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Author: Raymond Challinor Publisher: I.B. Tauris ISBN: Category : Biography & Autobiography Languages : en Pages : 320
Book Description
The making of a chartist; the rise of physical force toryism; the road to Newport; the years of uncertainty; the General Strike; the Victorian working class and the law; the battle against the bond; on the eve of battle; the Big Strike; uncle Bobby in Lancashire; politics, parliamentary and revolutionary; mid-century malaise; the collapse of chartism; back to the coalfields; the Manchester martyrs; the final tragedy and the ultimate triumph; the people's attorney - a critical appraisal.
Author: Raymond Challinor Publisher: I.B. Tauris ISBN: Category : Biography & Autobiography Languages : en Pages : 320
Book Description
The making of a chartist; the rise of physical force toryism; the road to Newport; the years of uncertainty; the General Strike; the Victorian working class and the law; the battle against the bond; on the eve of battle; the Big Strike; uncle Bobby in Lancashire; politics, parliamentary and revolutionary; mid-century malaise; the collapse of chartism; back to the coalfields; the Manchester martyrs; the final tragedy and the ultimate triumph; the people's attorney - a critical appraisal.
Author: Mark Curthoys Publisher: Oxford University Press ISBN: 0199268894 Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 295
Book Description
This is a study of how governments and their specialist advisers, in an age of free trade and the minimal state, attempted to create a viable legal framework for trade unions and strikes. It traces the collapse, in the face of judicial interventions, of the regime for collective labour devised by the Liberal Tories in the 1820s, following the repeal of the Combination Acts. The new arrangements enacted in the 1870s allowed collective labour unparalleled freedoms, contended by thenewly-founded Trades Union Congress. This book seeks to reinstate the view from government into an account of how the settlement was brought about, tracing the emergence of an official view - largely independent of external pressure - which favoured withdrawing the criminal law from peaceful industrialrelations and allowing a virtually unrestricted freedom to combine. It reviews the impact upon the Home Office's specialist advisers of contemporary intellectual trends, such as the assaults upon classical and political economy and the historicized critiques of labour law developed by Liberal writers. Curthoys offers an historical context for the major court decisions affecting the security of trade union funds, and the freedom to strike, while the views of the judges are integrated within theterms of a wider debate between proponents of contending views of 'free trade' and 'free labour'. New evidence sheds light on the considerations which impelled governments to grant trade unions a distinctive form of legal existence, and to protect strikers from the criminal law. This account of themaking of labour law affords many wider insights into the nature and inner workings of the Victorian state as it dismantled the remnants of feudalism (symbolized by the Master and Servant Acts) and sought to reconcile competing conceptions of citizenship in an age of franchise extension.After the repeal of the Combination Acts in the 1820s collective labour enjoyed limited freedoms. When this regime collapsed under judicial challenge, governments were obliged to devise a new legal framework for trade unions and strikes, enacted between 1871 and 1876. Drawing extensively upon previously unused governmental sources, this study affords many wider insights into the nature and inner workings of the mid-Victorian state, tracing the impact upon policy-makers of contemporary assaultsupon classical political economy, and of the historicized critiques of labour law developed by Liberal writers. As contending views of 'free trade' and 'free labour' came into collision, an official view was formed which favoured allowing an unrestricted freedom to combine and sought to withraw thecriminal law from peaceful industrial relations.
Author: Christopher Frank Publisher: Routledge ISBN: 1317099575 Category : History Languages : en Pages : 329
Book Description
In recent years, social and legal historians have called into question the degree to which the labour that fuelled and sustained industrialization in England was actually ’free’. The corpus of statutes known as master and servant law has been a focal point of interest: throughout the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, at the behest of employers, mine owners, and manufacturers, Parliament regularly supplemented and updated the provisions of these statutes with new legislation which contained increasingly harsh sanctions for workers who left work, performed it poorly, or committed acts of misbehaviour. The statutes were characterized by a double standard of sanctions, which treated workers’ breach of contract as a criminal offence, but offered only civil remedies for the broken promises of employers. Surprisingly little scholarship has looked into resistance to the Master and Servant laws. This book examines the tactics, rhetoric and consequences of a sustained legal and political campaign by English and Welsh trade unions, Chartists, and a few radical solicitors against the penal sanctions of employment law during the mid-nineteenth century. By bringing together historical narratives that are all too frequently examined in isolation, Christopher Frank is able to draw new conclusions about the development of the English legal system, trade unionism and popular politics of the period. The author demonstrates how the use of imprisonment for breach of a labour contract under master and servant law, and its enforcement by local magistrates, played a significant role in shaping labour markets, disciplining workers and combating industrial action in many regions of England and Wales, and further into the British Empire. By combining social and legal history the book reveals the complex relationship between parliamentary legislation, its interpretation by the high courts, and its enforcement by local officials. This work marks an important contribution to legal
Author: Douglas Hay Publisher: Univ of North Carolina Press ISBN: 9780807828779 Category : Law Languages : en Pages : 620
Book Description
Master and servant acts, the cornerstone of English employment law for more than four hundred years, gave largely unsupervised, inferior magistrates wide discretion over employment relations, including the power to whip, fine, and imprison men, women, and
Author: Edmund Heward Publisher: ISBN: Category : Biography & Autobiography Languages : en Pages : 366
Book Description
Lord Selbourne was a good House of Commons man and this experience enabled him to carry through legislation in the House of Lords when he was Lord Chancellor. He had skill in parliamentary business and political influence, but above all he had the will and determination to see reforms put into effect. The most important of those carried out by him were procedural, and included the reform of the courts of law which involved the building of new courts and introducing new rules to unify court practices; outstanding was the introduction of the originating summons in 1883. Among other reforms, there were first moves towards the registration of the title to land; conveyancing was simplified; the law of settlement was rationalised; the law of bankruptcy was improved; the first rent restrictions Act was introduced, as were new rules for the payment of solicitors; the Married Woman's Property Act went on the statute book in 1882; and the Lord Chancellor's Office became a Department of State in 1884. But the book is not just about his parliamentary career, it is a comprehensive biography covering his entire life span.
