Author: ITLOS
Publisher: BRILL
ISBN: 9004532242
Category : Law
Languages : en
Pages : 541
Book Description
The International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea is an autonomous judicial body established by the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea to adjudicate disputes arising out of the interpretation and application of the Convention. The Tribunal is open to States Parties to the Convention. It is also open to entities other than States Parties (States and international organizations non-parties to the Convention and natural or juridical persons) in cases provided for in the Convention or other agreements conferring jurisdiction on the Tribunal. The Yearbook - Annuaire will give lawyers and the general public access to information about the jurisdiction, procedure and organization of the Tribunal and also about its composition and activities in 2014. The Yearbook is prepared by the Registry of the Tribunal. Until 2007, it was published in two separate volumes, English (Yearbook) and French (Annuaire). Since 2008, the Yearbook - Annuaire is published as a bilingual volume. Le Tribunal international du droit de la mer est un organe judiciaire indépendant, créé par la Convention des Nations Unies sur le droit de la mer, pour connaître des différends relatifs à l’interprétation et l’application de la Convention. Le Tribunal est ouvert aux Etats Parties à la Convention. Il est également ouvert à des entités autres que les Etats Parties (Etats et organisations internationales non parties à la Convention et personnes physiques et morales) dans les cas prévus par la Convention ou par d’autres accords conférant compétence au Tribunal. Le Yearbook - Annuaire met à la disposition des juristes et du public dans son ensemble les informations essentielles concernant la compétence, la procédure et l’organisation du Tribunal, ainsi que la composition et les activités de celui-ci au cours de l’année 2014. L’Annuaire est rédigé par le Greffe du Tribunal. Jusqu’à l’année 2007, il était publié sous la forme de deux volumes séparés, en anglais (Yearbook) et en français (Annuaire). Depuis 2008, le Yearbook - Annuaire est publié sous la forme d’un volume bilingue.
Yearbook International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea / Annuaire Tribunal international du droit de la mer, Volume 18 (2014)
Author: ITLOS
Publisher: BRILL
ISBN: 9004532242
Category : Law
Languages : en
Pages : 541
Book Description
The International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea is an autonomous judicial body established by the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea to adjudicate disputes arising out of the interpretation and application of the Convention. The Tribunal is open to States Parties to the Convention. It is also open to entities other than States Parties (States and international organizations non-parties to the Convention and natural or juridical persons) in cases provided for in the Convention or other agreements conferring jurisdiction on the Tribunal. The Yearbook - Annuaire will give lawyers and the general public access to information about the jurisdiction, procedure and organization of the Tribunal and also about its composition and activities in 2014. The Yearbook is prepared by the Registry of the Tribunal. Until 2007, it was published in two separate volumes, English (Yearbook) and French (Annuaire). Since 2008, the Yearbook - Annuaire is published as a bilingual volume. Le Tribunal international du droit de la mer est un organe judiciaire indépendant, créé par la Convention des Nations Unies sur le droit de la mer, pour connaître des différends relatifs à l’interprétation et l’application de la Convention. Le Tribunal est ouvert aux Etats Parties à la Convention. Il est également ouvert à des entités autres que les Etats Parties (Etats et organisations internationales non parties à la Convention et personnes physiques et morales) dans les cas prévus par la Convention ou par d’autres accords conférant compétence au Tribunal. Le Yearbook - Annuaire met à la disposition des juristes et du public dans son ensemble les informations essentielles concernant la compétence, la procédure et l’organisation du Tribunal, ainsi que la composition et les activités de celui-ci au cours de l’année 2014. L’Annuaire est rédigé par le Greffe du Tribunal. Jusqu’à l’année 2007, il était publié sous la forme de deux volumes séparés, en anglais (Yearbook) et en français (Annuaire). Depuis 2008, le Yearbook - Annuaire est publié sous la forme d’un volume bilingue.
