Author: Harry Mason KaiserPublisher:
ISBN:
Category : Dairying
Languages : en
Pages : 58
Book Description
A Survey of Economic Models of the Dairy Industry
Author: Harry Mason KaiserPublisher:
ISBN:
Category : Dairying
Languages : en
Pages : 58
Book Description
A Survey of Economic Models of the Dairy Industry
Author: Harry Mason KaiserPublisher:
ISBN:
Category : Dairying
Languages : en
Pages : 72
Book Description
Economic Models for Dairy Policy Analysis
Author: Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Dairy products industry
Languages : en
Pages : 60
Book Description
Economic Models for Analyzing the Dairy Industry
Author: Richard F. FallertPublisher:
ISBN:
Category : Milk trade
Languages : en
Pages : 28
Book Description
Study on Economic Models to Prevent the Transport of Unfit End-of-career Dairy Cows
Author: Publisher:
ISBN: 9789276512301
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
Book Description
European law (Council Regulation (EC) No 1/2005 on the protection of animals during transport and related operations) requires that any 'unfit' animals shall not be considered for transport. This includes animals that are injured or that present physiological weaknesses or pathological processes. The regulation is intended to prevent injury or unnecessary suffering to animals when being transported between countries in the European Union (EU). Nevertheless, some unfit end-of-career dairy cows are transported to slaughterhouses. This study has been undertaken to identify drivers for this practice and options to help improve the conditions and welfare of end-of-career cows. The study looks at the scale of the problem, identifies reasons for non-compliance, documents which mitigation measures have been put in place to address the issue and identifies best practices. This involved the following research tasks: desk review on a range of topics important to the assessment; exploratory interviews with experts to gather initial ideas regarding the study; two online surveys, targeting national competent authorities (NCAs) and industry representative organisations, to capture their views and gather data; 34 qualitative interviews with various stakeholder groups in nine Member States (MS) and at EU-level; case studies on nine key study themes affecting end-of-career cows and their transportation; and a validation survey, sent to stakeholders to confirm or dispute the evidence gathered throughout the study and included in the report. The study finds that assessing the overall magnitude of the transportation of unfit end-of-career cows is difficult, due to data not being consistently collected and the illegal nature of the issue. Nevertheless, some evidence was collected indicating the issue does occur in the EU and several possible reasons for non-compliance were identified. Evidence from the desk research, surveys and interviews indicated that economic factors are a major cause explaining why unfit cows are transported. The drivers here are numerous, working through several channels. This includes the lower cost of transporting cows to slaughterhouses, compared to slaughtering on-farm (where available); the financial gain from selling the carcass, exacerbated by low returns across the EU dairy sector; and many existing sanctions being insufficient to deter illegal activity. Furthermore, social factors are found to play a role, including peer pressure among stakeholders within the supply chain and expectations regarding dairy cow welfare and lifespan (the economic model). Issues with interpretating or understanding the definition of 'unfit' were also identified, with stakeholders incorporating different factors when making the decision whether to transport a cow. In regard to mitigation measures, the study found best practice and transport guidelines are among the most common measures already in place and are viewed positively by stakeholders. Quality assurance schemes, which primarily focus on preventing cows from becoming unfit, could be further promoted by the dairy industry. NCAs frequently use cautions, warnings, and fines when cows are found to have been transported but this is uneven. Sanctions must be sufficiently large and well enforced so that stakeholders believe they will be imposed, to deter poor practice and illegal activity. There is evidence to suggest industry initiatives could be effective if combined with more stringent controls, including more frequent investigations that are not prewarned. These actions need to work alongside better awareness and training for farmers and widespread access to slaughtering on-farm. Mandatory CCTV systems could support this, although such initiatives are relatively new so evidence on their effectiveness is limited. Wider actions to address systemic issues such as the low margin economic model for milk production and a lack of information for consumers on the welfare of dairy cows should also be seen as part of addressing the problem of transporting unfit cows at end of life.
