Author: Sharon Gannon
Publisher: Open Road Media
ISBN: 149766523X
Category : Health & Fitness
Languages : en
Pages : 274
Book Description
The founders of Jivamukti Yoga outline the fundamental principles of the assist, and how to apply them in practice and service to others. The benefits of both giving and receiving an assist—the extraordinary mind/body/spirit connection between yoga teacher and student—depend on knowing what an assist is, and fully understanding the method of Jivamukti itself. Though “corrections”—with teachers who fixed students’ mistakes—had evolved to “adjustments,” the world-renowned founders of the Jivamukti Yoga method recognized this still suggested that changes to one’s technique were necessary. In this book, they use “assist” to communicate the idea of two beings interacting on various levels of consciousness to bring into focus the five central tenets of Jivamukti: Shastra (or scripture), devotion, nonviolence, music, and meditation. From cultivating trust and patience to final relaxation and massage, this step-by-step, fully illustrated guide—featuring dozens of asanas—explores the giving of yoga as an art, a flowing dance of body, breath, and energy between two connected beings. Whether we receive or give, an assist is an active process in the resolution of a relationship between teacher and student, a microcosm of the flowing interrelation among all people, and all species.
Yoga Assists
Author: Sharon Gannon
Publisher: Open Road Media
ISBN: 149766523X
Category : Health & Fitness
Languages : en
Pages : 274
Book Description
The founders of Jivamukti Yoga outline the fundamental principles of the assist, and how to apply them in practice and service to others. The benefits of both giving and receiving an assist—the extraordinary mind/body/spirit connection between yoga teacher and student—depend on knowing what an assist is, and fully understanding the method of Jivamukti itself. Though “corrections”—with teachers who fixed students’ mistakes—had evolved to “adjustments,” the world-renowned founders of the Jivamukti Yoga method recognized this still suggested that changes to one’s technique were necessary. In this book, they use “assist” to communicate the idea of two beings interacting on various levels of consciousness to bring into focus the five central tenets of Jivamukti: Shastra (or scripture), devotion, nonviolence, music, and meditation. From cultivating trust and patience to final relaxation and massage, this step-by-step, fully illustrated guide—featuring dozens of asanas—explores the giving of yoga as an art, a flowing dance of body, breath, and energy between two connected beings. Whether we receive or give, an assist is an active process in the resolution of a relationship between teacher and student, a microcosm of the flowing interrelation among all people, and all species.
Publisher: Open Road Media
ISBN: 149766523X
Category : Health & Fitness
Languages : en
Pages : 274
Book Description
The founders of Jivamukti Yoga outline the fundamental principles of the assist, and how to apply them in practice and service to others. The benefits of both giving and receiving an assist—the extraordinary mind/body/spirit connection between yoga teacher and student—depend on knowing what an assist is, and fully understanding the method of Jivamukti itself. Though “corrections”—with teachers who fixed students’ mistakes—had evolved to “adjustments,” the world-renowned founders of the Jivamukti Yoga method recognized this still suggested that changes to one’s technique were necessary. In this book, they use “assist” to communicate the idea of two beings interacting on various levels of consciousness to bring into focus the five central tenets of Jivamukti: Shastra (or scripture), devotion, nonviolence, music, and meditation. From cultivating trust and patience to final relaxation and massage, this step-by-step, fully illustrated guide—featuring dozens of asanas—explores the giving of yoga as an art, a flowing dance of body, breath, and energy between two connected beings. Whether we receive or give, an assist is an active process in the resolution of a relationship between teacher and student, a microcosm of the flowing interrelation among all people, and all species.
