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Author: Mariusz Zalucki Publisher: ISBN: 9783848770823 Category : Inheritance and succession Languages : en Pages : 204
Book Description
In recent years in particular, as a result of the very rapid development of various technologies, the phenomenon of so-called informal wills has appeared on a large scale in the practice of succession law. These are wills made by testators who, when disposing of their assets in the event of their death, do not make use of the forms of will provided for by the law. This is most often the result of ignorance or confusion as to the admissibility of a particular method of disposing of assets in the event of their death. In the light of the relevant provisions such a will is frequently invalid. Despite clear and convincing evidence and testation intentions, the testator's last will does not produce any legal effects regarding his estate. The inappropriateness of this kind of solutions was shown, among others, during the COVID-19 pandemic, when the need for making last wills has increased significantly, and has rarely been executed in a manner consistent with the formalities. Therefore, the main objective of this work is to design such a normative solution which could function in the provisions of succession law as one that constructs the legal figure of the form of a will.
Author: Mariusz Zalucki Publisher: ISBN: 9783848770823 Category : Inheritance and succession Languages : en Pages : 204
Book Description
In recent years in particular, as a result of the very rapid development of various technologies, the phenomenon of so-called informal wills has appeared on a large scale in the practice of succession law. These are wills made by testators who, when disposing of their assets in the event of their death, do not make use of the forms of will provided for by the law. This is most often the result of ignorance or confusion as to the admissibility of a particular method of disposing of assets in the event of their death. In the light of the relevant provisions such a will is frequently invalid. Despite clear and convincing evidence and testation intentions, the testator's last will does not produce any legal effects regarding his estate. The inappropriateness of this kind of solutions was shown, among others, during the COVID-19 pandemic, when the need for making last wills has increased significantly, and has rarely been executed in a manner consistent with the formalities. Therefore, the main objective of this work is to design such a normative solution which could function in the provisions of succession law as one that constructs the legal figure of the form of a will.
Author: Mariusz Załucki Publisher: ISBN: 9783748924722 Category : Electronic books Languages : en Pages : 204
Book Description
In der erbrechtlichen Praxis häufen sich im Zuge der technischen Entwicklung "formlose Testamente“ von Erblassern, die nicht von den gesetzlich vorgesehenen Testamentsformen Gebrauch machen. Im Lichte der einschlägigen Vorschriften ist ein solches Testament meist unwirksam; der letzte Wille des Erblassers entfaltet trotz eindeutiger Testierabsicht keine Rechtswirkungen hinsichtlich seines Nachlasses. Während der COVID-19-Pandemie hat die Notwendigkeit des zügigen Abfassens von Testamenten deutlich zugenommen - die zugleich nur selten allen formalen Anforderungen entsprechen. Dieses Werk entwirft normative Lösungen zur Reform der Testamentsform, die es ermöglichen, den letzten Willen des Erblassers unabhängig von der Art und Weise der Errichtung und der Aufzeichnung wiederzugeben.
Author: Bridget J. Crawford Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 0
Book Description
Individuals have executed wills the same way for centuries. But over time, traditional traditional requirements have relaxed. This Article makes two principal claims, both of which disrupt fundamental assumptions about the purposes and functions of wills formalities. First, the traditional requirements that a will must be in writing and signed by the testator in the presence of (or acknowledged before) witnesses have never adequately served the stated their stated purposes. For that reason, strict compliance with formalities cannot be justified by their cautionary, protective, evidentiary and channeling functions. Reducing or eliminating most of the long-standing requirements for execution of a will is consistent with the true purpose of wills formalities - authenticating a document as the one executed by the testator with the intention of having it serve as the binding directive for the post-mortem distribution of the testator's property. This Article's account has important implications for the way that legal scholars, lawmakers and lawyers think about wills. The Article's second claim is that the substantive standard of the harmless error rule - that the decedent intended a particular document to be the decedent's last will and testament - should be the only threshold that must be satisfied for a court to admit the document to probate. Widespread adoption of such an intent-based rule is preferable to one that is overly formalistic. Current formalism leads both to false positives (i.e., grant of probate to a document not intended by the decedent as the decedent's will) and false negatives (i.e., denial of probate of document clearly intended by the decedent as the decedent's will). An intent-based rule would make more likely the valid execution of wills by poor and middle-income people who typically cannot or do not consult attorneys. An intent-based standard also sets the stage for widespread recognition of electronic wills, if states are able to address concerns about authentication, fraud and safekeeping of electronic documents. Technological developments could make estate planning in the twenty-first century more accessible than ever before to people of all wealth and income levels if the legal profession is prepared to embrace new ways of executing wills.
