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Author: Publisher: ISBN: Category : Electric vehicles Languages : en Pages : 102
Book Description
Vehicle electrification is one of the emerging and potentially disruptive technologies that are being considered to reduce emissions of criteria pollutants, mobile source air toxics (MSATs), and greenhouse gases (GHGs) from motor vehicles. The TRB National Cooperative Highway Research Program's NCHRP Web-Only Document 274: Zero Emission Vehicles: Forecasting Fleet Scenarios and their Emissions Implications analyzes a set of scenarios of infrastructure development, policy changes, and cost parameters, with a suite of 49 simulations across those scenarios conducted to assess their impact on nationwide zero emission vehicle (ZEV) adoption and the corresponding levels of exhaust emissions. The model used in the scenarios analysis is a consumer choice model that estimates future sales, populations, and fuel consumption of advanced technology vehicles (ATVs), including ZEVs.
Author: Publisher: ISBN: Category : Electric vehicles Languages : en Pages : 102
Book Description
Vehicle electrification is one of the emerging and potentially disruptive technologies that are being considered to reduce emissions of criteria pollutants, mobile source air toxics (MSATs), and greenhouse gases (GHGs) from motor vehicles. The TRB National Cooperative Highway Research Program's NCHRP Web-Only Document 274: Zero Emission Vehicles: Forecasting Fleet Scenarios and their Emissions Implications analyzes a set of scenarios of infrastructure development, policy changes, and cost parameters, with a suite of 49 simulations across those scenarios conducted to assess their impact on nationwide zero emission vehicle (ZEV) adoption and the corresponding levels of exhaust emissions. The model used in the scenarios analysis is a consumer choice model that estimates future sales, populations, and fuel consumption of advanced technology vehicles (ATVs), including ZEVs.
Author: Jiayu Wang Publisher: Cambridge Scholars Publishing ISBN: 1527584607 Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 210
Book Description
This book provides a comprehensive understanding of the proposed Australian light vehicle fuel efficiency standards, and captures the economy-wide economic and environmental impacts of the policy. Its theoretical analysis of the behaviour of the household and the firm, together with the CGE simulations that use results from a detailed engineering fleet model, captures the economy-wide economic and environmental impacts of the policy, which are essential for policymakers in evaluating each policy option. The book investigates the effect of energy efficiency improvement on energy consumption, and answers the question of whether energy efficiency improvement could achieve the goal of reducing energy consumption. Furthermore, this research examines how much energy will be conserved by the proposed Australian light vehicle emissions standards in a computable general equilibrium (CGE) model. The importance of understanding the mechanism of the rebound effect on different scopes has implications for both economic theory and climate policy.
Author: Fuquan Zhao Publisher: SAE International ISBN: 0768043018 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 486
Book Description
Dr. Fuquan (Frank) Zhao and experts in the field address a broad spectrum of key research and development issues in the rapidly progressing area of near-zero-emission gasoline-powered vehicles. Written in response to the increasingly stringent emissions legislation, this book provides the reader with a concise introduction to technology developments in near-zero-emission gasoline-powered vehicles. The material reflects global technical initiatives within the automotive and research communities. In all, this book contains more than 450 pages, with nearly 200 descriptive diagrams and/or images. It will serve as a valuable desk reference and provide the basics for those who are interested in understanding this advancing technology.
Author: Binny Mathew Paul Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 404
Book Description
The first part of this thesis relies on stated and revealed preference survey results across a sample of U.S. households to first ascertain vehicle acquisition, disposal, and use patterns, and then simulate these for a synthetic population over time. Results include predictions of future U.S. household-fleet composition, use, and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions under nine different scenarios, including variations in fuel and plug-in-electric-vehicle (PHEV) prices, new-vehicle feebate policies, and land-use-density settings. The adoption and widespread use of plug-in vehicles will depend on thoughtful marketing, competitive pricing, government incentives, reliable driving-range reports, and adequate charging infrastructure. This work highlights the impacts of various directions consumers may head with such vehicles. For example, twenty-five-year simulations at gas prices at $7 per gallon resulted in the highest market share predictions (16.30%) for PHEVs, HEVs, and Smart Cars (combined) -- and the greatest GHG-emissions reductions. Predictions under the two feebate policy scenarios suggest shifts toward fuel-efficient vehicles, but with vehicle miles traveled (VMT) rising slightly (by 0.96% and 1.42%), thanks to lower driving costs. The stricter of the two feebate policies--coupled with gasoline at $5 per gallon--resulted in the highest market share (16.37%) for PHEVs, HEVs, and Smart Cars, but not as much GHG emissions reduction as the $7 gas price scenario. Total VMT values under the two feebate scenarios and low-PHEV-pricing scenarios were higher than those under the trend scenario (by 0.56%, 0.96%, and 1.42%, respectively), but only the low-PHEV-pricing scenario delivered higher overall GHG emission estimates (just 0.23% more than trend) in year 2035. The high-density scenario (where job and household densities were quadrupled) resulted in the lowest total vehicle ownership levels, along with below-trend VMT and emissions rates. Finally, the scenario involving a $7,500 rebate on all PHEVs still predicted lower PHEV market share than the $7 gas price scenario (i.e., 2.85% rather than 3.78%). The second part of this thesis relies on data from the U.S. Consumer Expenditure Survey (CEX) to estimate the welfare impacts of carbon taxes and household-level capping of emissions (with carbon-credit trading allowed). A translog utility framework was calibrated and then used to anticipate household expenditures across nine consumer goods categories, including vehicle usage and vehicle expenses. An input-output model was used to estimate the impact of carbon pricing on goods prices, and a vehicle choice model determined vehicle type preferences, along with each household's effective travel costs. Behaviors were predicted under two carbon tax scenarios ($50 per ton and $100 per ton of CO2-equivalents) and four cap-and-trade scenarios (10-ton and 15-ton cap per person per year with trading allowed at $50 per ton and $100 per ton carbon price). Results suggest that low-income households respond the most under a $100-per-ton tax but increase GHG emissions under cap-and-trade scenarios, thanks to increased income via sale of their carbon credits. High-income households respond the most across all the scenarios under a 10-ton cap (per household member, per year) and trading at $100 per ton scenario. Highest overall emission reduction (47.2%) was estimated to be under $100 per ton carbon tax. High welfare loss was predicted for all households (to the order of 20% of household income) under both the policies. Results suggest that a carbon tax will be regressive (in terms of taxes paid per dollar of expenditure), but a tax-revenue redistribution can be used to offset this regressivity. In the absence of substitution opportunities (within each of the nine expenditure categories), these results represent highly conservative (worst-case) results, but they illuminate the behavioral response trends while providing a rigorous framework for future work.
Author: Theodoros I. Zachariadis Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media ISBN: 9400721234 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 425
Book Description
This volume contains articles from leading analysts and researchers on sustainable transportation, who provide critical reflections on how automobile-related climate policies have evolved up to now in Europe and around the world, in view of the widely recognized need to substantially curb global emissions of greenhouse gases in the coming decades. Authors describe the policies which have been most effective, outline their economic and social implications, present success stories while critically reviewing less successful examples, and suggest strategies to decarbonize passenger transportation on a global scale.
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Author: James John MacKenzie
Author: Jiayu Wang
Author: Fuquan Zhao
Author: Binny Mathew Paul
Author: Theodoros I. Zachariadis
Author: Stéphane Alfred Bassène
Author: Guy Meunier
Author: Timothy Edward Lipman
Author: Miguel Jaller