Yoga Adjustments
Author: Mark Stephens
Publisher: North Atlantic Books
ISBN: 1583947841
Category : Health & Fitness
Languages : en
Pages : 417
Book Description
The quintessential guide to yoga assisting and hands-on teaching, Yoga Adjustments introduces the art and practice of providing yoga assists to yoga students. Addressing one of the most important topics in the yoga field, expert yoga instructor and best-selling author Mark Stephens covers the philosophy of yoga practice, the sensibilities of touch in teaching yoga and improving alignment, the seven principles of hands-on yoga teaching, and the twenty-five most effective methods of tactile cueing. An invaluable resource for all yoga teachers, teacher trainers, and serious yoga students, this book includes a foreword by yoga star Shiva Rea as well as over 850 unique instructional photos and explanatory captions demonstrating precise ways of guiding a variety of flowing sequences. Opening with an in-depth discussion of the philosophy of yoga assisting, Part I--Foundations describes the methods and techniques of giving yoga assistance, with detailed discussions of all of the elements of yoga assisting including communicating with students, qualities of touch, the five basic steps of providing hands-on cues, hands-on positioning and stance. Part II--Applications demonstrates how to assist students in each of over 100 postures in the seven families of asanas (poses). Each chapter begins with background on an asana family and close consideration of its foundation asana. Each asana is presented in a two-page spread with photos that show how to give students effective guidance and support. Part III--Evolution offers thoughts on the further development of yoga in the twenty-first century.
Publisher: North Atlantic Books
ISBN: 1583947841
Category : Health & Fitness
Languages : en
Pages : 417
Book Description
The quintessential guide to yoga assisting and hands-on teaching, Yoga Adjustments introduces the art and practice of providing yoga assists to yoga students. Addressing one of the most important topics in the yoga field, expert yoga instructor and best-selling author Mark Stephens covers the philosophy of yoga practice, the sensibilities of touch in teaching yoga and improving alignment, the seven principles of hands-on yoga teaching, and the twenty-five most effective methods of tactile cueing. An invaluable resource for all yoga teachers, teacher trainers, and serious yoga students, this book includes a foreword by yoga star Shiva Rea as well as over 850 unique instructional photos and explanatory captions demonstrating precise ways of guiding a variety of flowing sequences. Opening with an in-depth discussion of the philosophy of yoga assisting, Part I--Foundations describes the methods and techniques of giving yoga assistance, with detailed discussions of all of the elements of yoga assisting including communicating with students, qualities of touch, the five basic steps of providing hands-on cues, hands-on positioning and stance. Part II--Applications demonstrates how to assist students in each of over 100 postures in the seven families of asanas (poses). Each chapter begins with background on an asana family and close consideration of its foundation asana. Each asana is presented in a two-page spread with photos that show how to give students effective guidance and support. Part III--Evolution offers thoughts on the further development of yoga in the twenty-first century.
The Mark Stephens Yoga Adjustments Deck
Author: Mark Stephens
Publisher:
ISBN: 1623174554
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 340
Book Description
Publisher:
ISBN: 1623174554
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 340
Book Description
Yoga Posture Adjustments and Assisting
Author: Stephanie Pappas
Publisher:
ISBN: 1412233356
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
Book Description
Yoga teachers and students will cherish this unique book on the art of performing hands-on yoga posture adjustments! The book contains over 200 photos, precise instructions, and insightful suggestions.
Publisher:
ISBN: 1412233356
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
Book Description
Yoga teachers and students will cherish this unique book on the art of performing hands-on yoga posture adjustments! The book contains over 200 photos, precise instructions, and insightful suggestions.
Practice And All Is Coming
Author: Matthew Remski
Publisher: Embodied Wisdom Publishing
ISBN: 0473467712
Category : Health & Fitness
Languages : en
Pages : 458
Book Description
How do we co-create safer yoga and spiritual communities? Through dogged investigative work, careful listening to survivor stories of assault and abuse, and close analysis of the cultic mechanisms at play in the sphere of Pattabhi Jois’s Ashtanga community, Matthew Remski’s Practice and All Is Coming offers a sober view into a collective and intergenerational trauma. It also offers a clear pathway forward into enhanced critical thinking, student empowerment, self-and-other care, and community resilience. Concluding with practical tools for a world rocked by abuse revelations, Practice and All Is Coming opens a window on the possibility of healing— and even re-enchantment. While Mathew Remski is the courageous, insightful, and compassionate author of this informative, challenging, and thought-provoking book, this book is clearly a group effort. Equal parts theory, training manual, expose, and memoir, Practice and All is Coming ... is a foray into the difficult topics of personal agency, spirituality authority, and cult dynamics. In addition to his clearly articulated understanding of the problems inherent in many spiritual schools, Mathew provides hope for healing the confusion and anguish that arise in the heart of sincere practitioners when they are betrayed by the revered powers in which they have placed their trust. If you practice or teach yoga, please consider this book an essential companion on your path. Christina Sell, author of Yoga From the Inside Out, My Body is a Temple, and A Deeper Yoga.