Author: Kenneth G C Reid Publisher: OUP Oxford ISBN: 0191029718 Category : Law Languages : en Pages : 524
Book Description
Launching a major new research project examining the principles of succession law in comparative perspective, this book discusses the formalities which the law imposes in order for a person to make a testamentary disposal of property. Among the questions considered are the following. How are wills made? What precisely are the rules - as to the signature of the testator, the use of witnesses, the need for a notary public or lawyer, and so on? Is there is a choice of will-type and, if so, which type is used most often and what are the advantages and disadvantages of each? How common is will-making or do most people die intestate? What happens if formalities are not observed? How can requirements of form be explained and justified? How did the law develop historically, what is the state of the law today, and what are the prospects for the future? The focus is on Europe, and on countries which have been influenced by the European experience. Thus in addition to giving a detailed treatment of the law in Austria, Belgium, England and Wales, France, Germany, Hungary, Italy, the Netherlands, Poland, and Spain, the book explores legal developments in Australia, New Zealand, the United States of America, and in some of the countries of Latin America with a particular emphasis on Brazil. It also includes chapters on two of the mixed jurisdictions - Scotland and South Africa - and on Islamic Law. The book opens with chapters on Roman law and on the early modern law in Europe, thus setting the historical scene as well as anticipating and complementing the accounts of national history which appear in subsequent chapters; and it concludes with an assessment of the overall development of the law in the countries surveyed, and with some wider reflections on the nature and purpose of testamentary formalities.
Author: Gerry W. Beyer Publisher: Aspen Publishers ISBN: Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 660
Book Description
This new addition To The popular Examples & Explanations Series brings a new degree of clarity to Will, Trusts, and Estates. Noted author Gerry Beyer helps students work through troublesome topics to get a firm grasp of the underlying concepts of the subject. WILLS, TRUSTS, AND ESTATES: Examples & Explanations is equally well suited for class use or independent study. This lively and engaging text lead students to enlightenment through the careful use of: -sample wills and trusts -clear and lucid explanations -effective practice problems -a no-intimidating, conversational tone Instructors will appreciate the book's flexible an adaptable structure that complements a wide range of teaching approaches. Beyer's comprehensive text explores: -non-probate assets -estate administration -disability and death planning -malpractice and professional responsibility -wealth transfer taxation For extra help with an especially difficult concept or a solid review of the entire subject, WILLS, TRUSTS, AND ESTATES: Examples and Explanations is an excellent choice. Table of Contents Chapter 1: Introduction and Overview 1.1 Brief History of Property Transference When Owner Dies 1.2 Basic Terminology Used in This Book 1.3 Determination of Applicable Law 1.4 the 'Big Picture' PART ONE - INTESTATE SUCCESSION Chapter 2: Descent and Distribution 2.1 Reasons Most Individuals Die Intestate 2.2 Historical Development of Descent and Distribution 2.3 Surviving Spouse 2.4 Descendants 2.5 Ancestors and Collaterals 2.6 Escheat Chapter 3: Treatment of Certain Categories of Potential Heirs 3.1 Posthumous or Afterborn Heirs 3.2 Adopted Individuals 3.3 Non-Marital Children 