Environmental Impacts of Wind-Energy Projects PDF Download

Author: National Research Council
Publisher: National Academies Press
ISBN: 0309108349
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 395

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Book Description
The generation of electricity by wind energy has the potential to reduce environmental impacts caused by the use of fossil fuels. Although the use of wind energy to generate electricity is increasing rapidly in the United States, government guidance to help communities and developers evaluate and plan proposed wind-energy projects is lacking. Environmental Impacts of Wind-Energy Projects offers an analysis of the environmental benefits and drawbacks of wind energy, along with an evaluation guide to aid decision-making about projects. It includes a case study of the mid-Atlantic highlands, a mountainous area that spans parts of West Virginia, Virginia, Maryland, and Pennsylvania. This book will inform policy makers at the federal, state, and local levels.

Author: Thomas Ackermann
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 111994208X
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 1132

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Book Description
The second edition of the highly acclaimed Wind Power in Power Systems has been thoroughly revised and expanded to reflect the latest challenges associated with increasing wind power penetration levels. Since its first release, practical experiences with high wind power penetration levels have significantly increased. This book presents an overview of the lessons learned in integrating wind power into power systems and provides an outlook of the relevant issues and solutions to allow even higher wind power penetration levels. This includes the development of standard wind turbine simulation models. This extensive update has 23 brand new chapters in cutting-edge areas including offshore wind farms and storage options, performance validation and certification for grid codes, and the provision of reactive power and voltage control from wind power plants. Key features: Offers an international perspective on integrating a high penetration of wind power into the power system, from basic network interconnection to industry deregulation; Outlines the methodology and results of European and North American large-scale grid integration studies; Extensive practical experience from wind power and power system experts and transmission systems operators in Germany, Denmark, Spain, UK, Ireland, USA, China and New Zealand; Presents various wind turbine designs from the electrical perspective and models for their simulation, and discusses industry standards and world-wide grid codes, along with power quality issues; Considers concepts to increase penetration of wind power in power systems, from wind turbine, power plant and power system redesign to smart grid and storage solutions. Carefully edited for a highly coherent structure, this work remains an essential reference for power system engineers, transmission and distribution network operator and planner, wind turbine designers, wind project developers and wind energy consultants dealing with the integration of wind power into the distribution or transmission network. Up-to-date and comprehensive, it is also useful for graduate students, researchers, regulation authorities, and policy makers who work in the area of wind power and need to understand the relevant power system integration issues.

Author: Christopher E. Moorman
Publisher: JHU Press
ISBN: 1421432730
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 279

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Book Description
Brings together disparate conversations about wildlife conservation and renewable energy, suggesting ways these two critical fields can work hand in hand. Renewable energy is often termed simply "green energy," but its effects on wildlife and other forms of biodiversity can be quite complex. While capturing renewable resources like wind, solar, and energy from biomass can require more land than fossil fuel production, potentially displacing wildlife habitat, renewable energy infrastructure can also create habitat and promote species health when thoughtfully implemented. The authors of Renewable Energy and Wildlife Conservation argue that in order to achieve a balanced plan for addressing these two crucially important sustainability issues, our actions at the nexus of these fields must be directed by current scientific information related to the ecological effects of renewable energy production. Synthesizing an extensive, rapidly growing base of research and insights from practitioners into a single, comprehensive resource, contributors to this volume • describe processes to generate renewable energy, focusing on the Big Four renewables—wind, bioenergy, solar energy, and hydroelectric power • review the documented effects of renewable energy production on wildlife and wildlife habitats • consider current and future policy directives, suggesting ways industrial-scale renewables production can be developed to minimize harm to wildlife populations • explain recent advances in renewable power technologies • identify urgent research needs at the intersection of renewables and wildlife conservation Relevant to policy makers and industry professionals—many of whom believe renewables are the best path forward as the world seeks to meet its expanding energy needs—and wildlife conservationists—many of whom are alarmed at the rate of renewables-related habitat conversion—this detailed book culminates with a chapter underscoring emerging opportunities in renewable energy ecology. Contributors: Edward B. Arnett, Brian B. Boroski, Regan Dohm, David Drake, Sarah R. Fritts, Rachel Greene, Steven M. Grodsky, Amanda M. Hale, Cris D. Hein, Rebecca R. Hernandez, Jessica A. Homyack, Henriette I. Jager, Nicole M. Korfanta, James A. Martin, Christopher E. Moorman, Clint Otto, Christine A. Ribic, Susan P. Rupp, Jake Verschuyl, Lindsay M. Wickman, T. Bently Wigley, Victoria H. Zero

Author: Gerard M Crawley
Publisher: World Scientific
ISBN: 9811225931
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 297

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Book Description
This volume focuses on a few renewable energy sources, viz. wind energy plus energy from water movement and natural temperature differences that in principle could provide enormous energy resources. Energy from wind has been a rapidly growing source of energy as wind turbines have grown in size and especially as wind turbines have moved offshore. Hydroelectric dams have continued to be used as energy sources particularly in developing countries. Other energy sources using water, including waves and tidal sources, are also discussed in this volume. Finally, the volume discusses differences between deep and surface ocean temperatures plus the extraction of energy from the earth's extremely large energy resource of magma deep below the surface. These latter two energy resources in particular require further development and the current book describes the latest advances coupled with pointing possible paths forward.

