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Author: Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 172
Book Description
X-ray resonant Raman scattering presents great promise as a high-resolution spectroscopic probe of the electronic structure of matter. Unlike other methods, the technique avoids the loss of energy resolution resulting from the lifetime broadening of short-lived core-excited states. In addition, measurements of polarization and angular anisotropies yield information on the symmetries of electronic states of atoms and molecules. We studied the L3 edge of xenon, where the lifetime broadening is a major feature of the spectra recorded previously. X-ray fluorescence spectra were taken of both the L[alpha]{sub l,2} and L[beta]{sub 2,15} peaks over a range of energies from 10 eV below the edge to 40 eV above. These spectra show the evolution of resonant Raman scattering into characteristic fluorescence as the photon energy is scanned across the edge, and confirm several features of these spectra such as asymmetries in resonant peak shapes due to the onset of the ionization continuum. These results constitute the most comprehensive study of X-ray resonant Raman scattering to date, and were submitted for publication. Studies of other cases are under way, and new instruments that would match the unique characteristics of the APS - and thus render a new range of experiments possible - are under consideration.
Author: Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 172
Book Description
X-ray resonant Raman scattering presents great promise as a high-resolution spectroscopic probe of the electronic structure of matter. Unlike other methods, the technique avoids the loss of energy resolution resulting from the lifetime broadening of short-lived core-excited states. In addition, measurements of polarization and angular anisotropies yield information on the symmetries of electronic states of atoms and molecules. We studied the L3 edge of xenon, where the lifetime broadening is a major feature of the spectra recorded previously. X-ray fluorescence spectra were taken of both the L[alpha]{sub l,2} and L[beta]{sub 2,15} peaks over a range of energies from 10 eV below the edge to 40 eV above. These spectra show the evolution of resonant Raman scattering into characteristic fluorescence as the photon energy is scanned across the edge, and confirm several features of these spectra such as asymmetries in resonant peak shapes due to the onset of the ionization continuum. These results constitute the most comprehensive study of X-ray resonant Raman scattering to date, and were submitted for publication. Studies of other cases are under way, and new instruments that would match the unique characteristics of the APS - and thus render a new range of experiments possible - are under consideration.
Author: David L Ederer Publisher: World Scientific ISBN: 9814547255 Category : Languages : en Pages : 248
Book Description
The Raman Emission by X-rays (REX-I) Workshop focused on Raman Scattering of x-rays mostly from Synchrotron Radiation Sources. The advent of new high brightness sources of x-ray radiation has given new impetus to this tantalizing technique that has offered ways of obtaining new insights into the atomic and electronic structure of solids and gases, but which has been limited by weak sources of excitation. In the last five years, Raman scattering by x-rays has been observed an ubiquitous phenomena. It has been applied to yield new information about the band structure of solids and about the electronic structure of atoms. It was the object of this workshop to identify and define key issues in this rapidly developing subfield of x-ray physics by gathering together a group of theorists and experimentalists, and by providing overlap between atomic and condensed matter physics. The workshop aimed to achieve this end by providing an environment to discuss the latest developments and to initiate cross fertilization in the difference areas.
Author: Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 13
Book Description
My early observation of Raman scattering came as a serendipitous by-product of our efforts to achieve the best possible signal for x-ray fluorescent analysis. We were also investigating the x-ray spectrum produced by a monochromatic x-ray beam striking metal targets which might contribute to the inelastic background. This background could contaminate the very weak diffusively distributed elastically scattered radiation associated with defects in the perfect periodicity of crystals. Energy analysis of the x-ray spectra created by monochromatic Cu K{sub {alpha}} and Mo K{sub {alpha}} radiation impinging on highly pure metal targets showed an inelastically scattered intensity related to the energy difference between the exciting radiation and the nearest bound state. Confirmation of these observations and availability of synchrotron radiation has led to wide application of this new x-ray spectroscopy in atomic physics including its use as a probe of the unoccupied density of states.
Author: Piter Sybren Miedema Publisher: ISBN: Category : Science Languages : en Pages :
Book Description
The Raman effect in the X-ray wavelength regime as applied to spectroscopy is described in this chapter: The concepts of these X-ray Raman spectroscopies, (nonresonant) X-ray Raman spectroscopy, and resonant X-ray Raman spectroscopy, better known under the name resonant inelastic X-ray scattering, have been shortly described, and this chapter further focuses on (why) using these spectroscopic methods by showing some current applications of these techniques. As well, some possible future applications are mentioned.
Author: Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 34
Book Description
Inelastic x-ray scattering and elastic x-ray scattering are fundamentally related processes. When the x-ray photon energy is near the ionization threshold for an inner shell, the inelastic channel is dominated by resonant x-ray Raman scattering. Studies of this emission not only illuminate the resonant scattering process in general, they also point to new opportunities for spectral studies of electronic structure using x-rays. Atoms in the form of a free gas provide an ideal target for testing the current theoretical understanding of resonant x-ray Raman scattering. In addition, x-ray scattering from molecular gases demonstrates the effect of bonding symmetry on the polarization and angular distribution of the scattered x-rays. Comparisons of experimental data with theory demonstrate both the successes and limitations of simple, single-electron interpretations of the scattering process.