Author: Janet Greenlees Publisher: Routledge ISBN: 1351936735 Category : History Languages : en Pages : 260
Book Description
Britain and America were the first two countries with mechanised cotton manufacturing industries, the first major factory systems of production and the first major employers of women outside of the domestic environment. The combination of being new wage earners in the first trans-national industry and their public prominence as workers makes these women's role as employees significant; they set the early standard for women as waged labour, to which later female workers were compared. This book analyses how women workers influenced patterns of industrial organization and offers a new perspective on relationships between gender and work and on industrial development. The primary theme of the study is the attempt to control the work process through co-operation, coercion and conflict between women workers, their male counterparts and manufacturers. Drawing upon examples of women's subversive activities and attitudes toward the discourses of labour, the book emphasizes the variety of women's work experiences. By using this diversity of experience in a comparative way, the book reaches conclusions that challenge a variety of historical concepts, including separate spheres of influence for men and women and related economic theories, for example that women were passive players in the workplace, evolutionary theories with respect to industrial development, and business culture within and between the two industries. Overall it provides the fresh approach that highlights and explains women's agency as operatives and paid workers during industrialization.
Author: John Charlton Publisher: Pluto Press ISBN: 9780745311838 Category : Chartism Languages : en Pages : 120
Book Description
Annotation A succinct history of the Chartist movement, the first fully national struggle of working people to improve their conditions of work.
Author: Jamie L. Bronstein Publisher: Stanford University Press ISBN: 9780804734516 Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 396
Book Description
By exploring in detail land reform movements in Britain and the United States, this book transcends traditional labor history and conceptions of class to deepen our understanding of the social, political, and economic history of both countries in the nineteenth century. Although divided by their diverse experiences of industrialization, and living in countries with different amounts of available land, many working people in both Britain and the United States dreamed of free or inexpensive land to release them from the grim conditions of the 1840s: depressing, overcrowded cities, low wages or unemployment, and stifling lives. Focusing on the Chartist Land Company, the Potters Joint-Stock Emigration Society, and the American National Reform movement, this study analyses the ideas that motivated workers to turn to land reform, the creation of working-class land reform cultures and identities among both men and women, and the international communication that enabled the formation of a transatlantic movement. Though there were similarities in the ideas behind the land reform movements, in their organizational strategies, and in their relationships with other reform movements in the two countries, the authors examination of their grassroots constituencies reveals key differences. In the United States, land reformers included small proprietors as well as artisans and factory workers. In Britain, by contrast, at least a quarter of Chartist Land Company participants lived in cotton-manufacturing towns, strongholds of unpropertied workers and radical activity. When the land reform movements came into contact with the organs of the press and government, the differences in membership became crucial. The Chartist Land Company was repressed by a government alarmed at the prospect of workers autonomy, and the Potters Joint-Stock Emigration Society died the natural death of straitened finances, but the American land reform movement experienced some measure of successso much so that during the revolution in American political parties during the 1850s, land reform, once a radical issue, became a mainstream plank in the Republican platform
Author: Malcolm Chase Publisher: Manchester University Press ISBN: 1847791360 Category : History Languages : en Pages : 432
Book Description
Chartism, the mass movement for democratic rights, dominated British domestic politics in the late 1830s and 1840s. It mobilised over three million supporters at its height. Few modern European social movements, certainly in Britain, have captured the attention of posterity to quite the extent it has done. Encompassing moments of great drama, it is one of the very rare points in British history where it is legitimate to speculate how close the country came to revolution. It is also pivotal to debates around continuity and change in Victorian Britain, gender, language and identity. Chartism: A New History is the only book to offer in-depth coverage of the entire chronological spread (1838-58) of this pivotal movement and to consider its rich and varied history in full. Based throughout on original research (including newly discovered material) this is a vivid and compelling narrative of a movement which mobilised three million people at its height. The author deftly intertwines analysis and narrative, interspersing his chapters with short ‘Chartist Lives’, relating the intimate and personal to the realm of the social and political. This book will become essential reading for anyone with an interest in early Victorian Britain, specialists, students and general readers alike.
Author: Raymond Challinor
Author: Raymond Challinor
Author: Mark Curthoys
Author: Christopher Frank
Author: Paul Johnson
Author: Douglas Hay
Author: Edmund Heward
Author: Janet Greenlees
Author: John Charlton
Author: Jamie L. Bronstein
Author: Malcolm Chase