Author: Matthew L. KeeferPublisher:
ISBN:
Category : Chinook salmon
Languages : en
Pages : 47
Book Description
A Literature Review Relevant to Juvenile Fall Chinook Salmon Habitat Use, Migration Behavior, and Survival in the Lower Snake River
Author: Matthew L. KeeferPublisher:
ISBN:
Category : Chinook salmon
Languages : en
Pages : 47
Book Description
Migration and Bioenergetics of Juvenile Snake River Fall Chinook Salmon
Author: Daniel WidenerPublisher:
ISBN:
Category : Bioenergetics
Languages : en
Pages : 220
Book Description
While general patterns in the juvenile outmigration of Pacific salmon are well known, the proximate mechanisms informing migration in individuals are still poorly understood. This thesis describes a complex of individually-based bioenergetic and migration initiation models and their application to fall Chinook salmon. We used the Wisconsin bioenergetics model combined with PIT tag and temperature data to model the growth of individual fish within the rearing habitat. We then created and tested a series of mechanistic models of migration initiation using individual fish mass and growth efficiency as proximate triggers of migration. We examined the performance of these models using CPUE data and maximum likelihood optimization methods and found that the model with both fish mass and growth efficiency as possible trigger methods performed the best; we refer to this model as the Mass-Growth model. To further test this model, we then created a correlative model of migration initiation which we refer to as the Age-Growth model. We found the predictions of the Mass-Growth and Age-Growth models to be comparable. We then applied the Mass-Growth and bioenergetic models to PIT data from ocean-type and reservoir-type fall chinook to examine possible triggers that result in the two different life history strategies when fish enter Lower Granite Reservoir. Our models predicted that reservoir-type fish were more likely to initiate migration later and at smaller sizes than ocean-type fish, and that the proximate triggers for migration were more likely to be reversed for reservoir-type fish after they entered Lower Granite Reservoir. We determined that the stratified temperature regime in Lower Granite Reservoir was the primary cause of the reversal of modeled migration triggers; for this reason, we then assert that the cool-water pools in Snake and Columbia River reservoirs provide temperature refuges with favorable growing conditions that result in slower-growing fall Chinook salmon following a reservoir-type life history.
Lower Snake River Juvenile Salmon Migration Feasibility Report
Author: Distribution, Habitat Use, and Growth of Juvenile Chinook Salmon in the Metolius River Basin, Oregon
Author: Jens C. LovtangPublisher:
ISBN:
Category : Chinook salmon
Languages : en
Pages : 210
Book Description
Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) have been absent from their historic spawning and rearing grounds in the Metolius River Basin in central Oregon since 1968, when fish passage was terminated at the Pelton Round Butte Hydroelectric Project on the Deschutes River. Plans have been developed to reestablish passage of anadromous fish through the Project. However, only anecdotal evidence exists on the historic distribution of spring Chinook juveniles in the Basin. A recent approach to characterizing habitat quality for anadromous fishes in the Basin was the development of HabRate (Burke et al. In Press), which presented a relative quality rating of habitat based upon published fish-habitat relationships at the stream reach spatial scale. The present study was initiated to test the predictions of HabRate for summer rearing juvenile Chinook salmon in the Metolius Basin. Chinook salmon fry were released in the winters of 2002 and 2003, and their densities and sizes were quantified via snorkeling and fish collection in six unique study reaches in the upper Metolius River Basin. Each of these stream reaches varied in terms of temperature, habitat availability, invertebrate drift availability, and fish community composition. My observations were not consistent with the qualitative predictions of HabRate. Moreover, habitat utilization was not consistent among study reaches. Similar to other qualitative habitat rating models (e.g. Habitat Suitability Indices (Raleigh et al. 1986) and Instream Flow Incremental Methodology (Bovee 1982)), HabRate's predictions rely solely on physical habitat characteristics, with the assumption that habitat will be used consistently among stream reaches (i.e. a pool in one reach is of equal importance as a pool in another reach). My results suggest that the unique ecological setting of each study reach provides the context for understanding the patterns of growth, habitat use, and diurnal activity of juvenile Chinook salmon. The inclusion of ecological components, such as food availability, the bioenergetic constraints of temperature, and the risk of predation can make these models more biologically realistic. Growth of juvenile Chinook salmon among study reaches had a curvilinear relationship to water temperature, and was also positively related to the drift density of invertebrate biomass. In three collection seasons (fall 2002, spring 2003 and fall 2003) 41 to 69% of the variations in fork lengths were explained by a multiple regression model including temperature and invertebrate drift. Based on these findings, I present a conceptual growth capacity model based on the tenets of bioenergetics as a basis for understanding the relative quality of the habitat among stream reaches for juvenile Chinook salmon. Fish community composition can help to explain observed patterns in habitat utilization and diel activity patterns. In the study reaches that had a greater presence of adult trout (potential predators), observations of juvenile Chinook salmon in mid-channel habitat were infrequent to non-existent during the day and abundances were higher in all habitat types at night. In the study reaches with colder water temperatures, observed juvenile Chinook salmon densities were higher at night. I suggest that habitat selection and diurnal activity patterns in some study reaches are reflective of strategies taken by the fish to minimize risks of predation.
