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Author: National Research Council Publisher: National Academies Press ISBN: 0309179939 Category : Transportation Languages : en Pages : 77
Book Description
From a public health perspective, motor vehicle crashes are among the most serious problems facing teenagers. Even after more than six months of being licensed to drive alone, teens are two to three times more likely to be in a fatal crash than are the more experienced drivers. Crash rates are significantly higher for male drivers, and young people in the United States are at greater risk of dying or being injured in an automobile than their peers around the world. In fact, in 2003 motor vehicle crashes was the leading cause of death for youth ages 16-20 in the United States. Understanding how and why teen motor vehicle crashes happen is key to developing countermeasures to reduce their number. Applying this understanding to the development of prevention strategies holds significant promise for improving safety but many of these efforts are thwarted by a lack of evidence as to which prevention strategies are most effective. Preventing Teen Motor Crashes presents data from a multidisciplinary group that shared information on emerging technology for studying, monitoring, and controlling driving behavior. The book provides an overview of the factual information that was presented, as well as the insights that emerged about the role researchers can play in reducing and preventing teen motor crashes.
Author: Alan E. Drummond Publisher: ISBN: Category : Drinking and traffic accidents Languages : en Pages : 74
Book Description
There are potential road safety benefits to be obtained from reducing the opportunity for young drivers to be involved in road crashes, that is, by reducing their driving exposure. This report identifies a range of technical and strategic issues which are relevant to a comprehensive discussion of such measures. This is an area in which there are no 'right ' answers : ultimately, an effective, efficient and equitable balance must be reached between a range of competing objectives in order to achieve a consensus policy position on the desirability of exposure reduction measures as one method for reducing your driver crashes. Road accidents. Driving exposure reduction. Zero BAC. Nighttime driving. Occupancy restrictions. Legal drinking age. Motor vehicle power. Licensing age.
Author: Wendy A. Macdonald Publisher: ISBN: Category : Automobile drivers Languages : en Pages : 64
Book Description
This report reviews literature on young drivers' behavioural and personal characteristics in relation to their crash risk. Information is discussed within the framework of a theoretical model in which the major determinants of risk are : drivers' personal characteristics (skill, motivation) and their exposure to crash risk (both quantitative and qualitative factors). The review found that young drivers' skills are less developed than those of older drivers; research is required to define the types and amounts of experience needed to become a 'fully skilled ' driver; that young driver motivation differs in some important ways from that of older drivers; that decisions made prior to driving influence drivers' subsequent exposure to crash risk, independent of their actual driving performance; and that there is insufficient evidence to reach any clear conclusion on the issue of the 'young problem driver '. Driver behaviour. Driver skill. Attention. Risk. Driver characteristics. Motivation. Exposure. Road accidents. Driver experience.
Author: Narelle L. Haworth Publisher: ISBN: Category : Drinking and traffic accidents Languages : en Pages : 64
Book Description
A graduated licensing scheme was one of the elements of the 10 point road safety package announced by the then Prime Minister in December 1989 as part of the Federal Government's Road Safety Initiative, for adoption by States and Territories. The evaluation approach reported here comprised: Documentation of changes and the current position in th jurisdictions regarding regulation for novice drivers. A review of studies of the effects of components of Graduated Licensing Schemes. A review of studies of community and young driver attitudes to graduated licensing. A major survey of young driver knowledge, attitudes, compliance and perceptions and social costs associated with the components of graduated licensing. Driver licences. Learner driver. Drink driving. Attitudes. Young drivers.
Author: John E. Catchpole Publisher: ISBN: Category : Automobile drivers Languages : en Pages : 128
Book Description
This study investigated the relative importance of youth and lack of driving experience as contributors to the over representation of young drivers in traffic crashes. Interviews were conducted with drivers aged 16-29 to collect information on their personal characteristics, travel patterns and crash histories. After allowing for differences in exposure (time spent driving), crash involvement was found to be associated with lack of driving experience and with high levels of recklessness. Recklessness was higher amongst young drivers. Drivers who obtain a licence relatively early were no more reckless than those who are licensed when somewhat older Young males were significantly more reckless than young females but did not have higher crash risk (after controlling for exposure). Thus, skill levels may be higher among young males, compensating for their greater recklessness. Although experience was found to be more important than age in determining crash risk, the high correlaton between the two means that the issue cannot be resolved beyond all doubt. Future research should directly address the skill and motivational variables elevant to crash risk, rather than relying on experience nd age as proxies. The present study has taken an mportant step in this direction by demonstrating that ecklessness is a better predictor of young driver crash nvolvement than age. The report concludes with ecommendations for countermeasure development. Driver licences. Driver experience. Driver age. Road accidents.
Author: National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine Publisher: National Academies Press ISBN: 0309392527 Category : Transportation Languages : en Pages : 273
Book Description
There are approximately 4,000 fatalities in crashes involving trucks and buses in the United States each year. Though estimates are wide-ranging, possibly 10 to 20 percent of these crashes might have involved fatigued drivers. The stresses associated with their particular jobs (irregular schedules, etc.) and the lifestyle that many truck and bus drivers lead, puts them at substantial risk for insufficient sleep and for developing short- and long-term health problems. Commercial Motor Vehicle Driver Fatigue, Long-Term Health and Highway Safety assesses the state of knowledge about the relationship of such factors as hours of driving, hours on duty, and periods of rest to the fatigue experienced by truck and bus drivers while driving and the implications for the safe operation of their vehicles. This report evaluates the relationship of these factors to drivers' health over the longer term, and identifies improvements in data and research methods that can lead to better understanding in both areas.
Author: Hans von Holst Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media ISBN: 3642572669 Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 428
Book Description
The focus of this book is to present the latest aspects in the area of human behavior and its relation to planning of an optimal traffic safety. The contributions from authors in various disciplines such as scientists, medical practitioners, administrators and practitioners from the car industry examine how road-user behavior can cause accidents and how decision-makers from various sectors of society may influence road users' behavior. The development of modern vehicles and new traffic systems requires more sophisticated behavior and technology. New medical technologies such as improved neuropsychologic methods and descriptive mapping of behavior with imaging techniques facilitate the understanding of the anatomy and physiology of human behavior. The increased knowledge of normal and pathologic behavior contributes to strenghten primary prevention with the goal of reducing traffic accidents.
Author: Roderick McClure Publisher: ISBN: 9780957861794 Category : Accidents Languages : en Pages : 398
Book Description
Reduction in injury-related harm experienced by the community is possible. By application of the scientific disciplines to the problem of injury, we can achieve solutions to this public health problem. This is a guide to injury prevention and control. Stevenson and McEvoy at University of Sydney, McClure at Uni of Qld.
Author: National Research Council
Author: Alan E. Drummond
Author: Wendy A. Macdonald
Author: Narelle L. Haworth
Author: John E. Catchpole
Author: National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
Author: Susan P. Baker
Author: Hans von Holst
Author: Roderick McClure
Author: Arthur Goodwin
Author: