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Author: E.P. Bertin Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media ISBN: 1461344166 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 1098
Book Description
Since the first edition of this book was published early in 1970, three major developments have occurred in the field of x-ray spectrochemical analysis. First, wavelength-dispersive spectrometry, in 1970 already securely established among instrumental analytical methods, has matured. Highly sophisticated, miniaturized, modular, solid-state circuitry has replaced elec tron-tube circuitry in the readout system. Computers are now widely used to program and control fully automated spectrometers and to store, process, and compute analytical concentrations directly and immediately from ac cumulated count data. Matrix effects have largely yielded to mathematical treatment. The problems associated with the ultralong-wavelength region have been largely surmounted. Indirect (association) methods have extended the applicability of x-ray spectrometry to the entire periodic table and even to certain classes of compounds. Modern commercial, computerized, auto matic, simultaneous x-ray spectrometers can index up to 60 specimens in turn into the measurement position and for each collect count data for up to 30 elements and read out the analytical results in 1--4 min-all corrected for absorption-enhancement and particle-size or surface-texture effects and wholly unattended. Sample preparation has long been the time-limiting step in x-ray spectrochemical analysis. Second, energy-dispersive spectrometry, in 1970 only beginning to assume its place among instrumental analytical methods, has undergone phenomenal development and application and, some believe, may supplant wavelength spectrometry for most applications in the foreseeable future.
Author: E.P. Bertin Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media ISBN: 1461344166 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 1098
Book Description
Since the first edition of this book was published early in 1970, three major developments have occurred in the field of x-ray spectrochemical analysis. First, wavelength-dispersive spectrometry, in 1970 already securely established among instrumental analytical methods, has matured. Highly sophisticated, miniaturized, modular, solid-state circuitry has replaced elec tron-tube circuitry in the readout system. Computers are now widely used to program and control fully automated spectrometers and to store, process, and compute analytical concentrations directly and immediately from ac cumulated count data. Matrix effects have largely yielded to mathematical treatment. The problems associated with the ultralong-wavelength region have been largely surmounted. Indirect (association) methods have extended the applicability of x-ray spectrometry to the entire periodic table and even to certain classes of compounds. Modern commercial, computerized, auto matic, simultaneous x-ray spectrometers can index up to 60 specimens in turn into the measurement position and for each collect count data for up to 30 elements and read out the analytical results in 1--4 min-all corrected for absorption-enhancement and particle-size or surface-texture effects and wholly unattended. Sample preparation has long been the time-limiting step in x-ray spectrochemical analysis. Second, energy-dispersive spectrometry, in 1970 only beginning to assume its place among instrumental analytical methods, has undergone phenomenal development and application and, some believe, may supplant wavelength spectrometry for most applications in the foreseeable future.
Author: Rudolf Muller Publisher: Springer ISBN: 9781468417999 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 326
Book Description
In recent years the x-ray fluorescence technique has become increasingly important in modern analysis and production control; it can be classified as a spectroscopical method for the determination of the elemental com position. Many articles treat this method; however, there exists no modern textbook suitable for the beginner as well as the practician and theoretician. In this monograph the author intends to fill this need to present the prin ciples of x-ray fluorescence analysis and to develop a theoretical under standing of the technique. Both principles and theory w.ill be treated exten sively, for they are the basis for successful practical application of the method. X-ray fluorescence, on the other hand, is often carried out exclusively because of its practical usefulness. For this reason theoretical investigations are used exclusively as a basis for practical work and the multitude of applications, which constitute the value of the x-ray fluores cence method, will be explained on the basis of simple theory. The idea to write this monograph originated and developed when efforts to train coworkers required a more complete treatise. I would like to thank the elBA Aktiengesellschaft in Basel, where this work originated, for generous support and permission to publish the book. The head of the Physics Department, Dr. E. Ganz, and my colleagues have contributed to this book by providing a stimulating working atmosphere. I am grateful to my associates, in particular Messrs. E. Eng, S. Gasser, and H. R.
Author: Rudolf Muller Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media ISBN: 1468417975 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 328
Book Description
In recent years the x-ray fluorescence technique has become increasingly important in modern analysis and production control; it can be classified as a spectroscopical method for the determination of the elemental com position. Many articles treat this method; however, there exists no modern textbook suitable for the beginner as well as the practician and theoretician. In this monograph the author intends to fill this need to present the prin ciples of x-ray fluorescence analysis and to develop a theoretical under standing of the technique. Both principles and theory w.ill be treated exten sively, for they are the basis for successful practical application of the method. X-ray fluorescence, on the other hand, is often carried out exclusively because of its practical usefulness. For this reason theoretical investigations are used exclusively as a basis for practical work and the multitude of applications, which constitute the value of the x-ray fluores cence method, will be explained on the basis of simple theory. The idea to write this monograph originated and developed when efforts to train coworkers required a more complete treatise. I would like to thank the elBA Aktiengesellschaft in Basel, where this work originated, for generous support and permission to publish the book. The head of the Physics Department, Dr. E. Ganz, and my colleagues have contributed to this book by providing a stimulating working atmosphere. I am grateful to my associates, in particular Messrs. E. Eng, S. Gasser, and H. R.
