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Author: Johannes Rincke Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 0
Book Description
A simple model of yardstick competition between jurisdictions is presented. Governments of jurisdictions face the alternative to choose between an old and a new policy with stochastic payoffs. The new policy is superior to the old policy in one state of the world, and inferior in the other. Governments are either benevolent, serving the interest of the voter, or rent-seeking. An equilibrium with yardstick competition is shown to exist where bad governments having a good government in their neighborhood choose the new policy more often compared to an equilibrium without relative performance evaluation. Overall, the probability of policy innovations is increased by yardstick competition. The model has a testable empirical implication saying that policy innovations should show spatial correlation.
Author: Johannes Rincke Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 0
Book Description
A simple model of yardstick competition between jurisdictions is presented. Governments of jurisdictions face the alternative to choose between an old and a new policy with stochastic payoffs. The new policy is superior to the old policy in one state of the world, and inferior in the other. Governments are either benevolent, serving the interest of the voter, or rent-seeking. An equilibrium with yardstick competition is shown to exist where bad governments having a good government in their neighborhood choose the new policy more often compared to an equilibrium without relative performance evaluation. Overall, the probability of policy innovations is increased by yardstick competition. The model has a testable empirical implication saying that policy innovations should show spatial correlation.
Author: Hugh Ward Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 0
Book Description
Organizations learning from others' successful policies become more competitive not only because their policies improve but also because they avoid the costs of policy innovation. While latecomer advantage has been widely recognized by economists, the policy diffusion literature in political science has tended to neglect the connection between learning and competition. We distinguish competitive learning from learning that is not driven by competitive pressure, or 'pure learning.' We model policy diffusion as a game played on social networks governing competitive pressure and possibilities of information transfer. We develop an empirical test for competitive learning using spatial lags, which is applied to data on the performance of larger English local authorities from 2002 to 2006. We find evidence both for competitive learning and pure learning. The sharper distinction between causal mechanisms governing diffusion and our empirical approach should be widely applicable to diffusion across international boundaries and sub-national units.
Author: Benz, Arthur Publisher: Edward Elgar Publishing ISBN: 1788119177 Category : Political Science Languages : en Pages : 200
Book Description
Multilevel governance divides powers, includes many veto players and requires extensive policy coordination among different jurisdictions. Under these conditions, innovative policies or institutional reforms seem difficult to achieve. However, while multilevel systems establish obstructive barriers to change, they also provide spaces for creative and experimental policies, incentives for learning, and ways to circumvent resistance against change. As the book explains, appropriate patterns of multilevel governance linking diverse policy arenas to a loosely coupled structure are conducive to policy innovation.
Author: Andreas Bergh Publisher: Edward Elgar Publishing ISBN: 1848441231 Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 281
Book Description
This book has much to commend it, because of the richness and diversity of the issues addressed. Indira Rajaraman, Tax Justice Focus The volume offers substantial insights into the nature of institutional competition, focusing mostly on governmental institutions, and shows the many subtleties in understanding and analyzing the role of institutions. Institutional competition is a small subset of institutional analysis, but an important one, and while the volume does cover the more familiar tax and expenditure topics, it also delves more deeply into the subject. Randall G. Holcombe, Public Choice While economists typically praise the merits of competition among market-based enterprises, they are not so sure when it comes to competition among institutions, especially governments. I am aware of no better source for thoughtful reflection on competition among institutions than the ten essays presented in this book. Richard E. Wagner, George Mason University, US Why is competition between institutions usually viewed in a negative light, when competition is considered positive in most other economic contexts? The contributors to this volume introduce new perspectives on this issue, analytically and empirically exploring reasons for this perception. Negative assessments of institutional competition emphasize that such competition may lead to a race to the bottom in terms of eroding government revenues, redistributing wealth from workers to capitalists, and limiting democracy by forcing politicians to prioritize international investment capital rather than working for their voters. In this volume, however, many of the essays draw attention to the positive learning and information effects. The contributors conclude that competition may actually lead to institutions becoming more efficient in allocating resources. Students and scholars of economics, political economy, international relations and political science will find the book s non-traditional take on institutional competition a must-read, as will policy analysts and those with an interest in taxation and welfare states.
