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Author: Shaoxian Song Publisher: Springer Nature ISBN: 3030544516 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 319
Book Description
This book introduces the latest research regarding the adsorption of heavy metals, toxic ions, and organic compounds at the interfaces of water/minerals, such as mineralogical characterizations, surface chemistry, and modification of natural minerals as adsorbents, as well as the adsorption of cations, anions, and organic compounds in water. Presenting findings by the authors and their co-workers, the book helps readers grasp the principals and benefits of using minerals for water treatment, as well as the advanced technologies in the area developed over last 30 years, especially the last 10 years.
Author: Shaoxian Song Publisher: Springer Nature ISBN: 3030544516 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 319
Book Description
This book introduces the latest research regarding the adsorption of heavy metals, toxic ions, and organic compounds at the interfaces of water/minerals, such as mineralogical characterizations, surface chemistry, and modification of natural minerals as adsorbents, as well as the adsorption of cations, anions, and organic compounds in water. Presenting findings by the authors and their co-workers, the book helps readers grasp the principals and benefits of using minerals for water treatment, as well as the advanced technologies in the area developed over last 30 years, especially the last 10 years.
Author: Michael F. Hochella Publisher: Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG ISBN: 1501509136 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 620
Book Description
Volume 23 of Reviews in Mineralogy and accompanying MSA short course covers chemical reactions that take place at mineral-water interfaces. We believe that this book describes most of the important concepts and contributions that have driven mineral-water interface geochemistry to its present state. We begin in Chapter 1 with examples of the global importance of mineral-water interface reactions and a brief review of the contents of the entire book. Thereafter, we have divided the book into four sections, including atomistic approaches (Chapters 2- 3), adsorption (Chapters 4-8), precipitation and dissolution (Chapters 9-11), and oxidation-reduction reactions (Chapters 11-14).
Author: Margaret A. G. Hinkle Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 0
Book Description
The biogeochemical cycling of iron and manganese involves the reductive dissolution and oxidative precipitation of Fe(III) and Mn(IV/III) oxides. Biogenic Fe(III) and Mn(IV/III) oxides are often characterized by high surface areas and therefore high sorptive capacities. As a result, these minerals can substantially alter the chemistry of natural waters and the availability of micronutrients in soils and sediments by scavenging trace metals. Recent research indicates that the adsorption of aqueous Fe(II) onto Fe(III) oxides involves oxidative adsorption, electron transfer, and subsequent reductive dissolution at another surface site [a process collectively referred to as 'electron transfer-atom exchange' (ET-AE)]. Aqueous Mn(II) adsorption onto Mn(IV/III) oxides likely also involves oxidation, but because of the potential for Mn(II) Mn(IV) comproportionation reactions and the accessibility of nearly all atoms in Mn(IV/III) oxide sheets to reaction with aqueous solution, aqueous Mn(II)-solid Mn(IV/III) interactions are expected to differ substantially from the analogous Fe system. These complex interactions between reduced and oxidized forms of Fe (and Mn) occur at redox interfaces and can exert substantial effects on trace metal fate. These processes may, in turn, be affected by ions common in natural systems. The main objective of this dissertation is to determine how interactions between ions commonly present during biogeochemical Fe or Mn cycling in natural systems [e.g., phosphate, sulfate, Ni, Zn, Fe(II), or Mn(II)] alter one another's interactions with Fe and Mn oxide surfaces. This research specifically seeks to (1) identify the mechanisms through which the oxoanions phosphate and sulfate alter Fe(II) adsorption onto Fe oxides; (2) determine how oxoanion-Fe(II) interactions alter trace metal partitioning between the mineral surface, bulk mineral structure, and aqueous phase; (3) characterize the effect of Mn(II) on phyllomanganate sheet structures; and (4) examine the effect of Mn(II) on trace metal sorption on phyllomanganates. Macroscopic adsorption edges show that Fe(II) cooperatively co-adsorbs with sulfate and phosphate on Fe(III) oxide surfaces. Both attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and surface complexation modeling indicate that this cooperative adsorption behavior arises from a combination of ternary complexation and electrostatic interactions. The formation Fe(II)-oxoanion ternary complexes suggests that processes associated with Fe(II) Fe(III) ET-AE reactions may be altered in the presence of oxoanions, depending on the stability and identity of the ternary complex that forms. The effect of these