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Author: Ting Ji Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 24
Book Description
This paper documents occupational inheritance -- interpreted as children inheriting their parents' occupations -- in China, India, and the US. We argue that the prevalence of occupational inheritance in China and India, usually presented as low intergenerational occupational mobility rates, is largely due to two categories of impediments: (1) labor market frictions, e.g., parents' social networks ("guanxi") giving unfair advantages to their children and household registration ("hukou"), which ties rural families to agriculture in China, and the caste system, which restricts young workers' occupational choices in India, and (2) barriers to acquiring human capital, i.e., it is much easier for the young in the US to accumulate human capital from sources other than senior family members compared with the young in China and India. Based on a new tractable occupational choice model, this paper quantitatively evaluates the aggregate implications of occupational inheritance. Counterfactual experiments suggest that if the impediments mentioned above could be reduced to the US level, labor productivity would grow 57 to 73% in China and over fourfold in India. In addition, China has realized 60 to 74% of this growth potential from the 1980s to 2009.
Author: Ting Ji Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 24
Book Description
This paper documents occupational inheritance -- interpreted as children inheriting their parents' occupations -- in China, India, and the US. We argue that the prevalence of occupational inheritance in China and India, usually presented as low intergenerational occupational mobility rates, is largely due to two categories of impediments: (1) labor market frictions, e.g., parents' social networks ("guanxi") giving unfair advantages to their children and household registration ("hukou"), which ties rural families to agriculture in China, and the caste system, which restricts young workers' occupational choices in India, and (2) barriers to acquiring human capital, i.e., it is much easier for the young in the US to accumulate human capital from sources other than senior family members compared with the young in China and India. Based on a new tractable occupational choice model, this paper quantitatively evaluates the aggregate implications of occupational inheritance. Counterfactual experiments suggest that if the impediments mentioned above could be reduced to the US level, labor productivity would grow 57 to 73% in China and over fourfold in India. In addition, China has realized 60 to 74% of this growth potential from the 1980s to 2009.
Author: Suhanaa Setty Publisher: Notion Press ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 79
Book Description
This is a tale unveiling the unseen forces that shape the Indian economy. Offering a fresh perspective, Invisible Hands of the Indian Economy highlights the true architects of the country’s economic prowess. Challenging conventional economic frameworks, this tale transcends mere statistics and makes the invisible visible.
Author: Ting Ji Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 89
Book Description
In these essays, I examine the role of allocating human capital and labor in an economy. The first chapter documents occupational inheritance-interpreted as children inheriting their parents' occupations-in China, India, and the US. I argue that the prevalence of occupational inheritance in China and India is largely due to two categories of impediments: (1) labor market frictions, e.g., parents' social networks and household registration, which ties rural families to agriculture in China, and the caste system, which restricts young workers' occupational choices in India, and (2) barriers to acquiring human capital, i.e., it is much easier for the young in the US to accumulate human capital from sources other than senior family members compared with the young in China and India. Based on a new tractable occupational choice model using techniques from Eaton and Kortum (2002), this chapter quantitatively evaluates the aggregate implications of occupational inheritance. Counterfactual experiments suggest that if the impediments mentioned above could be reduced to the US level, labor productivity would grow 57 to 73% in China and over fourfold in India. In addition, China has realized 60 to 74% of this growth potential from the 1980s to 2009. The second chapter builds on three empirical facts in the US labor market: from 1980 to 2005, there was (1) about 30% growth in low-skill service jobs, (2) about 9% increase in female labor force participation, and (3) almost constant average home production hours conditional on employment status and gender. I propose a hypothesis that the increase in female labor force participation decreases home production and leads households to purchase substitutable goods from the market. A simple accounting framework produces a benchmark quantitative exercise showing that this theory can explain about 50% of the increase in low-skill service jobs. In the third chapter, I develop a theory of efficient innovation. Individuals are heterogeneous in innovation ability, and the allocation of innovative agents into process innovation and product innovation determines the level of innovation efficiency and output growth rate. I identify several sources of inefficiency of the competitive economy, notably the frictions in the innovator market.