Author: Richard P. Walker
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 1118948424
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 512

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Book Description
Examines the possible societal impacts of wind energy projects and explains the potential issues faced when siting, constructing, and operating a wind energy project. This book begins with a history of wind power and the social impacts of both electricity and wind power from a historical perspective, a discussion of basic electrical terms, and a primer on the conversion of power in the wind to electricity. Much of the second half of the book is devoted to comparing wind energy to other forms of electric generation, both renewable and non-renewable sources. In order to have a true understanding of the impact of wind energy on society, one also has to have a thorough understanding of the impacts that other sources of electric generation have, such as fossil-fuelled plants or nuclear power plants. The comparison of electric generation sources includes a review of how such sources are typically utilized within the electric system, as well as the economic factors and environmental considerations that affect which resources utilities or operators of electric grids have to take into account. The authors conclude with a discussion of energy policies in the U.S., individual states, and foreign nations, how these policies influence the use of renewable energy, and what our future may hold in terms of energy supply and demand. Some highlights of this book are: Discusses the wind energy impacts on the environment, local economy, electric utilities, individuals and communities Provides a visual explanation of wind energy principles through tables, graphs, maps, illustrations and photographs Offers a comprehensive overview of the issues associated with the creation and use of wind energy Models chapters around an existing university curriculum Spanning the broad range of environmental, financial, policy and other topics that define and determine the relationships between wind energy technology and our energy-dependent society, Wind Energy Essentials is a resource for students, universities, and the entire wind energy industry.

Author: Troy A. Rule
Publisher: Routledge
ISBN: 1317671309
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 254

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Book Description
The global demand for clean, renewable energy has rapidly expanded in recent years and will likely continue to escalate in the decades to come. Wind and solar energy systems often require large quantities of land and airspace, so their growing presence is generating a diverse array of new and challenging land use conflicts. Wind turbines can create noise, disrupt views or radar systems, and threaten bird populations. Solar energy projects can cause glare effects, impact pristine wilderness areas, and deplete water resources. Developers must successfully navigate through these and myriad other land use conflicts to complete any renewable energy project. Policymakers are increasingly confronted with disputes over these issues and are searching for rules to effectively govern them. Tailoring innovative policies to address the unique conflicts that arise in the context of renewable energy development is crucial to ensuring that the law facilitates rather than impedes the continued growth of this important industry. This book describes and analyses the property and land use policy questions that most commonly arise in renewable energy development. Although it focuses primarily on issues that have arisen within the United States, the book’s discussions of international policy differences and critiques of existing approaches make it a valuable resource for anyone exploring these issues in a professional setting anywhere in the world.

Author: James F. Manwell
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 9780470686287
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 704

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Book Description
Wind energy’s bestselling textbook- fully revised. This must-have second edition includes up-to-date data, diagrams, illustrations and thorough new material on: the fundamentals of wind turbine aerodynamics; wind turbine testing and modelling; wind turbine design standards; offshore wind energy; special purpose applications, such as energy storage and fuel production. Fifty additional homework problems and a new appendix on data processing make this comprehensive edition perfect for engineering students. This book offers a complete examination of one of the most promising sources of renewable energy and is a great introduction to this cross-disciplinary field for practising engineers. “provides a wealth of information and is an excellent reference book for people interested in the subject of wind energy.” (IEEE Power & Energy Magazine, November/December 2003) “deserves a place in the library of every university and college where renewable energy is taught.” (The International Journal of Electrical Engineering Education, Vol.41, No.2 April 2004) “a very comprehensive and well-organized treatment of the current status of wind power.” (Choice, Vol. 40, No. 4, December 2002)

Author: William Shepherd
Publisher: World Scientific
ISBN: 981430414X
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 257

