Adult Mortality in India: Trends, Socio-economic Disparities and Consequences PDF Download

Author: Moradhvaj Dhakad
Publisher: Springer Nature
ISBN: 9819900026
Category : Social Science
Languages : en
Pages : 146

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Book Description
This volume provides a comprehensive overview of the adult mortality situation in India. Each chapter ranges from general adult mortality patterns to its consequences in India. It discusses data-related challenges to studying adult mortality and examines the level, trends, and changing patterns, whether convergence or divergence of adult mortality across the regions from 1981 to 2015. Analyzing the mortality risk across different socioeconomic groups of the population in India, it examines the major underlying causes of adult death with a detailed analysis of external causes of death. The volume enhances the reader's understanding of adult health situations through the lenses of gender, caste, religion, rural-urban, economic status, and region of residence, and its severe consequences at the household level. It is a valuable addition to knowledge on demography, epidemiology, health economics, applied statistics, and public health studies worldwide. It is a must-reference work for Master's and Ph.D. scholars to explore India's and low- and middle-income countries' mortality situations.

Author: Damien de Walque
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :

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Author: National Academies of Sciences Engineering and Medicine
Publisher:
ISBN: 9780309684736
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :

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Author: Nandita Saikia
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :

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The objective of this study is to analyze the pattern and risk factors of all-cause and externalcause mortality among adults in India. Using a nationally-representative, population-based survey, known as the National Family Health Survey, 2015-2016, we calculate age-specific death rates among adults aged 15-64 for all causes and external causes in the three years before the survey. We estimate external cause-deleted life expectancy by sex and apply logistic regression to investigate the socioeconomic determinants of all-cause and externalcause mortality in India. The male disadvantage in external-cause mortality is higher than in all-cause mortality. For all-cause mortality, caste and household wealth quintile (WQ) are significant predictors for both sexes. For external-cause mortality, Hindu adults experience a higher risk than adults from other religious groups. Moreover, the risk of death from external causes is negatively associated with household WQ. Our study demonstrates that people belonging to lower socioeconomic strata disproportionately carry the burden of death from external causes.

Author: Alan D. Lopez
Publisher: Oxford University Press, USA
ISBN:
Category : Mathematics
Languages : en
Pages : 392

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Book Description
This is followed by a series of chapters which focus on the causes and extent of differentials in adult mortality, paying particular attention to sex, region of residence, and socio-economic status. The final section of the book draws heavily on the North American experience to consider some of the policy and programme implications necessary to reduce preventable adult mortality levels further - including government policies to control smoking and alcohol abuse, and to promote healthful behaviour patterns.

Author: National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
Publisher: National Academies Press
ISBN: 0309452961
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 583

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Book Description
In the United States, some populations suffer from far greater disparities in health than others. Those disparities are caused not only by fundamental differences in health status across segments of the population, but also because of inequities in factors that impact health status, so-called determinants of health. Only part of an individual's health status depends on his or her behavior and choice; community-wide problems like poverty, unemployment, poor education, inadequate housing, poor public transportation, interpersonal violence, and decaying neighborhoods also contribute to health inequities, as well as the historic and ongoing interplay of structures, policies, and norms that shape lives. When these factors are not optimal in a community, it does not mean they are intractable: such inequities can be mitigated by social policies that can shape health in powerful ways. Communities in Action: Pathways to Health Equity seeks to delineate the causes of and the solutions to health inequities in the United States. This report focuses on what communities can do to promote health equity, what actions are needed by the many and varied stakeholders that are part of communities or support them, as well as the root causes and structural barriers that need to be overcome.

Author: Richard G. Rogers
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 9789400735361
Category : Social Science
Languages : en
Pages : 626

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Book Description
This handbook presents a comprehensive and up-to-date overview of unprecedented substantive, theoretical, methodological, and statistical developments and insights, and an in-depth examination of trends and patterns, in adult mortality around the world. With over two dozen chapters and more than 50 authors, this volume draws from top international mortality experts to provide one of the best overviews of life expectancy extant. The book documents remarkable gains in life expectancy, which stand out as one of the most important accomplishments of the twentieth century. Individuals in more developed countries can expect to live longer now than ever before, especially the Japanese who enjoy record-setting life expectancies. The book also explores unfortunate declines in life expectancy in selected countries brought on by such factors as infectious diseases; accidents, suicides, and homicides; and political and economic conflict and turmoil. This book synthesizes the wealth of mortality information available, clearly articulates the central findings to-date, identifies the most appropriate datasets and methods currently available, illuminates the central research questions, and develops an agenda to address these research questions. The authors carefully examine central factors related to mortality, including health behaviors, socioeconomic status, social relations, biomarkers, and genetic factors. The book will prove especially relevant to researchers, students, and policy makers within social and health sciences who want to better understand international trends and patterns in adult mortality.

