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Author: K. Zaman Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media ISBN: 940110235X Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 231
Book Description
Recent advancements in the field of asymmetric synthesis have been triggered by the challenges this field has offered to synthetic organic chemists, and the importance of preparing optically active compounds of medical value. Newly developed asymmetric organic reactions combined with improvements and novel applications of previously known reactions have created the need for this current volume. Presenting findings reported in 1991, this book covers asymmetric oxidations, reductions, carbon-- carbon bond formations, carbon--heteroatom bond formations, enzymatic hydrolysis, resolution and transesterification and miscellaneous asymmetric reactions. This book will serve as a useful reference for all researchers, scientists and students working in the field of synthetic organic chemistry.
Author: K. Zaman Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media ISBN: 940110235X Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 231
Book Description
Recent advancements in the field of asymmetric synthesis have been triggered by the challenges this field has offered to synthetic organic chemists, and the importance of preparing optically active compounds of medical value. Newly developed asymmetric organic reactions combined with improvements and novel applications of previously known reactions have created the need for this current volume. Presenting findings reported in 1991, this book covers asymmetric oxidations, reductions, carbon-- carbon bond formations, carbon--heteroatom bond formations, enzymatic hydrolysis, resolution and transesterification and miscellaneous asymmetric reactions. This book will serve as a useful reference for all researchers, scientists and students working in the field of synthetic organic chemistry.
Author: Ulrich S. Schubert Publisher: Springer Nature ISBN: 3030755983 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 462
Book Description
This book presents the synthetic methodologies as well as the properties and potential usage of various ruthenium-containing materials. Starting from the first examples of 'ruthenopolymers' reported in the 1970s to the 3D architectures now synthesized, these materials have shown their importance far beyond fundamental polymer science. As well as highlighting the remarkable properties and versatile applications, this book also addresses a key question related to the applications of such heavy-metal-containing materials from the perspective of achieving a sustainable future. This book is of interest to both materials scientists and chemists in academia and industry.
Author: Richard S. Sutton Publisher: MIT Press ISBN: 0262352702 Category : Computers Languages : en Pages : 549
Book Description
The significantly expanded and updated new edition of a widely used text on reinforcement learning, one of the most active research areas in artificial intelligence. Reinforcement learning, one of the most active research areas in artificial intelligence, is a computational approach to learning whereby an agent tries to maximize the total amount of reward it receives while interacting with a complex, uncertain environment. In Reinforcement Learning, Richard Sutton and Andrew Barto provide a clear and simple account of the field's key ideas and algorithms. This second edition has been significantly expanded and updated, presenting new topics and updating coverage of other topics. Like the first edition, this second edition focuses on core online learning algorithms, with the more mathematical material set off in shaded boxes. Part I covers as much of reinforcement learning as possible without going beyond the tabular case for which exact solutions can be found. Many algorithms presented in this part are new to the second edition, including UCB, Expected Sarsa, and Double Learning. Part II extends these ideas to function approximation, with new sections on such topics as artificial neural networks and the Fourier basis, and offers expanded treatment of off-policy learning and policy-gradient methods. Part III has new chapters on reinforcement learning's relationships to psychology and neuroscience, as well as an updated case-studies chapter including AlphaGo and AlphaGo Zero, Atari game playing, and IBM Watson's wagering strategy. The final chapter discusses the future societal impacts of reinforcement learning.
Author: Mario Telò Publisher: Routledge ISBN: 1351784986 Category : Social Science Languages : en Pages : 360
Book Description
This title was first published in 2001. This is a collection of papers that look at the structure of the global economy, and its changing paradigms over the years. The contributors look at how the classic concept of state - autonomous, sovereign and freed of all constraint - never really reflected the reality of the international scene, despite the role it has played in realist and neo-realist theory for many decades. Instead, they consider that the political, social and economic characteristics originally attributed to states seem increasingly to be expressed through regional constructs. The papers in this volume show that even within regionalism there are a variety of different models that exist, and examine five of those models: the European Union; Mercosul-Mercosur; the North American Free Trade Area (NAFTA); the Association of South East Asian Nations (ASEAN); and the South African Development Community (SADC).
Author: K. Zaman
Author: K. Zaman
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Author: Great Britain. Patent Office
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Author: Arthur James Wells
Author: Ulrich S. Schubert
Author: Richard S. Sutton
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Author: Mario Telò