Publisher: BRILL
ISBN: 9004532242
Category : Law
Languages : en
Pages : 541
Book Description
The International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea is an autonomous judicial body established by the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea to adjudicate disputes arising out of the interpretation and application of the Convention. The Tribunal is open to States Parties to the Convention. It is also open to entities other than States Parties (States and international organizations non-parties to the Convention and natural or juridical persons) in cases provided for in the Convention or other agreements conferring jurisdiction on the Tribunal. The Yearbook - Annuaire will give lawyers and the general public access to information about the jurisdiction, procedure and organization of the Tribunal and also about its composition and activities in 2014. The Yearbook is prepared by the Registry of the Tribunal. Until 2007, it was published in two separate volumes, English (Yearbook) and French (Annuaire). Since 2008, the Yearbook - Annuaire is published as a bilingual volume. Le Tribunal international du droit de la mer est un organe judiciaire indépendant, créé par la Convention des Nations Unies sur le droit de la mer, pour connaître des différends relatifs à l’interprétation et l’application de la Convention. Le Tribunal est ouvert aux Etats Parties à la Convention. Il est également ouvert à des entités autres que les Etats Parties (Etats et organisations internationales non parties à la Convention et personnes physiques et morales) dans les cas prévus par la Convention ou par d’autres accords conférant compétence au Tribunal. Le Yearbook - Annuaire met à la disposition des juristes et du public dans son ensemble les informations essentielles concernant la compétence, la procédure et l’organisation du Tribunal, ainsi que la composition et les activités de celui-ci au cours de l’année 2014. L’Annuaire est rédigé par le Greffe du Tribunal. Jusqu’à l’année 2007, il était publié sous la forme de deux volumes séparés, en anglais (Yearbook) et en français (Annuaire). Depuis 2008, le Yearbook - Annuaire est publié sous la forme d’un volume bilingue.
International Criminal Tribunals and Domestic Accountability
Author: Labuda
Publisher: Oxford University Press
ISBN: 0198868847
Category : Law
Languages : en
Pages : 369
Book Description
In the 1990s, the promise of justice for atrocity crimes was associated with the revival of international criminal tribunals (ICTs). More recently, however, there has been a renewed emphasis on domestic accountability for international crimes across the globe. In identifying a 'complementarity turn', a paradigm shift toward domestic accountability in the field of international criminal justice, this book investigates how the shadow of international criminal tribunals influences the treatment of serious crimes at the national level. Drawing on research and interviews in Rwanda, the Democratic Republic of Congo, and Sierra Leone, this book develops a tripartite framework to analyse how states and tribunals work with, despite, or against one another in the fight against impunity. While international prosecutors and judges use the principle of complementarity to foster cooperation and decrease tension with government actors, Patryk I. Labuda argues that too much deference by ICTs toward states reduces the likelihood of accountability and may enable national elites to consolidate authoritarian power. By interrogating how international accountability stakeholders relate to their domestic counterparts, International Criminal Tribunals and Domestic Accountability advocates improvements to ICTs' institutional design and more dynamic interactions with states to strengthen the enforcement of international criminal law.
Publisher: Oxford University Press
ISBN: 0198868847
Category : Law
Languages : en
Pages : 369
Book Description
In the 1990s, the promise of justice for atrocity crimes was associated with the revival of international criminal tribunals (ICTs). More recently, however, there has been a renewed emphasis on domestic accountability for international crimes across the globe. In identifying a 'complementarity turn', a paradigm shift toward domestic accountability in the field of international criminal justice, this book investigates how the shadow of international criminal tribunals influences the treatment of serious crimes at the national level. Drawing on research and interviews in Rwanda, the Democratic Republic of Congo, and Sierra Leone, this book develops a tripartite framework to analyse how states and tribunals work with, despite, or against one another in the fight against impunity. While international prosecutors and judges use the principle of complementarity to foster cooperation and decrease tension with government actors, Patryk I. Labuda argues that too much deference by ICTs toward states reduces the likelihood of accountability and may enable national elites to consolidate authoritarian power. By interrogating how international accountability stakeholders relate to their domestic counterparts, International Criminal Tribunals and Domestic Accountability advocates improvements to ICTs' institutional design and more dynamic interactions with states to strengthen the enforcement of international criminal law.
Hague Yearbook of International Law / Annuaire de La Haye de Droit International, Vol. 30 (2017)
Author: Jure Vidmar
Publisher: BRILL
ISBN: 9004421955
Category : Law
Languages : en
Pages : 222
Book Description
The aim of the Hague Yearbook of International Law is to offer a platform for review of new developments in the field of international law. In addition, it devotes attention to developments in the international law institutions based in the international City of Peace and Justice, The Hague.