Author: H. A. Liebhafsky Publisher: John Wiley & Sons ISBN: Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 674
Book Description
Generation and properties of x-rays; The measurement of x-ray intensity, x-ray detectors, and detector systems energy resolution; Absorptiometry with x-rays; x-ray spectra; The selection of x-ray wavelengths; x-ray diffraction in chemical analysis; Measurement of film thickness simple trace determinations; Reliability of x-ray emission spectrography statistical considerations; X-ray emission spectrography; Equipment and selected applications.
Author: Burkhard Beckhoff Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media ISBN: 3540367225 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 897
Book Description
X-Ray fluorescence analysis is an established technique for non-destructive elemental materials analysis. This book gives a user-oriented practical guidance to the application of this method. The book gives a survey of the theoretical fundamentals, analytical instrumentation, software for data processing, various excitation regimes including gracing incidents and microfocus measurements, quantitative analysis, applications in routine and micro analysis, mineralogy, biology, medicine, criminal investigations, archeology, metallurgy, abrasion, microelectronics, environmental air and water analysis. This book is the bible of X-Ray fluorescence analysis. It gives the basic knowledge on this technique, information on analytical equipment and guides the reader to the various applications. It appeals to researchers, analytically active engineers and advanced students.
Author: James D. Ingle Publisher: ISBN: Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 614
Book Description
A Sr/Grad-level text on analytical spectrometric methods. Emphasizes general principles and quantitative expressions for signals and signal-to-noise ratio. Instrumentation methodology and performance characteristics for all major optical, atomic, and molecular techniques are discussed.
Author: P.J. Potts Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media ISBN: 940153988X Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 633
Book Description
without an appreciation of what happens in between. The techniques available for the chemical analysis of silicate rocks have undergone a revolution over the last 30 years. However, to use an analytical technique most effectively, No longer is the analytical balance the only instrument used it is essential to understand its analytical characteristics, in for quantitative measurement, as it was in the days of classi particular the excitation mechanism and the response of the cal gravimetric procedures. A wide variety of instrumental signal detection system. In this book, these characteristics techniques is now commonly used for silicate rock analysis, have been described within a framework of practical ana lytical aplications, especially for the routine multi-element including some that incorporate excitation sources and detec tion systems that have been developed only in the last few analysis of silicate rocks. All analytical techniques available years. These instrumental developments now permit a wide for routine silicate rock analysis are discussed, including range of trace elements to be determined on a routine basis. some more specialized procedures. Sufficient detail is In parallel with these exciting advances, users have tended included to provide practitioners of geochemistry with a firm to become more remote from the data production process. base from which to assess current performance, and in some This is, in part, an inevitable result of the widespread intro cases, future developments.
Author: Herman Winick Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media ISBN: 1461579988 Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 767
Book Description
This book has grown out of our shared experience in the development of the Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory (SSRL), based on the electron-positron storage ring SPEAR at the Stanford Linear Accelerator Center (SLAC) starting in Summer, 1973. The immense potential of the photon beam from SPEAR became obvious as soon as experiments using the beam started to run in May, 1974. The rapid growth of interest in using the beam since that time and the growth of other facilities using high-energy storage rings (see Chapters 1 and 3) demonstrates how the users of this source of radiation are finding applications in an increasingly wide variety of fields of science and technology. In assembling the list of authors for this book, we have tried to cover as many of the applications of synchrotron radiation, both realized already or in the process of realization, as we can. Inevitably, there are omissions both through lack of space and because many projects are at an early stage. We thank the authors for their efforts and cooperation in producing what we believe is the most comprehensive treatment of synchrotron radiation research to date.
Author: Eugene P. Bertin Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media ISBN: 1489922040 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 494
Book Description
X-ray fluorescence spectrometry has been an established, widely practiced method of instrumental chemical analysis for about 30 years. However, although many colleges and universities offer full-semester courses in optical spectrometric methods of instrumental analysis and in x-ray dif fraction, very few offer full courses in x-ray spectrometric analysis. Those courses that are given are at the graduate level. Consequently, proficiency in this method must still be acquired by: self-instruction; on-the-job training and experience; "workshops" held by the x-ray instrument manu facturers; the one- or two-week summer courses offered by a few uni versities; and certain university courses in analytical and clinical chemistry, metallurgy, mineralogy. geology, ceramics. etc. that devote a small portion of their time to applications of x-ray spectrometry to those respective disciplines. Moreover, with all due respect to the books on x-ray spectrometric analysis now in print, in my opinion none is really suitable as a text or manual for beginners in the discipline. In 1968, when I undertook the writing of the first edition of my previous book, Principles and Practice of X-Ray Spectrometric Analysis,* my objective was to provide a student text. However, when all the material was compiled, I decided to provide a more comprehensive book, which was also lacking at that time. Although that book explains principles, instrumentation, and methods at the begin ner's level, this material is distributed throughout a mass of detail and more advanced material.
Author: E.P. Bertin
Author: E.P. Bertin
Author: Rudolf Muller
Author: Rudolf Muller
Author: H. A. Liebhafsky
Author: Burkhard Beckhoff
Author: James D. Ingle
Author: L. S. Birks
Author: P.J. Potts
Author: Herman Winick
Author: Eugene P. Bertin