Alter Orient und Altes Testament PDF Download

Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Middle East
Languages : en
Pages : 324

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Author: Issam K. H. Halayqa
Publisher: Ugarit Verlag
ISBN:
Category : Foreign Language Study
Languages : en
Pages : 616

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Book Description
I.K.H. Halayqa investigates lexical correspondences of Ugaritic and Canaanite: "Ugaritic was a spoken and written language in an area adjacent to various Canaanite dialects, such as the language of the El-Amarna letters from the city states in Syria, Lebanon and Palestine and Phoenician in Lebanon. Ugaritic was still a spoken language in the El-Amarna period, to which Old Canaanite belongs. Therefore the generic relationship between Ugaritic and Canaanite cannot be dispensed. It therefore seems appropriate to compare etymologically all the Ugaritic lexemes to those of the Northwest Semitic languages, in particular with the Canaanite branch." "The position of the Ugaritic language among the Northwest Semitic languages remains a question of lively debate. Ugaritic has been grouped with Amorite, Canaanite, Arabic and Old South Arabic. It has even been considered early Hebrew or early Phoenician or has been seen as a separate Northwest Semitic language distinct from Canaanite and Aramaic. Nevertheless, neither general acceptance nor satisfactory classification has been firmly established." "The process of searching and investigating all the possible Canaanite correspondences for 2254 Ugaritic lexemes has lead to the emergence of our lexicon, which contains 1643 certain and uncertain lexemes (1302 + 341) In other words, of 2254 lexemes only 1643 have been found with certain and uncertain Canaanite cognates."

Author: Christopher Mountfort Monroe
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Commerce, Prehistoric
Languages : en
Pages : 850

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Author: Manfred Hutter
Publisher: Ugarit-Verlag
ISBN: 3868353151
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 212

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Book Description
"Religions" are always costly - one has to give offerings (with material value) to the gods, one has to provide the salary for religious specialists who offer their service for their clients, one has to arrange festivals and liturgies - and of course, one has to provide the material means for building temples or shrines. But these costs also repay - as the gods give health or well-being as reward for the offerings. Even if one can never be absolutely certain about such a reward, one at least might earn social reputation because of one's (financial) involvement in religion. But temples are also economic centres - "employing" (often in close relation to the palace) people as workers, craftsmen or "intellectuals" in different positions whose "costs of living" are supplied by the temple. Individual religious specialists receive payment for their service to cover their own costs of living. Although this might sound "modern", religion and economy were intertwined with each other in ancient society also. For this reason, the papers of this conference volume analyse and discuss how the cults, rituals and institutions in Anatolia in the 2nd and 1st millennium contribute to the economic process in those areas.

Author: Harry A. Hoffner
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Bible
Languages : en
Pages : 286

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Author: Guy Deutscher
Publisher: OUP Oxford
ISBN: 0191544833
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
Languages : en
Pages : 222

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Akkadian is one of the earliest attested languages and the oldest recorded Semitic language. It exists in written record between 2500BC and 500BC, much of it in letters and reports concerned with domestic and business matters, and written in colloquial language. It provides a unique and valuable source for the study of linguistic change but which, perhaps because of the impenetrability of its writing system, has rarely been exploited by linguists. In this book, Guy Deutscher examines the historical development of subordinate structures in Akkadian. A case study comprises the first two parts of the book, presenting an historical grammar of sentential complementation. Part I traces the emergence of new structures and describes how the finite complements first emerged in Babylonian. It also explains the grammaticalization of the quotative construction. Part II is a functional history which examines the changes in the functional roles of different structures. It shows how, during the history of the language, finite complements and embedded questions became more widespread, whereas other structures (e.g. infinite complements, parataxis, etc.) receded. Part III seeks to explain the historical developments in a theoretical light, showing how the development in Akkadian is mirrored in many other languages. It goes on to suggest that the emergence of finite complementation may be seen as 'adaptive' and related to the development of more complex communication patterns. This book will be of interest to both specialists and general linguists alike. For specialists it offers a contribution towards a badly-needed historical grammar of the Akkadian language. For general linguists this book will be of interest not only for the questions which it raises about the nature of complementation, but also for the window which it provides on to this little-known language.

Author: Michael Avioz
Publisher: Ugarit-Verlag
ISBN: 3868352821
Category : Religion
Languages : en
Pages : 384

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Phoenician culture was that of autonomous city-states. Indeed, the Phoenicians seem to have zealously held on to this Bronze Age social structure long after it gave way to nationalism and statehood in the southern Levant. Modern scholars often tend to emphasize the regional and individual nature of each Phoenician city to a point that some even question whether the Phoenicians can be referred to as an ethnic unit. As Aubet (2001: 9) stated, the Phoenicians were "a people without a state, without territory and without political unity." In this study, the author aims at examining this very issue through an analysis of the Phoenicians in the eastern Mediterranean during the Iron Age I-III, ca. 1200-332 BCE, the zenith of the Phoenician civilization. By analyzing various aspects of the material culture which were unique to the Phoenicians throughout the periods in question, the author shall attempt to identify a 'Phoenician koine', i.e. a shared material culture which reflected a common ethnic, religious, cultic, and social identity (Burke 2008: 160), which developed despite the lack of political unity.

Author: Barry L. Eichler
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Akkadian philology
Languages : en
Pages : 520

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Author: Dr Gwendolyn Leick
Publisher: Routledge
ISBN: 1134641036
Category : Social Science
Languages : en
Pages : 241

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Book Description
The Dictionary of Ancient Near Eastern Mythology covers sources from Mesopotamia, Syro-Palestine and Anatolia, from around 2800 to 300 BC. It contains entries on gods and goddesses, giving evidence of their worship in temples, describing their 'character', as documented by the texts, and defining their roles within the body of mythological narratives; synoptic entries on myths, giving the place of origin of main texts and a brief history of their transmission through the ages; and entries explaining the use of specialist terminology, for such things as categories of Sumerian texts or types of mythological figures.

Author: Elisabeth Wagner-Durand
Publisher: Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG
ISBN: 1501506897
Category : History
Languages : en
Pages : 334

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Book Description
The volume sheds light on Ancient Near Eastern kingship by focusing on its constant urge for legitimation. Thus, it highlights specific aspects like royal building activities, warfare and wisdom and frames these into material and textual expressions that take the powerful form of narratives. The contributions made in this volume look for specific topoi of kingship and examine which shapes they took and why. The publication determines which narrative topoi have once been selected to legitimize kingship, which media have been chosen to transmit these narratives, and what kind of narrative strategies have been applied. To consider both, texts and images, in the same margin, the book is based on a dual approach: referring to certain narrative themes both philological and archaeological material will be presented. By joining diverse perspectives of scholars of material culture and texts and their various approaches the publication promises new and special insight into the connection of narration and legitimation in Mesopotamia. It reflects Ancient Near Eastern kingship and its narrative strategies from a interdisciplinary and transmedial point of view and gives new insights into the matter of royal legitimation.