Author:
Publisher:
ISBN: 9789187793660
Category : Income
Languages : en
Pages :

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Mortality differentials by socioeconomic status (SES) are among the most pervasive facts of contemporary demography. However, while the mortality gradient by income, class and education is well-established for the period after 1970, evidence regarding the origins of the gradient is still scarce. The aim of this thesis is to explore the development of SES differences in all-cause and cause-specific adult and old age mortality over the last 200 years, exploiting unique longitudinal individual-level data for a regional population in the south of Sweden, as well as full-count decennial?microcensuses for the whole country. It was confirmed throughout all the four studies that the socioeconomic gradient in mortality is a recent phenomenon starting after the second world war. This result was independent from the dimension of socioeconomic status used in the analysis. A similar late emergence of social differences in mortality dating back to not earlier than the 1950s is evident regardless of whether the analysis was based on social class or income. Even when examining more detailed occupations, more prestigious jobs such as architects, engineers, physicians, and lawyers were not associated with lower mortality before the second half of the twentieth century. Analyzing more specific groups of diseases showed that the advantages related to one's higher social class or to one's higher income appeared at approximately the same time and did so regardless of preventability. Interestingly, when looking at mortality from circulatory diseases for men both by social class and income during the nineteenth and first half of the twentieth century a reversed gradient emerged. Moreover, empirical models including both social class and income showed that they are both independently related to mortality and that the income gradient appeared at an earlier stage, around the 1950s, while when looking at social class it emerged a couple of decades later. When the relation between social class and mortality is broken down in more detailed occupations, results showed significant differences in mortality by occupation within the same social class. Eventually by analysing the different role of cohort and period effects on the relation between social class and mortality it emerged that cohort factors may have had a greater contribution to explaining mortality patterns by social class. Several mechanisms were considered as possible explanations for such patters, including early life factors, material resources and lifestyle. Taken together the results point toward the importance of lifestyle factors. Such mechanism is consistent with the reverse gradient in circulatory diseases before the 1950s and the turn-around that happened later. Indeed, higher social classes were more likely to be heavy consumers of alcohol, to smoke tobacco and to have a sedentary life. In more recent years, the opposite is true. Moreover, unhealthy behaviors were more common among men, which is a potential explanation for why the reverse gradient is not present for women. Overall, the studies presented here looking at long-term developments of the SES-mortality relation reveal that the impact of SES on survival chances has not always been the same but it rather depends on which coping mechanisms each SES group exploits to avoid risk factors at each point in time.

Author: National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
Publisher: National Academies Press
ISBN: 0309474108
Category : Social Science
Languages : en
Pages : 409

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Book Description
Almost 25 years have passed since the Demography of Aging (1994) was published by the National Research Council. Future Directions for the Demography of Aging is, in many ways, the successor to that original volume. The Division of Behavioral and Social Research at the National Institute on Aging (NIA) asked the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine to produce an authoritative guide to new directions in demography of aging. The papers published in this report were originally presented and discussed at a public workshop held in Washington, D.C., August 17-18, 2017. The workshop discussion made evident that major new advances had been made in the last two decades, but also that new trends and research directions have emerged that call for innovative conceptual, design, and measurement approaches. The report reviews these recent trends and also discusses future directions for research on a range of topics that are central to current research in the demography of aging. Looking back over the past two decades of demography of aging research shows remarkable advances in our understanding of the health and well-being of the older population. Equally exciting is that this report sets the stage for the next two decades of innovative researchâ€"a period of rapid growth in the older American population.

Author: National Research Council
Publisher: National Academies Press
ISBN: 0309309980
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 431

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Young adulthood - ages approximately 18 to 26 - is a critical period of development with long-lasting implications for a person's economic security, health and well-being. Young adults are key contributors to the nation's workforce and military services and, since many are parents, to the healthy development of the next generation. Although 'millennials' have received attention in the popular media in recent years, young adults are too rarely treated as a distinct population in policy, programs, and research. Instead, they are often grouped with adolescents or, more often, with all adults. Currently, the nation is experiencing economic restructuring, widening inequality, a rapidly rising ratio of older adults, and an increasingly diverse population. The possible transformative effects of these features make focus on young adults especially important. A systematic approach to understanding and responding to the unique circumstances and needs of today's young adults can help to pave the way to a more productive and equitable tomorrow for young adults in particular and our society at large. Investing in The Health and Well-Being of Young Adults describes what is meant by the term young adulthood, who young adults are, what they are doing, and what they need. This study recommends actions that nonprofit programs and federal, state, and local agencies can take to help young adults make a successful transition from adolescence to adulthood. According to this report, young adults should be considered as a separate group from adolescents and older adults. Investing in The Health and Well-Being of Young Adults makes the case that increased efforts to improve high school and college graduate rates and education and workforce development systems that are more closely tied to high-demand economic sectors will help this age group achieve greater opportunity and success. The report also discusses the health status of young adults and makes recommendations to develop evidence-based practices for young adults for medical and behavioral health, including preventions. What happens during the young adult years has profound implications for the rest of the life course, and the stability and progress of society at large depends on how any cohort of young adults fares as a whole. Investing in The Health and Well-Being of Young Adults will provide a roadmap to improving outcomes for this age group as they transition from adolescence to adulthood.