Author: P Carey Publisher: Elsevier ISBN: 0323158129 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 277
Book Description
Biochemical Applications of Raman and Resonance Raman Spectroscopies focuses on the application of Raman and resonance Raman spectroscopies to biochemical problems. The book reviews biological systems and details the application of Raman spectroscopy to biological molecules such as proteins, nucleic acids, and lipids. It also looks at codevelopments of lasers, optics, and electronics that drive advances in experimental Raman spectroscopy, along with the important ramifications of these advances for biochemical applications. This volume is organized into eight chapters and begins with an overview of the theoretical and experimental aspects of Raman spectroscopy, including a very brief explanation of what Raman and resonance Raman spectroscopies are and a discussion of their advantages and disadvantages for biochemical studies. The explanation of the Raman and resonance Raman effects is taken up in more detail in the next chapter, which develops the concept of the vibrational motions of molecules by initially considering mechanical ""ball and spring"" models and goes on to use this concept to formulate a classical model for Raman scattering. The resonance Raman effect is then described by another model which emphasizes the discrete or quantized energy levels available to a molecule. The reader is also introduced to the experimental aspects of Raman spectroscopy and the application of Raman spectroscopy across the entire field of biochemistry. Each chapter contains an outline of the basic chemistry and biochemical nomenclature involved. This book will be of interest to chemists, biochemists, and spectroscopists, as well as graduate students and experienced research workers.
Author: Eberhard J. Jaeschke Publisher: Springer ISBN: 9783319143934 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 0
Book Description
Hardly any other discovery of the nineteenth century did have such an impact on science and technology as Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen’s seminal find of the X-rays. X-ray tubes soon made their way as excellent instruments for numerous applications in medicine, biology, materials science and testing, chemistry and public security. Developing new radiation sources with higher brilliance and much extended spectral range resulted in stunning developments like the electron synchrotron and electron storage ring and the freeelectron laser. This handbook highlights these developments in fifty chapters. The reader is given not only an inside view of exciting science areas but also of design concepts for the most advanced light sources. The theory of synchrotron radiation and of the freeelectron laser, design examples and the technology basis are presented. The handbook presents advanced concepts like seeding and harmonic generation, the booming field of Terahertz radiation sources and upcoming brilliant light sources driven by laser-plasma accelerators. The applications of the most advanced light sources and the advent of nanobeams and fully coherent x-rays allow experiments from which scientists in the past could not even dream. Examples are the diffraction with nanometer resolution, imaging with a full 3D reconstruction of the object from a diffraction pattern, measuring the disorder in liquids with high spatial and temporal resolution. The 20th century was dedicated to the development and improvement of synchrotron light sources with an ever ongoing increase of brilliance. With ultrahigh brilliance sources, the 21st century will be the century of x-ray lasers and their applications. Thus, we are already close to the dream of condensed matter and biophysics: imaging single (macro)molecules and measuring their dynamics on the femtosecond timescale to produce movies with atomic resolution.
Author: Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 15
Book Description
We discuss resonant Raman Scattering in atoms within the context of conservation of energy, arguing that energy conservation determines the principal features of spectra taken at a resolution comparable to the natural widths of the transitions involved. Example systems applicable to atoms or solids are calculated using the model by Tulkki and Aberg, and the model is discussed in terms of energy conservation. Finally, results for X-ray resonant Raman scattering in Xe and Auger resonant Raman scattering in Ar are presented and the two processes are contrasted.
Author: Alessandro Scordo Publisher: MDPI ISBN: 3039213172 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 144
Book Description
Since their discovery in 1895, the detection of X-rays has had a strong impact on and various applications in several fields of science and human life. Impressive efforts have been made to develop new types of detectors and new techniques, aiming to obtain higher precision both in terms of energy and position. Depending on the applications, solid state detectors, microcalorimeters, and various types of spectrometers currently serve as the best options for spectroscopic and imaging detectors. Recent advancements in micron and meV precision have opened the door for groundbreaking applications in fundamental physics, medical science, astrophysics, cultural heritage, and several other fields. The aim of this Special Issue is to compile an overview, from different communities and research fields, of the most recent developments in X-ray detection and their possible impacts in various sectors, such as in exotic atom measurements, quantum physics studies, XRF, XES, EXAFS, plasma emission spectroscopy, monochromators, synchrotron radiation, telescopes, and space engineering. All the papers included in this Special Issue contribute to emphasizing the importance of X-ray detection in a very broad range of physics topics; most of these topics are covered by the published works, and several others are mentioned in the paper references, providing an interesting and very useful synopsis, from a variety of different communities and research fields, of the most recent developments in X-ray detection and their impact in fundamental research and societal applications.
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Author: David L Ederer
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Author: Piter Sybren Miedema
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Author: P Carey
Author: Eberhard J. Jaeschke
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Author: Alessandro Scordo