Publisher: Embodied Wisdom Publishing
ISBN: 0473467712
Category : Health & Fitness
Languages : en
Pages : 458
Book Description
How do we co-create safer yoga and spiritual communities? Through dogged investigative work, careful listening to survivor stories of assault and abuse, and close analysis of the cultic mechanisms at play in the sphere of Pattabhi Jois’s Ashtanga community, Matthew Remski’s Practice and All Is Coming offers a sober view into a collective and intergenerational trauma. It also offers a clear pathway forward into enhanced critical thinking, student empowerment, self-and-other care, and community resilience. Concluding with practical tools for a world rocked by abuse revelations, Practice and All Is Coming opens a window on the possibility of healing— and even re-enchantment. While Mathew Remski is the courageous, insightful, and compassionate author of this informative, challenging, and thought-provoking book, this book is clearly a group effort. Equal parts theory, training manual, expose, and memoir, Practice and All is Coming ... is a foray into the difficult topics of personal agency, spirituality authority, and cult dynamics. In addition to his clearly articulated understanding of the problems inherent in many spiritual schools, Mathew provides hope for healing the confusion and anguish that arise in the heart of sincere practitioners when they are betrayed by the revered powers in which they have placed their trust. If you practice or teach yoga, please consider this book an essential companion on your path. Christina Sell, author of Yoga From the Inside Out, My Body is a Temple, and A Deeper Yoga.
Jivamukti Yoga
Author: Sharon Gannon
Publisher: Ballantine Books
ISBN: 0307486648
Category : Health & Fitness
Languages : en
Pages : 322
Book Description
The long-awaited, complete guide to the popular, vigorous American method of yoga that is deeply rooted in ancient wisdom and scriptures “In this day and age of health and fitness trends, it is assuring to know that Sharon and David encourage their students to draw inspiration from the classical texts of Yoga and timeless scriptural sources. ”—Sri Swami Satchidananda Creators of the extremely popular Jivamukti Yoga method and cofounders of the New York City studios where it is taught, Sharon Gannon and David Life present their unique style of yoga for the first time in book form. As they explain their intensely physical and spiritual system of flowing postures, they provide inspiring expert instruction to guide you in your practice. Unlike many books about yoga, Jivamukti Yoga focuses not only on the physical postures but also on how they evolved—the origins of the practices in yoga’s ancient sacred texts and five-thousand-year-old traditions—the psychotherapeutic benefits that accrue with a steady practice, and the spiritual power that is set free when energy flows throughout the mind and body. Jivamukti Yoga, which means “soul liberation,” guides your body and soul into spiritual freedom, physical strength, peace of mind, better health, and Self-realization–the ultimate goal of any practice. Gannon and Life help you understand each of the practices that comprise the yoga path to enlightenment: AHIMSA–The Way of Compassion: choosing nonviolence, respecting all life, practicing vegetarianism, living free of prejudice ASANA–The Way of Connection to the Earth: postures and sequences, breathing, transforming energy, understanding the bandhas KARMA–The Way of Action: creating good karma, giving thanks NADAM–The Way of Sacred Music: appreciating the sacred sounds of yoga MEDITATION–The Way of the Witness: how to sit still and move inward BHAKTI–The Way of Devotion to God: living with love, grace, and peace Whatever yoga you practice, Jivamukti Yoga will help you to strengthen and deepen that practice and lead you onto a path of spiritual clarity and self-discovery. “If there is only one book you read about the practice of Yoga, this should be the one. . . . This book is for anyone who wishes to find transformation through Yoga. I’m grateful for their work and teaching.”—Stephan Rechtschaffen, MD, Co-founder & CEO, Omega Institute
Publisher: Ballantine Books
ISBN: 0307486648
Category : Health & Fitness
Languages : en
Pages : 322
Book Description
