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Author: Joseph Nowarski Publisher: Joseph Nowarski ISBN: Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 22
Book Description
The temperature difference between the year 1993 and 2021 in Jerusalem is 1.44°C, in Israel 1.52°C and global 1.09°C. Application of 30 years linear trendlines in various periods shows a constant increase in the slope of the trendlines from 0.0209°C/y in years 1962-1991 to 0.0357°C/y in years 1992-2021 for the global change of surface temperature. According to the most recent trendline, the temperature increase in the year 2035 compared to the 1951-1980 baseline will be 2.20°C in Jerusalem, 2.28°C in Israel, and global 1.96°C.
Author: Joseph Nowarski Publisher: Joseph Nowarski ISBN: Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 22
Book Description
The temperature difference between the year 1993 and 2021 in Jerusalem is 1.44°C, in Israel 1.52°C and global 1.09°C. Application of 30 years linear trendlines in various periods shows a constant increase in the slope of the trendlines from 0.0209°C/y in years 1962-1991 to 0.0357°C/y in years 1992-2021 for the global change of surface temperature. According to the most recent trendline, the temperature increase in the year 2035 compared to the 1951-1980 baseline will be 2.20°C in Jerusalem, 2.28°C in Israel, and global 1.96°C.
Author: Yair Goldreich Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media ISBN: 1461506972 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 293
Book Description
This book describes and analyses various aspects of Israeli climate. This work also elucidates how both man and nature adjust to various climates. The first part (Chapters 1-9) deals with the meteorological and climatological network stations, the history of climate research in Israel, analysis of the local climate by season, and a discussion of the climate variables their spatial and temporal distribution. The second part (Chapters 10-14) of this work is devoted to a survey of applied climatology. This part presents information on weather forecasting, rainfall enhancement, air quality monitoring, and various climatological aspects of planning. There is no sharp division between theoretical and applied climatology topics. Moreover, though various sections seem exclusively theoretical, they also include important applications for various real life situations (such as rainfall intensities (Section 5. 3), frost, frost damage (Section 6. 2. 4), degree-days (Section 6. 2. 5) and heat stress (Section 6. 2. 6). Professionals and university students of geography and earth science, meteorology and climatology, even high school students majoring in geography will be able to use this book as a basic reference work. Researchers in atmospheric science can also use this work as an important source of reference. Students of agriculture will also gain theoretical and practical insights. Even architects and engineers will gain another perspective in their fields.
Author: Joseph Nowarski Publisher: Joseph Nowarski ISBN: Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 45
Book Description
Design of building's exterior walls has important influence on energy consumption, building cost and thermal comfort. It influences also heating and cooling devices size. Optimization of energy consumption of the building requires consideration of the building materials, their thickness and mass, type and thickness of insulation, and location of the insulation layer. The correct way to optimize all the above parameters is calculation of temperatures and energy consumption in dynamic process, which means considering changes every few seconds. This may be done only with computer program. It is not easy to gain expertise on such programs. In addition, submission of input values to the program is time consuming and frustrating process, which in many times ends with errors. This work analyses if the Thermal Time Constant method may be applied to determine energy quality of the building as an alternative to the dynamic simulation program. The Thermal Time Constant method is much easier, simpler and faster than computer dynamic simulation program. Few examples of exterior wall design were selected to calculate the energy consumption and room temperatures. Two locations were selected for the calculations, one with moderate summer and the second with moderate winter. The dedicated dynamic simulation computer program was applied to gain data regarding the energy consumption, maximum and average room temperatures for south facing room and for north facing room at each location. Thermal Time Constant reflects the thermal inertia and thermal mass of the building. Higher Thermal Time Constant (TTC) moderates the difference between day and night in the room, flattening the room temperatures extremes caused by ambient temperature and solar energy. Higher TTC is not necessary more expensive. To take advantage of high TTC is not so the question of additional investment, but the question of understanding the TTC concept. In some cases consideration of TTC caused changes to the building's design and construction technique, bringing benefits to the contractor, to the tenants and to the national economy. Disregarding TTC leads to wrong decisions, wrong design, waste of money for building's construction and increased energy consumption.
Author: Joseph Nowarski Publisher: Joseph Nowarski ISBN: Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 22
Book Description
The annual minimum air temperature in Jerusalem increases with years. From 1993 to 2019, the minimum temperature increased by 1.47°C from -0.46°C to 1.01°C. Considering the current linear trendline, in year 2100 the minimum yearly temperature in Jerusalem will be 5.60°C, 6.06°C above year 1993 level. Also daily changes of daily average temperature increased significantly. The maximum negative change (getting colder the next day) increased from -7.98°C in year 1993 to -10.72°C in year 2019. According to the linear trendline, in year 2100 the maximum daily change will be -19.26°C. This work analyses 7 parameters of extreme temperature or extreme temperature changes, based on over 1 million air temperature records monitored at one meteorological station in Jerusalem.
Author: Moshe Gophen Publisher: Springer Nature ISBN: 303123412X Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 263
Book Description
The anxious search for agricultural income resources, and assurance of the national water supply in the northern newly created state of Israel initiated the national project of the Hula Drainage. The implementation of this project was accompanied as of today by research and monitoring of the ecological trait aimed at crop harvest improvement in the Hula valley and prevention of water quality deterioration in Lake Kinneret. Forty years later a reclamation project to improve the peat soil property and renovate the hydrological system was carried out. This book documents the scientific research carried out during this mega-ecological project. Several issues of the ecological renovation and its impact on the Hula valley management and water quality in lake Kinneret are presented in this book. The advantage and contribution of a newly created shallow lake Agmon-Hula to nutrient dynamics, and hydrological control, accompanied by avian presence, (among others, Cranes, Storks, Pelicans, Flamingoes) and plants renewal which enhanced, tourism; potential impact of nitrogen and sulfate migration from the Hula valley on the Kinneret water quality; the role of climate change on the ecology of the Hula Valley and the Kinneret nutrient availabilities and phytoplankton community; the subterranean migration of water and nutrients and water loss. Further proposals for future development are under consideration. This book presents a comprehensive practical management implementation of a long-term ecological project. Results of scientific and monitoring research which followed the project implementation benefit the international and national communities.
Author: Yehouda Enzel Publisher: Cambridge University Press ISBN: 1316841847 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 789
Book Description
Quaternary of the Levant presents up-to-date research achievements from a region that displays unique interactions between the climate, the environment and human evolution. Focusing on southeast Turkey, Lebanon, Syria, Jordan and Israel, it brings together over eighty contributions from leading researchers to review 2.5 million years of environmental change and human cultural evolution. Information from prehistoric sites and palaeoanthropological studies contributing to our understanding of 'out of Africa' migrations, Neanderthals, cultures of modern humans, and the origins of agriculture are assessed within the context of glacial-interglacial cycles, marine isotope cycles, plate tectonics, geochronology, geomorphology, palaeoecology and genetics. Complemented by overview summaries that draw together the findings of each chapter, the resulting coverage is wide-ranging and cohesive. The cross-disciplinary nature of the volume makes it an invaluable resource for academics and advanced students of Quaternary science and human prehistory, as well as being an important reference for archaeologists working in the region.
Author: Joseph Nowarski
Author: Joseph Nowarski
Author: 
Author: Yair Goldreich
Author: Joseph Nowarski
Author: Joseph Nowarski
Author: Moshe Gophen
Author: Edward J. Pluhowski
Author: Graham Barry Jones
Author: 
Author: Yehouda Enzel