Juvenile Life History, Downstream Migration Rate, and Survival of Wild Snake River Fall Chinook Salmon
Author: William P. ConnorPublisher:
ISBN:
Category : Chinook salmon
Languages : en
Pages : 200
Book Description
An Analysis of Juvenile Chinook Salmon Outmigration Speed and Survival in Response to Habitat Features: Sacramento River from Knights Landing to Sacramento, California
Author: Natalie N McNairPublisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
Book Description
Outmigration is an important life stage for Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) survival in the Sacramento River, and yet our understanding of their behavior and needs during this time is limited. To gain a better understanding of their survival and movement rates during outmigration, late fall run Chinook salmon smolts were tracked using acoustic telemetry techniques. Habitat features were measured and quantified throughout the study area to evaluate how Chinook salmon respond to key levee features including shade, instream woody material, and aquatic vegetation. The overall average movement speed through the entire study area was 0.77 m/s with an overall survival of 86%. Based on multiple linear regressions, vegetation was found to have the largest effect on speed with fish slowing down with increased vegetation cover. Shade, river mile, and velocity also had significant effects on movement speeds, but instream woody material was not significant. The result for woody material was surprising since it was anticipated to have a large impact on movement speeds. A positive correlation was found between faster fish movement speeds and higher survival. No evidence of diel movement patterns was found after releasing the fish. These finding can help managers create sites better designed to help Chinook salmon in the Sacramento River system. Results from this paper indicate that the type of woody material being installed might not be appropriate for this life stage of salmon.
Spatial and Temporal Growth Opportunity for Juvenile Fall Chinook Salmon in the Snake and Clearwater Rivers, Idaho
Author: Katherine E. Gillies-RectorPublisher:
ISBN:
Category : Chinook salmon
Languages : en
Pages : 114
Book Description
Understanding the conditions that produce diverse salmonid migration strategies is challenging in a large river network where life history trajectories arise from multiple biotic and abiotic factors. Because early growth is closely linked to migration initiation, identifying the growth conditions experienced by individual fish at a small time scale is crucial. Here, we paired a long-term otolith dataset with a detailed bioenergetic assessment of early growth opportunity in a population of Chinook salmon to identify how growth conditions related to migration initiation. In the Snake river population of fall Chinook salmon, juveniles historically migrated their first summer, but in recent years an overwintering migration strategy has emerged. Using otolith microchemistry and microstructure analysis, we determined that a significant proportion of fish from both the Clearwater and Snake rivers overwinter and migrate the following spring. Notably, Clearwater origin fish that migrated as yearlings performed a larger proportion of their freshwater growth in natal habitat than Snake origin fish. We also found higher growth and consumption during the early growth period for fish originating in the Snake river and downstream reservoir compared to the Clearwater river, by comparing relative growth and consumption using a daily time-step bioenergetics model. The combined bioenergetics and migration analysis demonstrates that while both Snake river and Clearwater origin fish express the overwintering strategy, their relative growth in natal habitats differ. These findings suggest that the yearling migration strategy may arise from different conditions throughout the population, though the net effect is the increasing prevalence of this strategy.
Managing the Columbia River
Author: National Research Council (U.S.). Committee on Water Resources Management, Instream Flows, and Salmon Survival in the Columbia River BasinPublisher: National Academy Press
ISBN:
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 274
Book Description
Book News, Inc., Portland, OR (booknews.com).
Effects of Summer Flow Augmentation on the Migratory Behavior and Survival of Juvenile Snake River Fall Chinook Salmon; 2004-2005 Annual Report
Author: William P. ConnorPublisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 80
Book Description
This report summarizes results of research activities conducted in 2004 and years previous to aid in the management and recovery of fall Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha in the Columbia River basin. For detailed summaries, we refer the reader to the abstracts given on the second page of each chapter. The Annual Reporting section includes information provided to fishery managers in-season and post-season, and it contains a detailed summary of life history and survival statistics on wild Snake River fall Chinook salmon juveniles for the years 1992-2004. Publication is a high priority of our staff. Publication provides our results to a wide audience, and it insures that our work meets high scientific standards. The Bibliography of Published Journal Articles section provides citations for peer-reviewed papers co-authored by personnel of project 1991-02900 that were written or published from 1998 to 2005.
Monitoring the Migrations of Wild Snake River Spring/Summer Chinook Salmon Juveniles, 2003-2004 Annual Report
Author: Stephen AchordPublisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 97
Book Description
This report provides information on PIT-tagging of wild Chinook salmon parr in Idaho in 2003 and the subsequent monitoring of these fish and similarly tagged fish from Oregon. We report estimated parr-to-smolt survival and arrival timing of these fish at Lower Granite Dam, as well as interrogation data collected at several other sites throughout the Snake and Columbia River system. This research continues studies that began under Bonneville Power Administration (BPA) funding in 1991. Results from previous study years were reported by Achord et al. (1994; 1995a, b; 1996a; 1997; 1998; 2000; 2001a, b; 2002, 2003, 2004). Goals of this ongoing study are: (1) Characterize the migration timing and estimate parr-to-smolt survival of different stocks of wild Snake River spring/summer Chinook salmon smolts at Lower Granite Dam. (2) Determine whether consistent migration patterns are apparent. (3) Determine what environmental factors influence migration patterns. (4) Characterize the migration behavior and estimate survival of different wild juvenile fish stocks as they emigrate from their natal rearing areas. This study provides critical information for recovery planning, and ultimately recovery for these ESA-listed wild fish stocks. In 2003-2004, we also continued to measure water temperature, dissolved oxygen, specific conductance, turbidity, water depth, and pH at five monitoring stations in the Salmon River Basin, Idaho for the Baseline Environmental Monitoring Program. These data, along with parr/smolt migration, survival, and timing data, will help to discern patterns or characteristic relationships between fish movement/survival and environmental factors.