseous state at all operating pressures and all reasonable ambient temperatures.Natural gas is comprised chiefly of methane (generally 88 to 96 mole percent) with the balance being a decreasing proportion of proportion of higher hydrocarbon alkanes such as ethane, propane, and butane. It can also contain nitrogen, water, carbon dioxide, oxygen, sulfur compounds and trace amounts of lubricating oil. At the retail outlet a warning agent, or odorant, is likely present in natural gas.Experience with natural gas vehicles has grown considerably. Fleet and ongoing in-use applications provide a foundation for characterizing gas composition factors that will help to understand gas quality effects on vehicle and overall performance and may cause fundamental operational problems for natural gas vehicles (NGVs). Water content and other corrosion precursors, heavier hydrocarbons, which may condense within the fuel container, particulate matter, oil, and energy content all need to be considered. Condensable hydrocarbons (liquid state) are also of concern in NGV equipment degradation. This standard sets minimum requirements for compressed natural gas as a surface vehicle fuel for vehicle, engine, and component durability, operating safety, and design performance over the breadth of vehicle applications intended to utilize this fuel.