Micro-economic Models of Dutch Dairy Farms
Author: G. J. ThijssenPublisher:
ISBN:
Category : Animal breeding
Languages : en
Pages : 144
Book Description
Political Economic Analysis of Dairy Policies in the United States
Author: Mary Ann MarchantPolitical Economic Analysis of U.S. Dairy Policies and European Community Dairy Policy Comparisons
Author: Mary MarchantPublisher: Garland Publishing
ISBN:
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 288
Book Description
Essays on Pricing and Policy in the U.S. Dairy Industry
Author: Charng-Jiun YuPublisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0
Book Description
The dairy industry is one of the most important components in U.S. economy. Milk production added substantial value to the agricultural sector. In 2017, U.S. dairy farmers produced 38.1 billion dollars worth of milk. On the consumption side, Americans on average consume 244 pounds of dairy products in a year. Despite the significance of the U.S. dairy industry, several important economic issues in pricing and policy are not studied. With the improvement in data quality over the past decade, there is an emerging opportunity for empirical studies to analyze the U.S. dairy industry and provide economic insights to a more general scope. My dissertation provides empirical analysis to understand the pricing and policy issues for producers, retailers, and consumers in the U.S. dairy industry. Specifically, in the following three chapters I study the relationship between market power and farm-retail price transmission, the impact of environmental regulations on dairy farm management, and the relationship between price and perceived quality in consumer choice of cheese products. In the first chapter, I seek to understand the impact of market competitiveness on the degree of asymmetric price transmission and associated welfare implications. I estimate a kinked Almost Ideal Demand System for fluid milk products in 18 U.S. metropolitan areas. By conducting an asymmetric price transmission test, I find that cities with less competitive food retailing tend to exhibit asymmetric price transmission. The degree of price asymmetry and associated welfare loss are decreasing in the market competitiveness. The welfare analysis suggests that the welfare loss due to asymmetric price transmission is large in terms of the percentage of milk expenditures. The potential is for substantially higher future welfare loss given the ongoing consolidation in food retailing industry. In the second chapter, I quantify the impact of the Clean Water Act (CWA) on farm waste management practices of U.S. dairy concentrated animal feeding operations (CAFOs). A double-hurdle model is employed to examine how dairy farmers adjust their practices in response to the major policy revision of the CWA in 2003. Using the 2000 and 2010 Agricultural Resource Management Survey data, I find that CAFO farmers who follow the management standards of the nutrient management plan (NMP) required by the CWA are more likely to implement manure storage after the policy revision. There are, however, no significant changes in storage capacity for those who have already adopted. Furthermore, CAFOs that fail to comply with NMPs did not make significant changes in storage capacity, land application of manure, and manure removal. The results suggest a heterogenous and limited impact of the CWA on waste management practices of dairy CAFOs. In the third chapter, I examine how prices affect consumers' perception of quality and consequently their product choices using individual consumers' purchase records in the U.S. cheese market. I hypothesize that price affects product choices by two channels: (i) a "pure price" effect directly affecting the purchase cost, and (ii) a "perceived quality" effect affecting the perceived product quality. In the empirical analysis, I complement the traditional mixed logit model with the conditions of purchasing behavior and utilize the Nielsen consumer panel and retail scanner data of the U.S. cheese markets from 2012 to 2014. The results suggest a strong perceived quality effect. With a 10% increase in the price of a cheese product, the corresponding choice probability would on average decrease by 5.4%, which consists of a 13.0% decrease due to higher purchase cost and a 7.6% increase driven by higher perceived quality. For approximately 10% of the cheese products, the ratios of the perceived quality elasticity to the total price elasticity are greater than 3.69; on the lower end, the ratios are lower than 0.24 for another 10% of the products. Such a large value is indicative of a large heterogeneity of the price impact on perceived quality across products. In addition, the impact of price on perceived varies across different types of households. Finally, I find that the perceived quality effect decreases with repeat purchases. These findings have significant implications for retailers' marketing strategy, government policy, and analysis of product competition
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