Publisher: BRILL
ISBN: 9004421955
Category : Law
Languages : en
Pages : 222
Book Description
The aim of the Hague Yearbook of International Law is to offer a platform for review of new developments in the field of international law. In addition, it devotes attention to developments in the international law institutions based in the international City of Peace and Justice, The Hague.
African Human Rights Yearbook / Annuaire Africain des Droits de l’Homme Volume 1 (2017)
Author:
Publisher: Pretoria University Law Press
ISBN:
Category : Law
Languages : en
Pages : 405
Book Description
African Human Rights Yearbook Volume 1 (2017) The three institutions making up the African regional human rights system, the African Court on Human and Peoples’ Rights, the African Commission on Human and Peoples’ Rights, and the African Committee of Experts on the Rights and Welfare of the Child, decided to jointly publish the African Human Rights Yearbook, to spearhead studies on the promotion and protection of human rights, and to provide a forum for constructive engagement about the African human rights system with academics and other human rights commentators on the continent. Volume 1 of the Yearbook, published in 2017, contains fifteen contributions by scholars from Africa and beyond. Annuaire Africain des Droits de l’Homme Volume 1 (2017) Les trois institutions qui composent le système régional africain des droits de l’homme, la Cour africaine des droits de l’homme et des peuples, la Commission africaine des droits de l’homme et des peuples et le Comité d’experts africains sur les droits et le bien-être de l’enfant ont décidé de publier conjointement l’Annuaire Africain des Droits de l’Homme pour encourager les études sur la promotion et la protection des droits de l’homme et offrir un forum d’interaction constructive sur le système avec les universitaires et observateurs du continent. Le Volume 1 de l’Annuaire, publié en 2017, contient quinze contributions de chercheurs du continent et d’ailleurs. Table of Contents Acknowledgements/Remerciements Preface Préface Editorial Éditorial Vulnerability of women in Africa to extrajudicial killings Anyangwe, A Protecting the African child in a changing climate: are our existing safeguards adequate? Boshoff, E The relevance of substantive equality in the African regional human rights system’s jurisprudence to women’s land and property rights Chekera-Radu, YT Practices and challenges in implementing women’s right to political participation under the African Women’s Rights Protocol in Zimbabwe Zvobgo, EF and Dziva, C Developing norms and standards on maternal mortality in Africa: lessons from UN human rights bodies Afuluke-Eruchalu, O and Durojaye, E Le rôle des acteurs nongouvernementaux dans la mobilisation juridique en faveur du Protocole de Maputo Guignard, L Happy 18th birthday to the African Children’s Charter: not counting its days but making its days count Mezmur, BD Monitoring implementation of the decisions and judgments of the African Commission and Court on Human and Peoples’ Rights Murray, R; Long, D; Ayeni, V; and Somé, A Why should we obey you? Enhancing implementation of rulings by regional courts Nyman-Metcalf, K and Papageorgiou, I Contextualising the corporate human rights responsibility in Africa: a social expectation or legal obligation? Okoloise, C La promotion de la démocratie et d’un ordre constitutionnel de qualité par le système africain des droits fondamentaux: entre acquis et défis Olinga, AD La jurisprudence de la Cour africaine des droits de l’homme et des peuples: entre particularisme et universalité Ondo, T Actualising women’s participation in politics and governance in Africa: the case of Ghana and Kenya Owiso, R and Sefah, B Article 6 of the African Women’s Rights Protocol: towards the protection of the rights of women in polygamous marriages Oyugi, P ‘It is better that ten guilty persons escape than that one innocent suffer’: the African Court on Human and Peoples’ Rights and fair trial rights in Tanzania Possi, A Du ‘droit de la force’ à la force du droit: pour la dépénalisation de l’avortement à Madagascar Rabenoro, M La Cour et la Commission africaines des droits de l’homme et des peuples: noces constructives ou cohabitation ombrageuse? Yerima, SZ
Publisher: Pretoria University Law Press
ISBN:
Category : Law
Languages : en
Pages : 405
Book Description