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Book Description
1. The development of wind converters. 1.1. Nature and origin of the wind. 1.2. Development of wind converters -- 2. Theory of wind converters. 2.1. Power and energy basis of wind converters. 2.2. Theoretical power available in the wind. 2.3. Theoretical maximum power extractable from the wind. 2.4. Practical Power Extractable from theWind. 2.5. Mechanical features of wind machines. 2.6. Fixed rotational speed or variable rotational speed?. 2.7. Efficiency considerations of wind-powered electricity generation. 2.8. Worked numerical examples on wind-turbine operation. 2.9. Problems and review questions -- 3. Past and present wind-energy turbines. 3.1. Nineteenth-century windmills. 3.2. Early twentieth-century wind-energy turbines. 3.3. Later twentieth-century wind-energy turbines. 3.4. Modern large wind power installations. 3.5. Worked numerical example. 3.6. Vertical axis wind machines -- 4. The location and siting of wind turbines. 4.1. The availability of wind supply. 4.2. Statistical representation of wind speed. 4.3. Choice of wind turbine sites. 4.4. Effects of the site terrain. 4.5. Spacing effects of wind farm arrays. 4.6. Problems and review questions -- 5. Power flow in electrical transmission and distribution systems. 5.1. Basic forms of power transmission networks. 5.2. Current and voltage relationships. 5.3. Power relationships in sinusoidal circuits. 5.4. Complex power. 5.5. Real power flow and reactive power flow in electrical power systems -- 6. Electrical generator machines in wind-energy systems. 6.1. DC generators. 6.2. AC generators. 6.3. Synchronous machine generators. 6.4. Three-phase induction machine. 6.5. Analysis of induction generator in terms of complex vector representation. 6.6. Switched reluctance machines. 6.7. What form of generator is the best choice for wind generation systems? -- 7. Power electronic converters in wind-energy systems. 7.1. Types of semiconductor switching converters. 7.2. Three-phase controlled bridge rectifier. 7.3. Three-phase controlled bridge inverter feeding an infinite bus. 7.4. The effect of AC system reactance on inverter operation. 7.5. Three-phase cycloconverter feeding an infinite bus. 7.6. Matrix converter feeding an infinite bus. 7.7. Worked numerical examples. 7.8. Commonly used forms of power electronic drive in wind-energy systems. 7.9. Problems and review questions -- 8. Integrating wind power generation into an electrical power system. 8.1. Electricity distribution systems. 8.2. Issues for consideration concerning the integration of wind-energy generation into an electric power system. 8.3. The effect of integrated wind generation on steady-state system voltages. 8.4. The effect of integrated wind generation on dynamic and transient system voltages -- 9. Environmental aspects of wind energy. 9.1. Reduction of emissions. 9.2. Effluents due to coal burning. 9.3. Wind turbine noise. 9.4. Electromagnetic interference from wind turbines. 9.5. Effect of a wind turbine on wildlife. 9.6. Visual impact of wind turbines. 9.7. Safety aspects of wind-turbine operation -- 10. Economic aspects of wind power. 10.1. Investment aspects of wind-powered electricity generation. 10.2. Comparative costs of generating electricity from different fuel sources

Author: Samuel Godown
Publisher: Independently Published
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 102

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Book Description
The book is a must-read for all Americans so that they can understand the truth about wind turbines and not the false news presented by our media. In this book, the author fully exposes wind energy development for what it really is: a taxpayer scam. And not only is it a scam, but wind farms are a destructive force of 21st-century crony capitalism that renders local communities divided and land permanently devalued. The author recounts his personal experience of wind energy colonization and shares his knowledge of just how much damage wind farms can cause property and property owners. Complete with up-to-date research on the adverse health effects of wind energy, other chapters address the bane of PURPA legislation, legal risks in signing wind-rights contracts, and a host of other related issues. Whether you are a midwestern farmer considering a wind lease, or an environmental activist trying to save the planet, this book is an absolute must-read.

Author: David E. Newton
Publisher: Bloomsbury Publishing USA
ISBN: 1610696905
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 369

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Book Description
While covering the fascinating history of wind power as a whole, this timely handbook focuses on current technological developments and the promise—and pitfalls—of wind energy as part of the world's energy future. The use of wind power for the generation of electricity holds vast potential for solving the world's energy problems, but numerous technical and social issues must be addressed before that potential can be realized. This handbook will both educate students about current issues related to wind energy and introduce the ways in which mankind has harnessed the wind through the ages. The book covers topics as diverse as early windmills in Europe, the United States, China, and the Middle East; the development of wind farms for electricity generation; and political factors involved in the development of wind energy today. Conventional wind turbine mechanics are explained, as are the technical improvements that drive modern wind turbines and other wind systems. What makes the handbook unique is that it combines hard science with perspective pieces that address topics such as potential environmental damage that can result from modern wind technology, and how recent developments in wind turbine technology hold the promise for considerably reducing the cost of this alternate energy source, making it competitive with conventional fossil fuels. Readers will be engaged by extensive discussion of the economic, political, and ethical issues raised by the expanding use of wind energy in the United States and elsewhere, and they will be intrigued by a look at what wind power can mean to the planet's energy future.