Author: Choo Suan Tan Publisher: ISBN: Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 430
Book Description
As part of a study of characteristics of the poor and the ultra-poor at nutritional risks, this paper reviews the evidence on participation rates, duration of work, and rewards per period worked - both as they interact to form average labor income and as they vary in time and space. Labor markets impose interlocking and cumulative disadvantage on the poor: crude participation rates are reduced by high dependency ratios, illness, and other factors; as the poor increasingly rely on wage income, labor duration is cut by unemployment; and wage rates are kept low for the poor by lack of skills, of mobility, and of good health. These disadvantages interact, and fluctuations in participation rates, in employment, and in wage rates are positively correlated and worse for the poor. Other features over-represented among the poor are also correlated with lower participation rates, labor duration, and/or employment. The evidence indicates that redistribution of access to physical and human assets may be needed to enable poor people to compete fairly, even in perfect labor markets.
Author: Colin Barlow Publisher: Routledge ISBN: 1317829123 Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 401
Book Description
Despite the fact that Rubber is one of the world's major commodities, surprispingly little has been written about hte the subject. First published in 1994, The World Rubber Industry seeks to redress this deficiency. It presents information in a clear and accessible manner, with numerous tables and illustrations, and an extensive glossary. This is a comprehensive and definitive analysis of one of the world's major and most essential commodities.
Author: M.R. Sethuraj Publisher: Elsevier ISBN: 0444597808 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 623
Book Description
No other book on natural rubber covers such a broad spectrum of subjects as this unique publication. Subjects related to the biology, cultivation and technology of natural rubber are dealt with, along with such important aspects as its history, production and processing, through to its sophisticated engineering applications. Every chapter follows a monograph style of presentation, with comprehensive citations and depth of treatment. Contributions from highly experienced, and still active, renowned scientists reflect the truly international effort to the development of this commodity. In addition to the wealth of information presented, most of the chapters contain elaborate lists of earlier contributions in the respective fields; one chapter each has been included on rubber wood, ancillary products and guayule.
Author: Walter C. Labys Publisher: Taylor & Francis ISBN: 1003846718 Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 222
Book Description
Originally published in 1984 this book remains as relevant as when it was first published. At that time the oil crises of the 1970s and the growing international debt burden highlighted the extent to which events in primary commodity markets continue to influence the economies of developing and industrialized economies alike. Commodity modelling has become a valuable tool in efforts to predict and understand the behaviour of commodity markets and thereby reduce their fluctuations. This book provides an overview of the nature of the different types of commodity model as well as their diverse applications. In non-technical language the reader is introduced to the underlying modelling methodologies, including their advantages, limitations and commodity specific implications. The book will be of interest to commodity economists, traders and analysts, economic planners and those involved in agricultural, mineral and energy modelling.
Author: Andrew Schmitz Publisher: World Bank Publications ISBN: 9780821304150 Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 108
Book Description
This essay attempts to clarify and simplify the results of the literature on price stabilization in order to provide a better sense of the conditions under which commodity stabilization schemes will be successful and the welfare effects of such schemes. After introducing the early framework under which price stabilization was analyzed, the paper demonstrates the variance of results under alternative and more realistic situations. It treats topics such as storage and food security, inflation and economic development, public storage and futures markets, and non-storable goods. The conclusions are: (i) some countries may lose from price stabilization even though there is a net global gain; (ii) liberalized trade reduces the need for buffer stocks; (iii) futures markets reduce instability at a lower cost than buffer stocks; (iv) many national price stabilization schemes are actually price support systems used to improve farmers' incomes; (v) good price forecasting is a prerequisite to well-managed buffer stocks; (vi) price stability in poorer countries is not sufficient to avoid occasional food shortages; and (vii) food is costly to store and may not alleviate famine if transportation and distribution systems are inadequate.
Author: Gbadebo Olusegun Odularu Publisher: Universal-Publishers ISBN: 1599427036 Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 199
Book Description
In as much as trade fosters economic development, it also exacerbates poverty, especially in the sub Saharan African (SSA) countries. Against this backdrop, this study will increase our understanding of the estimation of non-oil commodity trade flows between Nigeria and the U.S. More specifically, the study aims to analysing the impact of African Growth Opportunity Act (AGOA) on the U.S. imports of non-oil products from Nigeria. The research objectives are woven around the following questions: - What is the nature of Nigeria's and the U.S.'s foreign trade policies with particular reference to non-oil trade? - What are the patterns, magnitude, composition and trends in Nigeria-US non-oil trade? - Which economic sectors possess greatest potential for fostering trade in the non-oil sector between Nigeria and the U.S.? - What is the impact of AGOA on the diversification and growth of non-oil exports in Nigeria? This study adopts the difference-in-differences (DiD) as the research methodology. Within the Nigerian context, DiD intuitively compares the trends in imports of AGOA non-oil products before and after AGOA with the pattern of imports of non-AGOA non-oil products before and after AGOA, controlling for the timing of AGOA, import capacity and economic performance of both U.S. and Nigeria. Using the World Trade Organisation (WTO) Integrated Data Base (IDB), the empirical analysis reveals that AGOA non-oil products increased by as much as 182 percent with the implementation of AGOA, while the non-AGOA non-oil products fell by 76 percent. Conclusively, AGOA has had a considerably positive impact on the Nigerian non-oil sector at the general level. The policy implication of the empirical analysis is the need for the U.S. to expand the product coverage and opportunities of AGOA non-oil products in order for AGOA to achieve its objectives of using trade as a potent tool for promoting economic growth in SSA.
Author: Roland Herrmann Publisher: Taylor & Francis ISBN: 1000869954 Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 271
Book Description
Originally published in 1993, this book provides an excellent analysis of commodity policies internationally during the late 20th Century. It discusses 2 major methods of market regulation: price stabilization – based on buffer stocks or export quotas – and compensatory finance. The authors analyse whether major commodity policies have reached their primary objectives and to what extent they have had economic side effects. Discussion of more general policy issues centres around three international commodity agreements for coffee, rubber and cocoa. The authors also look at the policies adopted by individual nations to regulate commodity trading and assess to what extent they have reached their objectives. A discussion of the intervention of the International Monetary Fund and STABEX assesses the degree of stability they can provide in a highly volatile and variable environment. Nearly 30 years later, volatile world commodity markets are still a major issue in the policy dialogue. Although topics, policy instruments and concepts have changed, this book remains a fundamental contribution to the study of international commodity policy. It will be of great interest to students of commodity policy and economic development and economists in national and international organizations dealing with market stabilization.
Author: Choo Suan Tan
Author: Colin Barlow
Author: M.R. Sethuraj
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Author: Walter C. Labys
Author: Andrew Schmitz
Author: Gbadebo Olusegun Odularu
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Author: 
Author: Roland Herrmann