Author: Pierre Salmon Publisher: Oxford University Press ISBN: 0190499176 Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 272
Book Description
Measuring government effectiveness is essential to ensuring accountability, as is an informed public that is willing and able to hold elected officials and policy-makers accountable. There are various forms of measurement, including against prior experience or compared to some ideal. In Yardstick Competition among Governments, Pierre Salmon argues that a more effective and insightful approach is to use common measures across a variety of countries, state, or other relevant political and economic districts. This facilitates and enables citizens comparing policy outputs in their own jurisdictions with those of others. An advantage of this approach is that it reduces information asymmetries between citizens and public officials, decreasing the costs of monitoring by the former of the latter -along the lines of principal-agent theory. These comparisons can have an effect on citizens' support to incumbents and, as a consequence, also on governments' decisions. By increasing transparency, comparisons by common yardsticks can decrease the influence of interest groups and increase the focus on broader concerns, whether economic growth or others. Salmon takes up complicating factors such as federalism and other forms of multi-level governance, where responsibility can become difficult to disentangle and accountability a challenge. Salmon also highlights the importance of publics with heterogeneous preferences, including variations in how voters interpret their roles, functions, or tasks. This results in the coexistence within the same electorate of different types of voting behavior, not all of them forward-looking. In turn, when incumbents face such heterogeneity, they can treat the response to their decisions as an aggregate non-strategic relation between comparative performance and expected electoral support. Combining theoretical, methodological, and empirical research, Salmon demonstrates how yardstick competition among governments, a consequence of the possibility that citizens look across borders, is a very significant, systemic dimension of governance both at the local and at the national levels.
Author: Robert P. Inman Publisher: Princeton University Press ISBN: 0691253978 Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 448
Book Description
"Federalism, defined generally as a collection of self-governing regions under a central government, is widely viewed as a sensible choice of polity both for emerging democracies and for established states. But while federal institutions are positively correlated with valued economic, democratic, and justice outcomes, ultimately it is unclear how they are connected and which cause which. In Democratic Federalism, Robert Inman and Daniel Rubinfeld explore how federalism works and propose concrete and proven policy guidance on how federalist policies can be designed and implemented successfully. The authors define federalism according to three parameters: how much federal revenue comes through local governmental bodies, the number of local governmental bodies, and the extent to which these local bodies are represented federally. In applying these parameters to economic concepts and theory, Inman and Rubinfeld explain how federalism works in a way meant to engage scholars in political science and sociology and policymakers drafting regulation in federalist governments. The book offers applicable ideas and comparative case studies on how to assess potential policies and how to actually design federalist institutions from scratch. Both authors have real experience with both, most notably in their work advising the South African government on how to build a federalist democracy. This book will be an essential guide to understanding and applying federalist concepts and principles"--
Author: Loren Brandt Publisher: Cambridge University Press ISBN: 1108480993 Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 529
Book Description
Openness and competition sparked major advances in Chinese industry. Recent policy reversals emphasizing indigenous innovation seem likely to disappoint.
Author: Frank Fichert Publisher: LIT Verlag Münster ISBN: 3825802310 Category : Antitrust law Languages : en Pages : 300
Book Description
The promotion of competition in Europe's network industries has been in the foreground of economic policy in recent years. Network industries have undergone dramatic changes, involving privatisation, liberalisation and de- as well as re-regulation. But there are still many unresolved problems in both economic policy as well as economic research. Hence, a vivid exchange between academics and policy makers has emerged to find the optimal framework for these industries. This volume contributes to this discussion, containing several papers on various network industries.
Author: Peter Bernholz Publisher: Routledge ISBN: 1134086555 Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 394
Book Description
Organized, readable, technically sound and comprehensive from both theoretical and empirical standpoints, this book summarizes a vast amount of institutional, historical and descriptive detail.Using case studies from the US, Canada, Germany and Switzerland as well as the European Union and the global economy, this is the first book of its kind to e
Author: Johannes Rincke
Author: Johannes Rincke
Author: Hugh Ward
Author: 
Author: Benz, Arthur
Author: Andreas Bergh
Author: Pierre Salmon
Author: Robert P. Inman
Author: Loren Brandt
Author: Frank Fichert
Author: Peter Bernholz