The long-awaited, complete guide to the popular, vigorous American method of yoga that is deeply rooted in ancient wisdom and scriptures “In this day and age of health and fitness trends, it is assuring to know that Sharon and David encourage their students to draw inspiration from the classical texts of Yoga and timeless scriptural sources. ”—Sri Swami Satchidananda Creators of the extremely popular Jivamukti Yoga method and cofounders of the New York City studios where it is taught, Sharon Gannon and David Life present their unique style of yoga for the first time in book form. As they explain their intensely physical and spiritual system of flowing postures, they provide inspiring expert instruction to guide you in your practice. Unlike many books about yoga, Jivamukti Yoga focuses not only on the physical postures but also on how they evolved—the origins of the practices in yoga’s ancient sacred texts and five-thousand-year-old traditions—the psychotherapeutic benefits that accrue with a steady practice, and the spiritual power that is set free when energy flows throughout the mind and body. Jivamukti Yoga, which means “soul liberation,” guides your body and soul into spiritual freedom, physical strength, peace of mind, better health, and Self-realization–the ultimate goal of any practice. Gannon and Life help you understand each of the practices that comprise the yoga path to enlightenment: AHIMSA–The Way of Compassion: choosing nonviolence, respecting all life, practicing vegetarianism, living free of prejudice ASANA–The Way of Connection to the Earth: postures and sequences, breathing, transforming energy, understanding the bandhas KARMA–The Way of Action: creating good karma, giving thanks NADAM–The Way of Sacred Music: appreciating the sacred sounds of yoga MEDITATION–The Way of the Witness: how to sit still and move inward BHAKTI–The Way of Devotion to God: living with love, grace, and peace Whatever yoga you practice, Jivamukti Yoga will help you to strengthen and deepen that practice and lead you onto a path of spiritual clarity and self-discovery. “If there is only one book you read about the practice of Yoga, this should be the one. . . . This book is for anyone who wishes to find transformation through Yoga. I’m grateful for their work and teaching.”—Stephan Rechtschaffen, MD, Co-founder & CEO, Omega Institute
Yoga and Veganism
Author: Sharon Gannon
Publisher: Mandala Publishing
ISBN: 1683839226
Category : Health & Fitness
Languages : en
Pages : 304
Book Description
In Yoga and Veganism, Sharon Gannon—co-creator of the renowned Jivamukti Yoga method—weaves together a compelling exploration of the intersection between the spiritual practice of yoga, physical health, care for the planet, and a peaceful coexistence with other animals and nature. Through clear and accessible language, Gannon unpacks the wisdom of the Yoga Sutras of Patanjali, one of the oldest and most revered texts focused on the philosophy of yoga, and draws a fascinating course to greater enlightenment for the contemporary practitioner. With yama, or restraint, the Yoga Sutras outline the first step on the path to spiritual liberation through five ethical principles that help guide our relationships with the world around us: Ahimsa teaches us how to avoid personal suffering through not harming others, while satya reveals how telling the truth allows us to be better listened to. Through asteya, or nonstealing, we learn the secret of wealth. Brahmacharya reveals how refraining from sexual misconduct leads to health and vitality, and finally, aparigraha opens our eyes to the ways in which greed holds us back from true happiness and is destroying the planet. Yoga and Veganism shines a light on these five guiding principles, demonstrating how the practice of yoga is tied to an ethical vegan lifestyle, which opens the path to both physical wellness and spiritual enlightenment. Featuring a selection of delicious recipes from the author along with personal essays from individuals whose lives have been transformed by veganism—including filmmaker Kip Andersen (Cowspiracy) and activist Ingrid Newkirk (president of PETA)— Yoga and Veganism provides a framework for yoga students and teachers looking to bring their asana practice into alignment with the philosophy at the heart of the discipline, as well as with the Earth around them and all of the beings within it.