African Human Rights Yearbook Volume 1 (2017) The three institutions making up the African regional human rights system, the African Court on Human and Peoples’ Rights, the African Commission on Human and Peoples’ Rights, and the African Committee of Experts on the Rights and Welfare of the Child, decided to jointly publish the African Human Rights Yearbook, to spearhead studies on the promotion and protection of human rights, and to provide a forum for constructive engagement about the African human rights system with academics and other human rights commentators on the continent. Volume 1 of the Yearbook, published in 2017, contains fifteen contributions by scholars from Africa and beyond. Annuaire Africain des Droits de l’Homme Volume 1 (2017) Les trois institutions qui composent le système régional africain des droits de l’homme, la Cour africaine des droits de l’homme et des peuples, la Commission africaine des droits de l’homme et des peuples et le Comité d’experts africains sur les droits et le bien-être de l’enfant ont décidé de publier conjointement l’Annuaire Africain des Droits de l’Homme pour encourager les études sur la promotion et la protection des droits de l’homme et offrir un forum d’interaction constructive sur le système avec les universitaires et observateurs du continent. Le Volume 1 de l’Annuaire, publié en 2017, contient quinze contributions de chercheurs du continent et d’ailleurs. Table of Contents Acknowledgements/Remerciements Preface Préface Editorial Éditorial Vulnerability of women in Africa to extrajudicial killings Anyangwe, A Protecting the African child in a changing climate: are our existing safeguards adequate? Boshoff, E The relevance of substantive equality in the African regional human rights system’s jurisprudence to women’s land and property rights Chekera-Radu, YT Practices and challenges in implementing women’s right to political participation under the African Women’s Rights Protocol in Zimbabwe Zvobgo, EF and Dziva, C Developing norms and standards on maternal mortality in Africa: lessons from UN human rights bodies Afuluke-Eruchalu, O and Durojaye, E Le rôle des acteurs nongouvernementaux dans la mobilisation juridique en faveur du Protocole de Maputo Guignard, L Happy 18th birthday to the African Children’s Charter: not counting its days but making its days count Mezmur, BD Monitoring implementation of the decisions and judgments of the African Commission and Court on Human and Peoples’ Rights Murray, R; Long, D; Ayeni, V; and Somé, A Why should we obey you? Enhancing implementation of rulings by regional courts Nyman-Metcalf, K and Papageorgiou, I Contextualising the corporate human rights responsibility in Africa: a social expectation or legal obligation? Okoloise, C La promotion de la démocratie et d’un ordre constitutionnel de qualité par le système africain des droits fondamentaux: entre acquis et défis Olinga, AD La jurisprudence de la Cour africaine des droits de l’homme et des peuples: entre particularisme et universalité Ondo, T Actualising women’s participation in politics and governance in Africa: the case of Ghana and Kenya Owiso, R and Sefah, B Article 6 of the African Women’s Rights Protocol: towards the protection of the rights of women in polygamous marriages Oyugi, P ‘It is better that ten guilty persons escape than that one innocent suffer’: the African Court on Human and Peoples’ Rights and fair trial rights in Tanzania Possi, A Du ‘droit de la force’ à la force du droit: pour la dépénalisation de l’avortement à Madagascar Rabenoro, M La Cour et la Commission africaines des droits de l’homme et des peuples: noces constructives ou cohabitation ombrageuse? Yerima, SZ
Critical Approaches to International Criminal Law
Author: Christine Schwöbel
Publisher: Routledge
ISBN: 1317929217
Category : Law
Languages : en
Pages : 305
Book Description
Drawing on the critical legal tradition, the collection of international scholars gathered in this volume analyse the complicities and limitations of International Criminal Law. This area of law has recently experienced a significant surge in scholarship and public debate; individual criminal accountability is now firmly entrenched in both international law and the international consciousness as a necessary mechanism of responsibility. Critical Approaches to International Criminal Law: An Introduction shifts the debate towards that which has so far been missing from the mainstream discussion: the possible injustices, exclusions, and biases of International Criminal Law. This collection of essays is the first dedicated to the topic of critical approaches to international criminal law. It will be a valuable resource for scholars and students of international criminal law, international law, international legal theory, criminal law, and criminology.
Publisher: Routledge
ISBN: 1317929217
Category : Law
Languages : en
Pages : 305
Book Description
Drawing on the critical legal tradition, the collection of international scholars gathered in this volume analyse the complicities and limitations of International Criminal Law. This area of law has recently experienced a significant surge in scholarship and public debate; individual criminal accountability is now firmly entrenched in both international law and the international consciousness as a necessary mechanism of responsibility. Critical Approaches to International Criminal Law: An Introduction shifts the debate towards that which has so far been missing from the mainstream discussion: the possible injustices, exclusions, and biases of International Criminal Law. This collection of essays is the first dedicated to the topic of critical approaches to international criminal law. It will be a valuable resource for scholars and students of international criminal law, international law, international legal theory, criminal law, and criminology.