Author: Martin Jacques Publisher: Penguin ISBN: 1101151455 Category : History Languages : en Pages : 631
Book Description
Greatly revised and expanded, with a new afterword, this update to Martin Jacques’s global bestseller is an essential guide to understanding a world increasingly shaped by Chinese power Soon, China will rule the world. But in doing so, it will not become more Western. Since the first publication of When China Rules the World, the landscape of world power has shifted dramatically. In the three years since the first edition was published, When China Rules the World has proved to be a remarkably prescient book, transforming the nature of the debate on China. Now, in this greatly expanded and fully updated edition, boasting nearly 300 pages of new material, and backed up by the latest statistical data, Martin Jacques renews his assault on conventional thinking about China’s ascendancy, showing how its impact will be as much political and cultural as economic, changing the world as we know it. First published in 2009 to widespread critical acclaim - and controversy - When China Rules the World: The End of the Western World and the Birth of a New Global Order has sold a quarter of a million copies, been translated into eleven languages, nominated for two major literary awards, and is the subject of an immensely popular TED talk.
Author: Vegard Iversen Publisher: Oxford University Press ISBN: 0192896857 Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 506
Book Description
Social mobility is the hope of economic development and the mantra of a good society. There are disagreements about what constitutes social mobility, but there is broad agreement that people should have roughly equal chances of success regardless of their economic status at birth. Concerns about rising inequality have engendered a renewed interest in social mobility--especially in the developing world. However, efforts to construct the databases and meet the standards required for conventional analyses of social mobility are at a preliminary stage and need to be complemented by innovative, conceptual, and methodological advances. If forms of mobility have slowed in the West, then we might be entering an age of rigid stratification with defined boundaries between the always-haves and the never-haves-which does not augur well for social stability. Social mobility research is ongoing, with substantive findings in different disciplines--typically with researchers in isolation from each other. A key contribution of this book is the pulling together of the emerging streams of knowledge. Generating policy-relevant knowledge is a principal concern. Three basic questions frame the study of diverse aspects of social mobility in the book. How to assess the extent of social mobility in a given development context when the datasets by conventional measurement techniques are unavailable? How to identify drivers and inhibitors of social mobility in particular developing country contexts? How to acquire the knowledge required to design interventions to raise social mobility, either by increasing upward mobility or by lowering downward mobility?
Author: Barry Naughton Publisher: MIT Press ISBN: 0262640643 Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 545
Book Description
The most comprehensive English-language overview of the modern Chinese economy, covering China's economic development since 1949 and post-1978 reforms--from industrial change and agricultural organization to science and technology.
Author: A. B. Atkinson Publisher: Oxford University Press ISBN: 0199286892 Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 799
Book Description
This volume brings together an exciting range of new studies of top incomes in a wide range of countries from around the world. The studies use data from income tax records to cast light on the dramatic changes that have taken place at the top of the income distribution. The results cover 22 countries and have a long time span, going back to 1875.
Author: World Bank Publisher: World Bank Publications ISBN: 1464816530 Category : Law Languages : en Pages : 381
Book Description
Women, Business and the Law 2021 is the seventh in a series of annual studies measuring the laws and regulations that affect women’s economic opportunity in 190 economies. The project presents eight indicators structured around women’s interactions with the law as they move through their lives and careers: Mobility, Workplace, Pay, Marriage, Parenthood, Entrepreneurship, Assets, and Pension. This year’s report updates all indicators as of October 1, 2020 and builds evidence of the links between legal gender equality and women’s economic inclusion. By examining the economic decisions women make throughout their working lives, as well as the pace of reform over the past 50 years, Women, Business and the Law 2021 makes an important contribution to research and policy discussions about the state of women’s economic empowerment. Prepared during a global pandemic that threatens progress toward gender equality, this edition also includes important findings on government responses to COVID-19 and pilot research related to childcare and women’s access to justice.
Author: Ting Ji
Author: Ting Ji
Author: Suhanaa Setty
Author: Ting Ji
Author: Martin Jacques
Author: Vegard Iversen
Author: Friedrich List
Author: Leo P. Chall
Author: Barry Naughton
Author: A. B. Atkinson
Author: World Bank