Aggressive Unilateralism PDF Download

Author: Jagdish N. Bhagwati
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 288

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Book Description
This title was formally part of the Studies in International Trade Policy Series, now called Studies in International Economics.

Author: Jagdish N. Bhagwati
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Competition, Unfair
Languages : en
Pages : 290

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Book Description
This title was formally part of the Studies in International Trade Policy Series, now called Studies in International Economics.

Author: Kathryn E. Spier
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Non-tariff trade barriers
Languages : en
Pages : 22

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Author: Julia Lowell
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Pacific Area
Languages : en
Pages : 40

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Author: Paul Jeffery (M.Phil.)
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : International relations
Languages : en
Pages : 260

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Author: Noële Crossley
Publisher: Peter Lang
ISBN: 9783631577929
Category : International cooperation
Languages : en
Pages : 144

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Book Description
There are various opinions on the relevance of the United Nations concerning the authorisation of the use of force. Idealists demand UN authorisation for any type of intervention and strict adherence to a narrow interpretation of international law. Realists have a more sceptical stance, arguing that international law and international institutions are only successful under specific circumstances. Neoconservatives defy international law and international institutions. These arguments are compared and then applied to several case studies. It is explained why unilateralist thinking is not viable; why the use of force in circumvention of the UN framework is never legal; and that cases where intervention is illegal but legitimate necessitate reform of international laws and institutions.

Author: David Malone
Publisher: Lynne Rienner Publishers
ISBN: 9781588261199
Category : Political Science
Languages : en
Pages : 492

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Book Description
The authors explore international reactions to U.S. conduct in world affairs.

Author: Daniela Benavente
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :

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Book Description
The subject of this paper is Section 301 of the Trade Act of 1974 of the United States, a statute that for the past 35 years has allowed the U.S. to unilaterally handle its trade disputes. More specifically, the paper examines the constraining and supporting effects of the multilateral trading system (GATT and WTO) on the effectiveness of Section 301 in general (127 cases), and of retaliatory threats and sanctions in particular (44 cases). In contrast with previous empirical papers, the emphasis is on the gradual interaction between both instances, with special attention to the escalation of the multilateral dispute and the timing of retaliatory threats and sanctions (if any). The paper shows that contrary to conventional wisdom, Section 301 has been less about "aggressive unilateralism" (Bhagwati and Patrick 1991) than about reinforcing the multilateral trading system and the U.S. agenda in it. Section 301 proceedings and retaliation were often used in contravention of international trade law; but they were also used as tools to enforce multilateral rulings or to advance the multilateral agenda upon non-Members or on new issues. To address the effectiveness question, a qualitative response model is used. Results confirm the hypothesis prevalent in the extant literature that a process of escalation at the GATT/WTO is correlated with a higher success rate of Section 301 investigations in changing the target country's policy. However, the impact is not linear; a settlement is more likely early in the bargaining stages rather than after a ruling is issued by a GATT/WTO panel. The empirical estimation is based on a comprehensive dataset on all Section 301 cases and on the related GATT/WTO dispute(s); and on 45 case studies outlined in the Appendix which, supplemented by the case studies of Bayard & Elliott (1994), are the basis for the coding of the dependent variable.

Author: United Nations
Publisher: United Nations Publications
ISBN:
Category : Law
Languages : en
Pages : 460

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Book Description
This report was prepared for the Working Group on the Crime of Aggression at the 8th session of Preparatory Commission, held in September-October 2001. The paper consists of four parts relating to: the Nuremberg tribunal; tribunals establish pursuant to Control Council Law number 10; the Tokyo tribunal; and the United Nations. Annexes contain tables regarding aggression by a State and individual responsibility for crimes against peace. The paper seeks to provide an objective, analytical overview of the history and major developments relating to aggression, both before and after the adoption of the UN Charter.

Author: Thomas O. Bayard
Publisher: Peterson Institute for International Economics
ISBN:
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 540

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Book Description
Should the United States use retaliatory threats to open foreign markets or deter unfair trading practices? This study reexamines the arguments for and against reciprocity and retaliatory threats in light of actual experience since early 1975, especially the United States' aggressive use of the section 301, special 301, and super 301 provisions of US trade law, which gives the president broad authority to retaliate against "unjustifiable, unreasonable, or discriminatory" foreign trade practices. It analyzes the advantages and disadvantages of these policies and the circumstances under which they are likely to succeed or fail. The study contains an empirical assessment of all section 301 cases concluded between 1975 and 1993. It also provides detailed case studies of various trade conflicts, including the super 301 negotiations involving Japan, Brazil, India, Taiwan, and Korea, financial services disputes with Japan and the European Union, the US-EU conflict over oilseeds, and the US-Japan beef and citrus negotiations. It concludes with an assessment of how the world trading system will change in the aftermath of the Uruguay Round of multilateral negotiations and why it is necessary and desirable for US policy to move from aggressive unilateralism to a strategy of aggressive multilateralism.