African Yearbook of International Law / Annuaire Africain de Droit International
Author: Abdulqawi Yusuf
Publisher: Martinus Nijhoff Publishers
ISBN: 9780792332848
Category : Law
Languages : en
Pages : 328
Book Description
Founded in 1993, the African Yearbook, now published under the auspices of the African Foundation for International Law, is the only scholarly publication devoted exclusively to the study, development, dissemination and wider appreciation of international law in Africa as a whole. Through the scholarly analysis of international legal issues of particular relevance to the African continent, it also contributes to the acceptance of, and respect for the rule of law in intra-African relations, and for the principles of international law in general. Its uniqueness however goes beyond this, for through its special themes and general articles, it has succeeded over the years to serve as an intellectual forum where the development of international law is viewed as being integral to Africa's own development. Through the study and analysis of emerging legal issues of particular relevance to Africa, such as the creation of viable continental institutions capable of promoting unity and security for the peoples of the continent, the effective protection of human rights, the need for accountability for mass killings and massive violations of the rule of law, the promotion of a rule-based democratic culture, the role of African countries in a globalizing world economy and in international trade relations, the Yearbook strives to be responsive to the intellectual needs of African countries in the area of international law, andtothe continuing struggle for creating an environment conducive to the rule of law throughout the continent. The Yearbook also provides ready access to the basic documents of African international organizations by regularly publishing the resolutions and decisions ofregional and sub-regional organizations as well as the conventions, protocols and declarations adopted by pan-african agencies. Through the study and analysis of emerging legal issues of particular relevance to Africa, such as the creation of viable continental institutions capable of promoting unity and security for the peoples of the continent, the effective protection of human rights, the need for accountability for mass killings and massive violations of the rule of law, the promotion of a rule-based democratic culture, the role of African countries in a globalizing world economy and in international trade relations, the Yearbook strives to be responsive to the intellectual needs of African countries in the area of international law, andtothe continuing struggle for creating an environment conducive to the rule of law throughout the continent. The Yearbook also provides ready access to the basic documents of African international organizations by regularly publishing the resolutions and decisions of regional and sub-regional organizations as well as the conventions, protocols and declarations adopted by pan-african agencies.
Publisher: Martinus Nijhoff Publishers
ISBN: 9780792332848
Category : Law
Languages : en
Pages : 328
Book Description
Founded in 1993, the African Yearbook, now published under the auspices of the African Foundation for International Law, is the only scholarly publication devoted exclusively to the study, development, dissemination and wider appreciation of international law in Africa as a whole. Through the scholarly analysis of international legal issues of particular relevance to the African continent, it also contributes to the acceptance of, and respect for the rule of law in intra-African relations, and for the principles of international law in general. Its uniqueness however goes beyond this, for through its special themes and general articles, it has succeeded over the years to serve as an intellectual forum where the development of international law is viewed as being integral to Africa's own development. Through the study and analysis of emerging legal issues of particular relevance to Africa, such as the creation of viable continental institutions capable of promoting unity and security for the peoples of the continent, the effective protection of human rights, the need for accountability for mass killings and massive violations of the rule of law, the promotion of a rule-based democratic culture, the role of African countries in a globalizing world economy and in international trade relations, the Yearbook strives to be responsive to the intellectual needs of African countries in the area of international law, andtothe continuing struggle for creating an environment conducive to the rule of law throughout the continent. The Yearbook also provides ready access to the basic documents of African international organizations by regularly publishing the resolutions and decisions ofregional and sub-regional organizations as well as the conventions, protocols and declarations adopted by pan-african agencies. Through the study and analysis of emerging legal issues of particular relevance to Africa, such as the creation of viable continental institutions capable of promoting unity and security for the peoples of the continent, the effective protection of human rights, the need for accountability for mass killings and massive violations of the rule of law, the promotion of a rule-based democratic culture, the role of African countries in a globalizing world economy and in international trade relations, the Yearbook strives to be responsive to the intellectual needs of African countries in the area of international law, andtothe continuing struggle for creating an environment conducive to the rule of law throughout the continent. The Yearbook also provides ready access to the basic documents of African international organizations by regularly publishing the resolutions and decisions of regional and sub-regional organizations as well as the conventions, protocols and declarations adopted by pan-african agencies.
