Adsorption of Heavy Metals on Polyethyleneimine Modified Palm Shell Activated Carbon PDF Download

Author: Chun Yang Yin
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Adsorption
Languages : en
Pages : 254

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Author: Nor Shahirah Mohd Nasir
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Carbon, Activated
Languages : en
Pages : 64

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Book Description
The presence of heavy metals in wastewater is known to cause severe damage to aquatic life, beside the fact that these metals kill microorganism during biological treatment of wastewater with a consequent time delay of the treatment process. Chromium is one of the major heavy metals present in wastewater which has toxic effect and is a strong oxidizing agent capable of being absorbed through the skin. Palm oil mills in Malaysia produce about 4.3 million tones of shell and the significant problems in the palm fruit processing is managing the wastes generated during the process. The palm shell can be converted into useful products such as activated carbon. So, this method will reduce industrial wastewater problem and will bring benefits to society. Hence, this research aims to use activated carbon produced from palm shell to remove Chromium from industrial wastewater. Pyrolysis was applied for the preparation of activated carbon from palm shell using furnace at 600oC. The treatment of activated carbon was carried out by oxidizing it with sulphuric acid and coating with chitosan. Two adsorbents namely Palm Shell Activated Carbon (PSAC) and Palm Shell Activated Carbon coated with Chitosan (PSACC) were used to remove chromium from aqueous solution. The effects of pH of the solution, adsorbent dosage, agitation speed, and contact time on adsorption of chromium were studied. The experimental results proved that the chromium removal efficiency of PSACC was better compared PSAC. Freundlich and Langmuir isotherms were used to analyze the adsorption of chromium from aqueous solution. The results concluded that Freundlich isotherm captured the adsorption of Chromium better compared to Langmuir isotherm as the former have higher correlation regression coefficient.

Author: Nurul Diyana Zainal
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 43

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Author: Deepak Kumar Dawar
Publisher: Mohammed Abdul Malik
ISBN:
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 0

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Book Description
Adsorption is a process that occurs when a gas or liquid solute accumulates on the surface of a solid or a liquid (adsorbent), forming a molecular or atomic film (the adsorbate). Adsorption is operative in most natural physical, biological and chemical system and is widely used in industrial application such as activated charcoal, synthetic resins and water purification. Among these methods, adsorption is currently considered to be very suitable for waste water treatment because of its simplicity and cost effectiveness. Adsorption is commonly used technique for the removal of metal ions from various industrial effluents. It is a physicochemical process in which dissolved molecules are attached to the surface of an adsorbent by physical or chemical forces. The substance which adsorbs another substance on its surface is called as adsorbent while the substance which itself get adsorbed on the surface of another substance is called adsorbate. All adsorption performance processes are depends on solid-liquid equilibria and on mass transfer rates. If the mass transfer is in opposite direction then it is called as Desorption. Most adsorbents are highly porous materials, and adsorption takes place primarily on the walls of the pores or at the specific sites inside the particle. An adsorbent material must have a high internal volume, which is accessible to the components being removed from the solvent. Surface area and the distribution of area with respect to pore size are two very important factors in determining extent of adsorption. The overall rate of adsorption is controlled by the rate of diffusion of solute within the capillary pores of the adsorbent and varies with square root of the contact time with the adsorbent.

Author: Inamuddin
Publisher: Springer Nature
ISBN: 3030803341
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 460

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The book presents recent remediation techniques for heavy metal contamination in wastewater, with a focus on recently-developed and sustainable materials such as metal oxides and their composites, two-dimensional materials, organic-inorganic ion exchange materials, nanomaterials, bagasse, and olive-oil waste chelating materials. Chapters also describe the analysis of heavy metals, membranes for water treatment, sources and impact of heavy metals and opportunities and challenges in heavy metal remediation.

Author: Nur Hidayu Binti Misran
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Biochemical engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 48

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The production of alternative activated carbon has been resolved to replace the costly activated carbon to remove unwanted heavy metals from contaminated water at low cost. Heavy metals are very toxicity and can harm human body. The environmental pollution became increase due to the discharge of wastewater including heavy metals and toxic nature of copper affects water resources. In this study, activated carbon produced locally from palm kernel shell was examined for the copper removal from aqueous solution by using adsorption process. Palm kernel shell not just available to get but inexpensive material that have ash content, fixed carbon, high carbon and low inorganic content. Adsorption studies conducted in completely to shown the ability of the produced activated carbon to remove copper from aqueous solutions in certain range of pH. The investigation was carried out by studying the influence of pH (1-5), adsorbent dosage (0.3-1.5 g) and initial concentration (150-350 mg/L). The result of the study shown that activated carbon from palm kernel shell with large surface area has high percentage capacity of copper removal compared to small surface area. From the result showed that the optimum parameters for maximum removal efficiency were follows as adsorbent dose (1.5 g), pH (5) and initial concentration (150 mg/L). Based on the batch adsorption experiment, the adsorption isotherm studies indicated that Langmuir model fits better for the present case. While adsorption kinetic indicated that pseudo second order model is the best for the present case.