oxoanions on one such process, trace metal repartitioning, was investigated in detail. Sulfate and, to a larger degree, phosphate suppress Ni cycling through hematite during Fe(II)-catalyzed recrystallization by altering Ni adsorption, structural incorporation, and release back into solution. Conversely, Ni cycling through goethite is unaffected or enhanced by phosphate and sulfate. This dissertation also investigated Mn(II) effects on phyllomanganate structure and the fate of associated trace metals. Powder X-ray diffraction and X-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopic measurements indicate that Mn(II) causes distortion of the sheet structure of Mn(IV/III) oxides and alters sheet stacking at low pH, but has a minimal effect on phyllomanganate structures at circumneutral pH. As a result, Ni and Zn adsorption mechanisms on phyllomanganates are altered in the presence of aqueous Mn(II) at pH 4, but exhibit few changes at pH 7. The Ni and Zn adsorption behaviors with aqueous Mn(II) suggests that Mn(II) alters phyllomanganate reactivities by decreasing phyllomanganate vacancy content. These results emphasize the importance of understanding adsorbate interactions in systems with coexisting reduced and oxidized Fe or Mn, as under such conditions Fe and Mn oxide minerals undergo dynamic structural transformations. Trace metal uptake and partitioning between Fe oxide surfaces can be altered in systems with appreciable amounts of phosphate or sulfate (e.g., riparian zones, estuaries, or marine sediments). The complex interactions at iron oxide surfaces must be considered when evaluating trace metal fate at redox interfaces or interpreting trace metal proxies in the rock record to reconstruct ancient water compositions. The Mn(II)-induced phyllomanganate structural changes observed here suggest a relationship between water composition and the reactivity of Mn oxides as adsorbent materials. The identified phyllomanganate restructuring may also modify the capacity of Mn oxides to serve as oxidants of inorganic and organic compounds in aquatic systems. This dissertation highlights the complex structural and chemical processes that occur via cooperative and competitive interactions of ion at iron and manganese oxide surfaces.
Author: Yu Sik Hwang Publisher: ISBN: Category : Adsorption Languages : en Pages :
Book Description
Abstract: Numerous naturally-occurring organic acids (low- or high-molecular weight organic acids) are commonly found in the natural environment, often at significant concentrations. These acids adsorb strongly to mineral surfaces and affect the fate and transport of contaminants and nutrients as well as other basic biogeochemical processes (e.g., mineral dissolution). An accurate assessment of the impact the adsorbed organic acid has on these processes hinges on developing, at the molecular-level, an understanding of the interactions occurring at the mineral-water interface. The objectives of this investigation were 1) to evaluate how differences in the molecular structure of organic acids can affect adsorption behavior at the mineral-water interface as a function of environmental conditions; 2) to develop a surface complexation modeling strategy to successfully integrate the molecular-level information with observations made at the macroscopic results; 3) to elucidate how competitive interactions between multiple organic acids and the mineral-water interface alters adsorption behavior in advective systems. To meet these objectives, a systematic investigation of the adsorption of four low- molecular weight (LMW) dicarboxylic acids (phthalic acid, maleic acid, succinic acid, and fumaric acid) on the hematite surface was performed. These acids were chosen to determine the influence of simple structural differences, in particular the orientation of the carboxylic groups, on adsorption. Results are presented for a variety of systems studied using traditional equilibrium batch adsorption experiments, in-situ attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR), theoretical molecular orbital calculations, potentiometric titration experiments, surface complexation models (SCMs), and column experiments. From the batch adsorption experiment, it was found that the orientation of the carboxylic groups in each dicarboxylic acid and their pKa values significantly influences the adsorption density as well as the position and characteristics of the pH adsorption edges. In the circum-neutral pH range, the highest adsorption was measured for phthalic acid and maleic acid, followed by succinic acid. In particular, the adsorption of fumaric acid, an acid with two carboxylic groups in a trans-configuration, was much lower than that observed for the other organic acids. Through ATR-FTIR spectroscopic results, it was also established that the adsorption structures and modes at the interface strongly depend on the position of the carboxylic function groups. Phthalic acid with ortho-position, maleic acid with cis-configuration, and succinic acid with higher flexibility of the two carboxylic groups formed similar two fully deprotonated surface complexes at the hematite/water interface: an outer-sphere