3.4 Children from Alternative Reproduction Technologies 3.5 Stepchildren 3.6 Half-Blooded Collateral Heirs 3.7 Non-United States Citizens 3.8 Unworthy Heirs Chapter 4: Other Intestate Succession Issues 4.1 Ancestral Property 4.2 Advancements 4.3 Survival 4.4 Disclaimers 4.5 Assignment or Release of Expectancy to Inherit 4.6 Equitable Conversion 4.7 Liability for Debts of Predeceased Intermediary 4.8 Heir Designation 4.9 Choice of Law PART TWO - WILLS Chapter 5: Requirements for a Valid Will 5.1 Legal Capacity 5.2 Testamentary Capacity (Sound Mind) 5.3 Testamentary Intent 5.4 Formalities Chapter 6: Changing Circumstances After Will Execution - Property 6.1 Classification of Testamentary Gifts 6.2 Ademption by Extinction 6.3 Ademption by Satisfaction 6.4 Changes in Value 6.5 Exoneration 6.6 Abatement 6.7 Tax Apportionment Chapter 7: Changing Circumstances After Will Execution - Persons 7.1 Marriage of a Testator 7.2 Divorce of Testator 7.3 Pretermitted Heirs 7.4 Death of Beneficiary - Lapse 7.5 Failure of Charitable Gift - Cy Pres 7.6 Survival Chapter 8: Revocation of Wills 8.1 Revocation by Operation of Law 8.2 Revocation by Physical Act 8.3 Revocation by Subsequent Writing 8.4 Presumptions 8.5 Revival 8.6 Conditional Revocation 8.7 Multiple Originals Chapter 9: Interpretation and Construction 9.1 Ambiguity 9.2 Integration 9.3 Incorporation by Reference 9.4 Facts of Independent Significance 9.5 Tangible Personal Property Document 9.6 Pour-Over Provisions 9.7 Precatory Language 9.8 Class Gifts 9.9 Dead Person's Statute Chapter 10: Will Contests 10.1 Failure to Satisfy Requirements of a Valid Will 10.2 Insane Delusions 10.3 Undue Influence 10.4 Duress 10.5 Fraud 10.6 Mistake 10.7 Remedies 10.8 Preventing Will Contests Chapter 11: Other Will Issues 11.1 Conditional Wills
Author: Marius Johannes De Waal Publisher: ISBN: 0199696802 Category : Law Languages : en Pages : 524
Book Description
Launching a major new research project examining the principles of succession law in comparative perspective, this book discusses the formalities which the law imposes in order for a person to make a testamentary disposal of property. Among the questions considered are the following. How are wills made? What precisely are the rules - as to the signature of the testator, the use of witnesses, the need for a notary public or lawyer, and so on? Is there is a choice of will-type and, if so, which type is used most often and what are the advantages and disadvantages of each? How common is will-making or do most people die intestate? What happens if formalities are not observed? How can requirements of form be explained and justified? How did the law develop historically, what is the state of the law today, and what are the prospects for the future? The focus is on Europe, and on countries which have been influenced by the European experience. Thus in addition to giving a detailed treatment of the law in Austria, Belgium, England and Wales, France, Germany, Hungary, Italy, the Netherlands, Poland, and Spain, the book explores legal developments in Australia, New Zealand, the United States of America, and in some of the countries of Latin America with a particular emphasis on Brazil. It also includes chapters on two of the mixed jurisdictions - Scotland and South Africa - and on Islamic Law. The book opens with chapters on Roman law and on the early modern law in Europe, thus setting the historical scene as well as anticipating and complementing the accounts of national history which appear in subsequent chapters; and it concludes with an assessment of the overall development of the law in the countries surveyed, and with some wider reflections on the nature and purpose of testamentary formalities.