Author: Mahad Baawain
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 3319191233
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 352

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This book collects current scientific information on advanced technologies and management practices associated with the desalination industry in the Middle East and elsewhere around the world. The book opens with introductory chapter which briefly recounts the history of desalination, and describes the current state of development in the field. Part I: Desalination Systems includes ten chapters which describe a variety of techniques and designs intended not only to minimize the impact of desalination, but also to save energy and use natural resources to maximize the output of integrated desalination systems. Among the highlights are a chapter on the use of ceramic membrane technology for sustainable oil water production; a case study on the use of solar heating systems in desalination technology in Oman; discussion of fouling and its effect on design and performance of desalination systems; a review of shore approaches and sea-lines with case studies from Australia and Germany; and a discussion of the integration of desalination technology with renewable energy for climate change abatement in the Middle East and North Africa region. Part II: Environmental Systems includes among others a chapter on regulating the use of water resources and desalination technology on a regional scale reducing the carbon footprint of desalination, with examples from Australia; a description of desalination for irrigation in the Souss Massa region in the south of Morocco; a study of the impact of the coastal intake environment on operating conditions of thermal desalination plants in the United Arab Emirates; a discussion of hydrodynamic and thermal dispersion modeling of the effluent in a coastal channel, with a case study from Oman; and a mathematical model study of effluent disposal from a desalination plant in the marine environment at Tuticorin in India. The book aims to inspire developments in desalination technologies which are specifically aimed at reducing energy consumption and cost, and minimizing environmental impact.

Author: Muhammad
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Adsorption
Languages : en
Pages : 164

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A series of batch laboratory studies were conducted in order to investigate the suitability of palm kernel shell (PKS)-based activated carbon for the removal of cadmium (cadmium ions) and zinc (zinc ions) from their aqueous solutions. Single and binary adsorption isotherms and kinetics were investigated. All batch experiments were carried out at a constant temperature of 30±1oC using an incubator shaker that operated at 150 rpm. A concentration ratio of cadmium and zinc used in the adsorption of binary system is 1:1. Batch equilibrium studies showed that adsorption of cadmium and zinc were highly pH dependent. Uptake of cadmium and zinc increased with pH with maximum removal observed at pH 7.0, and decreased thereafter with further increase in the initial pH. In a single component system, the adsorption capacity of cadmium was higher than zinc, whilst in a binary component system, the adsorption capacity of zinc was higher than cadmium. The single component equilibrium data was analyzed using the Langmuir, Freundlich and Redlich-Peterson isotherms. Overall, the Redlich-Peterson isotherm showed the best fit for all adsorption under investigation in terms of correlation coefficient as well as error analysis. For all the systems studied, the analysis of isotherm shape factor showed that the adsorption was favorable. Equilibrium isotherms for the binary adsorption of cadmium (II) and zinc (II) ions onto PKS-base activated carbon have been analyzed by using the ideal adsorbed solution (IAS) theory, extended Langmuir (EL), modified extended Langmuir (MEL), modified extended Freundlich (MEF) and modified extended Redlich-Peterson (MERP) models. The binary isotherm data could be described reasonably well by the modified extended Langmuir model. The kinetics of single and binary systems describing the sorption of cadmium and zinc have been investigated. The rate models evaluated include the pseudo first order, the pseudo-second order and the intraparticle diffusion models. Kinetic data showed that the adsorption rates were a function of initial adsorbate concentration. For both single and binary systems, the pseudo-second order model correlate excellently the experimental data, suggesting that chemisorption processes could be the rate-limiting step.

Author: Saini, Pinki
Publisher: IGI Global
ISBN:
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 390

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Book Description
Persistent and non-degradable, heavy metals stand as pollutants with the potential for severe ecological repercussions when released into the environment. Municipal and industrial wastewater face a high risk of contamination by these hazardous substances, posing a formidable challenge to water treatment technologies. The imperative is clear: effective and affordable methods for effluent treatment and metal recovery are essential for meeting regulatory standards and unlocking the latent value of valuable metals within the waste. However, new methods of accomplishing this challenge are necessary for increasing the effectiveness in both cost and application Biosorption Processes for Heavy Metal Removal comprehensively explores the imperative to remove heavy metals from waste streams. It provides an insightful overview of biosorbents and biosorption technology, focusing on their underlying biosorption features. The compilation within this book comprises of a series of review articles delving into the current understanding of biosorption mechanisms and biochemistry, the efficacy of bacterial, fungal, and algal biomass, and practical considerations for biosorbent preparation and engineering. The physicochemical evaluations of biosorbents, process optimization, and factors influencing biosorption efficiency are also covered. Furthermore, the book explores biosorption applications for removing nutrients, organic pollutants, and metals in wastewater treatment across diverse contexts. Geared towards administrators, policymakers, consultants, industry professionals, academicians, scientists, researchers, and graduate and post-graduate students in environmental sciences and related fields, this book serves as their comprehensive reference.

Author: Mohamed El Zayat
Publisher: LAP Lambert Academic Publishing
ISBN: 9783659400254
Category : Adsorption
Languages : en
Pages : 128

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In this Book, The utilization of agricultural waste to produce valuable products has been investigated to minimize serious public health risks from exposure to dangerous fumes that come from burning the agricultural wastes in open fields. In this study, activated carbon produced from cotton stalks was examined for the removal of target heavy metal contaminants from water and wastewater. Adsorption studies conducted in completely mixed batch reactors and continuous flow columns showed a good affinity of the produced activated carbon to remove heavy metals, namely lead, cadmium and copper from aqueous solutions compared to other commercial adsorbents. The highest adsorption capacity was for lead, followed by copper and then cadmium. Multicomponent metal adsorption experiments indicated a competition for the available surface sites. Adsorption capacities in the mixture were reduced from their single-solute values for all metals.