International Law and the Quest for its Implementation. Le droit international et la quête de sa mise en oeuvre
Author: Marcelo Kohen
Publisher: BRILL
ISBN: 9047430581
Category : Law
Languages : en
Pages : 531
Book Description
This Liber Amicorum appears on the occasion of Professor Vera Gowlland-Debbas' retirement from the Graduate Institute. It includes contributions by her colleagues and friends from distinguished universities and international institutions. It covers different fields in which she has excelled. This collective work is divided into three main sections. The first section examines matters concerning the law of the United Nations. The second section is devoted to human rights and international humanitarian law. The third section addresses issues related to law-making, compliance with international law and the peaceful settlement of disputes. The result is a collection of stimulating analysis of most of the topical problems of international law. The contributions are in both English and French.
Publisher: BRILL
ISBN: 9047430581
Category : Law
Languages : en
Pages : 531
Book Description
This Liber Amicorum appears on the occasion of Professor Vera Gowlland-Debbas' retirement from the Graduate Institute. It includes contributions by her colleagues and friends from distinguished universities and international institutions. It covers different fields in which she has excelled. This collective work is divided into three main sections. The first section examines matters concerning the law of the United Nations. The second section is devoted to human rights and international humanitarian law. The third section addresses issues related to law-making, compliance with international law and the peaceful settlement of disputes. The result is a collection of stimulating analysis of most of the topical problems of international law. The contributions are in both English and French.
Research Handbook of Children and Armed Conflict
Author: Myriam Denov
Publisher: Edward Elgar Publishing
ISBN: 1839104813
Category : Social Science
Languages : en
Pages : 307
Book Description
The Research Handbook of Children and Armed Conflict adeptly explores childrens’ lived realities of armed conflict and its aftermath. Featuring empirical, conceptual and policy analyses alongside moving first-hand accounts of the experiences of war-affected children and youth, it highlights the urgent need for advocacy and action.
Publisher: Edward Elgar Publishing
ISBN: 1839104813
Category : Social Science
Languages : en
Pages : 307
Book Description
The Research Handbook of Children and Armed Conflict adeptly explores childrens’ lived realities of armed conflict and its aftermath. Featuring empirical, conceptual and policy analyses alongside moving first-hand accounts of the experiences of war-affected children and youth, it highlights the urgent need for advocacy and action.
The African Charter on the Rights and Welfare of the Child
Author: Thoko Kaime
Publisher: PULP
ISBN: 0981442048
Category : African Charter on the Rights and Welfare of the Child
Languages : en
Pages : 260
Book Description
The African Charter on the Rights and Welfare of the Child: A socio-legal perspectiveby Thoko Kaime2009ISBN: 978-0-9814420-4-4Pages: xii 247Print version: AvailableElectronic version: Free PDF available.
Publisher: PULP
ISBN: 0981442048
Category : African Charter on the Rights and Welfare of the Child
Languages : en
Pages : 260
Book Description
The African Charter on the Rights and Welfare of the Child: A socio-legal perspectiveby Thoko Kaime2009ISBN: 978-0-9814420-4-4Pages: xii 247Print version: AvailableElectronic version: Free PDF available.
Necessity and National Emergency Clauses
Author: Diane A. Desierto
Publisher: Martinus Nijhoff Publishers
ISBN: 9004218521
Category : Political Science
Languages : en
Pages : 433
Book Description
Unveiling the complex dynamic between State sovereignty and necessity doctrine as historically practiced in international political relations, this book proposes analytical criteria to assess the lawfulness and legitimacy of interpretations of necessity and national emergency clauses in specialized treaty regimes.
Publisher: Martinus Nijhoff Publishers
ISBN: 9004218521
Category : Political Science
Languages : en
Pages : 433
Book Description
Unveiling the complex dynamic between State sovereignty and necessity doctrine as historically practiced in international political relations, this book proposes analytical criteria to assess the lawfulness and legitimacy of interpretations of necessity and national emergency clauses in specialized treaty regimes.