Author: Peter T. Wendel Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 61
Book Description
What degree of compliance with the Wills Act formalities should the courts require when analyzing whether a will has been properly executed? The conventional wisdom is that historically courts have insisted on absolute strict compliance, favoring formalities over testamentary intent. In 1975, Prof. John Langbein argued that substantial compliance with the Wills Act formalities should suffice. A little over a decade later, he modified his proposal, arguing for a harmless error approach.Prof. Langbein's proposals have been well received. Many academics have endorsed them. The Uniform Probate Code and the Restatement (Third) of Property have adopted his harmless error approach. Yet relatively few states have adopted either proposal. If Prof. Langbein's substantial compliance/harmless error proposals are so much better than strict compliance, what explains the failure of most jurisdictions to adopt either of them?This Article argues that (1) many of the states intuitively realize that the issue is not as simple as Prof. Langbein depicts it - that 'strict compliance' is neither as monolithic nor as strict as he portrays it; (2) most jurisdictions, in fact, do not apply the strict compliance approach he describes but rather a variation of it - flexible strict compliance; and (3) the real issue is not whether substantial compliance/harmless error is better than traditional strict compliance, but whether substantial compliance/harmless error is better than flexible strict compliance - and the answer to that question is far from obvious. Flexible strict compliance adopts a more pragmatic approach to the public policy considerations underlying the Wills Act formalities, eschewing the functional approach and instead favoring an approach that balances testator's intent with costs of administration and the potential for fraud, resulting in an approach that is more efficient than either substantial compliance or harmless error.
Author: Jesse Dukeminier Publisher: Aspen Publishers ISBN: 9780735506367 Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 1178
Book Description
In this timely new edition, distinguished authors Dukeminier and Johanson build on the success of their phenomenally popular casebook Wills, Trusts, and Estates with new coverage of non-traditional family arrangements, living wills, and much more. the authors blend cases selected for human interest as well as teaching value with provocative hypotheticals, cartoons, photographs, and other illustrations to comprehensively cover this area in a very lively, readable manner. Organized logically, The book begins with estate planning and its limitations, moves to wills and will substitutes, progresses to trusts, and concludes with a chapter on taxation. New topic coverage includes: babies inadvertently swapped in hospitals, surrogate mothers, lesbian adoption, and artificial insemination (including children conceived after sperm donor's death) living wills and powers of attorney for health care, including the Cruzan case And The Uniform Health Care Decisions Act a new chapter combining mental capacity and undue influence, which features the Seward Johnson will contest and related preventive lawyering issues shortened, more teachable chapters on future interests and perpetuities latest changes To The Uniform Probate Code a completely revised and reorganized trustee administration chapter Like its predecessors, this book is a lively, flexible, and understandable teaching tool that is accompanied by a detailed and witty Teacher's Manual, which is regarded as the best in the field.
Author: Graham Virgo Publisher: ISBN: 0198854153 Category : Languages : en Pages : 777
Book Description
The Principles of Equity and Trusts offers a refreshing, student-focused approach to a dynamic area of law. In the fourth edition of his best-selling textbook, Professor Graham Virgo brings his expertise as a teacher to deliver an engaging, contextual account of the essential principles oftrusts and their equitable remedies.Virgo states the law in plain terms before building on an area of debate and encouraging students to fully engage with the inherent issues within the subject. Concise and authoritative analysis enables students to grasp the principles of trusts, develop the confidence to engage fully with thesubject area, and excel in their studies.Virgo approaches the topics with unparalleled clarity and provides the academic rigour for which this text has come to be relied upon. Combining expert knowledge and comprehensive coverage, The Principles of Equity and Trusts is the ideal companion to a course in trusts.Online resourcesThe textbook is accompanied by extensive online resources aimed at supporting and enhancing student's knowledge of the topics learned within the book. This includes self-test and scenario-style questions, videos from the author, web links to key cases, articles and statutory materials, andflowcharts and diagrams exploring legal concepts. There will also be updates to changes in the law that explore key developments in the subject area.
Author: Mariusz Zalucki
Author: Mariusz Zalucki
Author: Mariusz Załucki
Author: Bridget J. Crawford
Author: Kenneth G C Reid
Author: Alberta Law Reform Institute
Author: Gerry W. Beyer
Author: Marius Johannes De Waal
Author: Peter T. Wendel
Author: Jesse Dukeminier
Author: Graham Virgo