complex and a bidentate inner-sphere complex likely involving both carboxylic groups. Fumaric acid with trans-configuration, however, seems to bind to hematite primarily as a deprotonated outer-sphere complex. Unlike phthalic acid, maleic acid, and succinic acid, both carboxylic groups on the trans configured fumaric acid molecule are oriented opposite to one another and likely fail to anchor to the same surface, which results in different adsorption behavior at macroscopic and molecular level. In addition, ATR-FTIR spectroscopic results showed that the relative importance of both inner- and outer- sphere complexes varies with the solution pH as well as the types of organic acids. At high pH, the outer-sphere complex appeared to dominate, whereas the inner-sphere complex was favored by low pH. The results of a surface complexation model (SCM) that includes one deprotonated bidentate inner-sphere complex and one deprotonated bidentate outer-sphere complex was qualitatively consistent with the spectroscopic results, exhibiting the importance of the outer-sphere complex through all pH ranges and the presence of the inner-sphere complex at low pH. However, the resulting surface speciation was highly influenced by model parameter choice, with the concentration of inner-sphere complex at low pH values significantly increasing with decreasing inner-layer capacitance and site density. These results suggest the reliability of SCMs to predict bulk adsorption amounts and surface speciation relies on the selection of appropriate surface complexation reactions and adjustable model parameters as constrained by specific direct knowledge of surface speciation. The results of column experiments revealed that an organic acid with a higher adsorption affinity (e.g., phthalic acid) can competitively displace an organic acid with a lower adsorption affinity (e.g., fumaric acid). Adsorption mode (inner- vs. outer- sphere complex) also likely plays a role in competitive adsorption. In addition, it was found that an accurate prediction of organic acid transport requires a through understanding of proton reactions on mineral or in solution that in turn evolve upon the adsorption of the organic acid on minerals surfaces.
Author: Rene P. Schwarzenbach Publisher: John Wiley & Sons ISBN: 1118767047 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 1026
Book Description
Examines in a pedagogical way all pertinent molecular and macroscopic processes that govern the distribution and fate of organic chemicals in the environment and provides simple modeling tools to quantitatively describe these processes and their interplay in a given environmental system Treats fundamental aspects of chemistry, physics, and mathematical modeling as applied to environmentally relevant problems, and gives a state of the art account of the field Teaches the reader how to relate the structure of a given chemical to its physical chemical properties and intrinsic reactivities Provides a holistic and teachable treatment of phase partitioning and transformation processes, as well as a more focused and tailor-made presentation of physical, mathematical, and modeling aspects that apply to environmental situations of concern Includes a large number of questions and problems allowing teachers to explore the depth of understanding of their students or allowing individuals who use the book for self-study to check their progress Provides a companion website, which includes solutions for all problems as well as a large compilation of physical constants and compound properties
Author: Salem Rao Publisher: CRC Press ISBN: 9780873716789 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 232
Book Description
Particulate Matter and Aquatic Contaminants presents eight chapters dedicated to promoting a better understanding of suspended particulate-contaminant interactions and some of the biological, microbiological, and ecotoxicological principles associated with contaminant adsorption and transportation processes. The information presented reflects information and techniques at the leading edge of "biological-contaminant" research and addresses a number of toxic contaminant issues of global concern. Particulate Matter and Aquatic Contaminants will be invaluable to environmental chemists, environmental toxicologists, water quality professionals, modelers involved in environmental transport, environmental managers, and regulators.
Author: Pan Ming Huang Publisher: CRC Press ISBN: 1439803080 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 821
Book Description
An evolving, living organic/inorganic covering, soil is in dynamic equilibrium with the atmosphere above, the biosphere within, and the geology below. It acts as an anchor for roots, a purveyor of water and nutrients, a residence for a vast community of microorganisms and animals, a sanitizer of the environment, and a source of raw materials for co
Author: Shaoxian Song
Author: Shaoxian Song
Author: Chad Phillip Johnston
Author: Michael F. Hochella
Author: Margaret A. G. Hinkle
Author: Yu Sik Hwang
Author: Alan T. Stone
Author: Rene P. Schwarzenbach
Author: Liming He
Author: Salem Rao
Author: Pan Ming Huang