Publisher: Mandala Publishing
ISBN: 1683839226
Category : Health & Fitness
Languages : en
Pages : 304
Book Description
In Yoga and Veganism, Sharon Gannon—co-creator of the renowned Jivamukti Yoga method—weaves together a compelling exploration of the intersection between the spiritual practice of yoga, physical health, care for the planet, and a peaceful coexistence with other animals and nature. Through clear and accessible language, Gannon unpacks the wisdom of the Yoga Sutras of Patanjali, one of the oldest and most revered texts focused on the philosophy of yoga, and draws a fascinating course to greater enlightenment for the contemporary practitioner. With yama, or restraint, the Yoga Sutras outline the first step on the path to spiritual liberation through five ethical principles that help guide our relationships with the world around us: Ahimsa teaches us how to avoid personal suffering through not harming others, while satya reveals how telling the truth allows us to be better listened to. Through asteya, or nonstealing, we learn the secret of wealth. Brahmacharya reveals how refraining from sexual misconduct leads to health and vitality, and finally, aparigraha opens our eyes to the ways in which greed holds us back from true happiness and is destroying the planet. Yoga and Veganism shines a light on these five guiding principles, demonstrating how the practice of yoga is tied to an ethical vegan lifestyle, which opens the path to both physical wellness and spiritual enlightenment. Featuring a selection of delicious recipes from the author along with personal essays from individuals whose lives have been transformed by veganism—including filmmaker Kip Andersen (Cowspiracy) and activist Ingrid Newkirk (president of PETA)— Yoga and Veganism provides a framework for yoga students and teachers looking to bring their asana practice into alignment with the philosophy at the heart of the discipline, as well as with the Earth around them and all of the beings within it.
Yoga's Touch
Author: Martia Bennett Rachman
Publisher:
ISBN: 9780996020107
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
Book Description
With more than 200 color photos of 40 common yoga postures, plus detailed instructions and intuitive cues, "Yoga's Touch" is an easy-to-use reference book designed to empower you to be a more effective, versatile and confident teacher. Martia Bennett Rachman, E-RYT 500 and LMBT, has taught thousands of classes over the last 15 years and has trained hundreds of yoga teachers since 2007. Renowned for combining therapeutic touch with specific asanas to strengthen and heal the body, she has witnessed firsthand how effective hands-on adjustments can be. However, many teachers--especially new ones--shy away from giving adjustments due to lack of confidence or uncertainty about the precisions of a posture. "Yoga's Touch" is unique in that, in addition to dramatic, detailed photos of both asanas and adjustments, this easy-to-use reference book offers: * Instructions on the specifics of teaching more than 40 of the most popular yoga postures* Details on how the body works kinesthetically* Emphasis on how prana is affected in a yoga posture* Precise guidance on what and how to touch once a student is in a postureWhile other programs address one or two of those elements, Martia's signature YogaTouch Method℠ and her diverse background show the interconnectivity of all these elements, within individual postures and throughout a practice--which can be applied regardless of an instructor's teaching style or yoga lineage. This unique yet universal approach to teaching is what makes "Yoga's Touch" the definitive guide for teachers, studios, and training programs.
Publisher:
ISBN: 9780996020107
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
Book Description
With more than 200 color photos of 40 common yoga postures, plus detailed instructions and intuitive cues, "Yoga's Touch" is an easy-to-use reference book designed to empower you to be a more effective, versatile and confident teacher. Martia Bennett Rachman, E-RYT 500 and LMBT, has taught thousands of classes over the last 15 years and has trained hundreds of yoga teachers since 2007. Renowned for combining therapeutic touch with specific asanas to strengthen and heal the body, she has witnessed firsthand how effective hands-on adjustments can be. However, many teachers--especially new ones--shy away from giving adjustments due to lack of confidence or uncertainty about the precisions of a posture. "Yoga's Touch" is unique in that, in addition to dramatic, detailed photos of both asanas and adjustments, this easy-to-use reference book offers: * Instructions on the specifics of teaching more than 40 of the most popular yoga postures* Details on how the body works kinesthetically* Emphasis on how prana is affected in a yoga posture* Precise guidance on what and how to touch once a student is in a postureWhile other programs address one or two of those elements, Martia's signature YogaTouch Method℠ and her diverse background show the interconnectivity of all these elements, within individual postures and throughout a practice--which can be applied regardless of an instructor's teaching style or yoga lineage. This unique yet universal approach to teaching is what makes "Yoga's Touch" the definitive guide for teachers, studios, and training programs.
The Art of Yoga
Author: Sharon Gannon
Publisher: Stewart, Tabori and Chang
ISBN: 9781584792079
Category : Art
Languages : en
Pages : 192
Book Description
A beautiful and inspirational book, The Art of Yoga presents stunning images that capture more than 100 asanas (physical postures) as exhibited by two of the world's best known and most respected teachers of the discipline. The Jivamukti Yoga method is a style of yoga created by Sharon Gannon and David Life in 1984. It is a vigorously physical and intellectually stimulating practice leading to spiritual awareness. The name jivamukti means liberation while living. Jivamukti is one of the nine internationally recognized styles of Hatha Yoga. Gannon and Life have taught such high-profile celebrities as Sting, Madonna, and Christy Turlington, and literally thousands of students regularly attend classes at the Jivamukti Yoga Center in downtown Manhattan. The Art of Yoga represents the culmination of an almost ten-year collaboration by the authors with noted British-born photographer Martin Brading. As each of the magnificent black-and-white images captures the physical intricacy of the position, a brief accompanying text crystallizes its spiritual essence through texts from the Sanskrit.
Publisher: Stewart, Tabori and Chang
ISBN: 9781584792079
Category : Art
Languages : en
Pages : 192
Book Description
A beautiful and inspirational book, The Art of Yoga presents stunning images that capture more than 100 asanas (physical postures) as exhibited by two of the world's best known and most respected teachers of the discipline. The Jivamukti Yoga method is a style of yoga created by Sharon Gannon and David Life in 1984. It is a vigorously physical and intellectually stimulating practice leading to spiritual awareness. The name jivamukti means liberation while living. Jivamukti is one of the nine internationally recognized styles of Hatha Yoga. Gannon and Life have taught such high-profile celebrities as Sting, Madonna, and Christy Turlington, and literally thousands of students regularly attend classes at the Jivamukti Yoga Center in downtown Manhattan. The Art of Yoga represents the culmination of an almost ten-year collaboration by the authors with noted British-born photographer Martin Brading. As each of the magnificent black-and-white images captures the physical intricacy of the position, a brief accompanying text crystallizes its spiritual essence through texts from the Sanskrit.
Yoga Sequencing
Author: Mark Stephens
Publisher: North Atlantic Books
ISBN: 158394527X
Category : Health & Fitness
Languages : en
Pages : 529
Book Description
The yoga teacher’s guide to planning and sequencing yoga classes—with over 2,000 instructional photos and 67 yoga pose sequences for students of all skill levels. Also features additional resources, including yoga class planning worksheets, comprehensive glossaries, and much more! Addressing one of the most popular topics in the yoga profession, this book offers 67 model sequences of yoga poses (asanas) that cover the broad range of yoga student experience. Inside, established and aspiring yoga teachers will find: • Over 2,000 instructional photos and guide to over 150 yoga asanas • Multiple sequences for beginning, intermediate, and advanced students • Yoga sequences for kids, teens, seniors, and women across their life cycle • Yoga classes designed for relieving depression and anxiety • Sequences for each of the major chakras and ayurvedic constitutions • Guidance for teaching breathing (pranayama) and meditation techniques • Glossary of terms and alphabetical asana index with thumbnail photographs • Yoga class planning worksheets • Representative sequences from several popular styles of hatha yoga • And many more resources for further reading! Drawing on ancient yoga philosophy and contemporary insights into functional anatomy, biomechanics, and kinesiology, Yoga Sequencing is the ultimate guide teachers looking to bring the transformative power of yoga into their practice and classes.
Publisher: North Atlantic Books
ISBN: 158394527X
Category : Health & Fitness
Languages : en
Pages : 529
Book Description
The yoga teacher’s guide to planning and sequencing yoga classes—with over 2,000 instructional photos and 67 yoga pose sequences for students of all skill levels. Also features additional resources, including yoga class planning worksheets, comprehensive glossaries, and much more! Addressing one of the most popular topics in the yoga profession, this book offers 67 model sequences of yoga poses (asanas) that cover the broad range of yoga student experience. Inside, established and aspiring yoga teachers will find: • Over 2,000 instructional photos and guide to over 150 yoga asanas • Multiple sequences for beginning, intermediate, and advanced students • Yoga sequences for kids, teens, seniors, and women across their life cycle • Yoga classes designed for relieving depression and anxiety • Sequences for each of the major chakras and ayurvedic constitutions • Guidance for teaching breathing (pranayama) and meditation techniques • Glossary of terms and alphabetical asana index with thumbnail photographs • Yoga class planning worksheets • Representative sequences from several popular styles of hatha yoga • And many more resources for further reading! Drawing on ancient yoga philosophy and contemporary insights into functional anatomy, biomechanics, and kinesiology, Yoga Sequencing is the ultimate guide teachers looking to bring the transformative power of yoga into their practice and classes.