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Author: Martha Carolina Chavarro Fierro Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages :
Book Description
Genotyping of genetically structured populations, such as recombinant inbred lines (RILs), plays a key role in molecular breeding of crop plants by linking genetic markers to traits of interest. In peanut, genotyping has evolved at a slow pace due to the challenges of doing genetics in an allotetraploid species. Peanut has two highly similar subgenomes which complicates the discovery of genetic variants such as single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) as most variation is between subgenomes, not between alleles at a locus. Furthermore, peanut is a segmental allopolyploid, that is, it has both disomic and tetrasomic inheritance, complicating even further the development of molecular markers and associating them with targeted traits. Whole genome re-sequencing was performed for 20 peanut genotypes carrying traits of interest to identify SNPs for genotyping several breeding populations and genotypes of interest. Based on the identified SNPs from the sequencing, a SNP array containing 58,233 SNPs was constructed and used for genotyping. Twenty-three samples including parents of nested association mapping populations (NAM) were genotyped. From this, 11,633 SNPs markers were found to be polymorphic among all the samples of interest and 8,999 SNPs were polymorphic for the parents of a nested association mapping (NAM) panel. Furthermore, a RIL population from the cross between Tifrunner x NC 3033 was genotyped using the SNP array to identify polymorphic markers for saturation of a genetic map and QTL identification of seed and pod traits. This population was used for mapping as the parents contrast for many seed and pod filling traits. The linkage map included 1,524 markers in 29 linkage groups, and forty-nine QTLs were identified including 8 major QTLs with phenotypic effects higher than 20%. To confirm the segmental allopolyploid nature of cultivated peanut, the genotypic data from the RIL populations was used to identify locations in the genome where tetrasomic recombination has taken place. Whole genome re-sequencing of the parents and two RILs of the population was performed to confirm and provide more granularity of the tetrasomic events. This research provides new tools for the understanding of the evolution and domestication of peanut and for molecular improvement.
Author: Martha Carolina Chavarro Fierro Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages :
Book Description
Genotyping of genetically structured populations, such as recombinant inbred lines (RILs), plays a key role in molecular breeding of crop plants by linking genetic markers to traits of interest. In peanut, genotyping has evolved at a slow pace due to the challenges of doing genetics in an allotetraploid species. Peanut has two highly similar subgenomes which complicates the discovery of genetic variants such as single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) as most variation is between subgenomes, not between alleles at a locus. Furthermore, peanut is a segmental allopolyploid, that is, it has both disomic and tetrasomic inheritance, complicating even further the development of molecular markers and associating them with targeted traits. Whole genome re-sequencing was performed for 20 peanut genotypes carrying traits of interest to identify SNPs for genotyping several breeding populations and genotypes of interest. Based on the identified SNPs from the sequencing, a SNP array containing 58,233 SNPs was constructed and used for genotyping. Twenty-three samples including parents of nested association mapping populations (NAM) were genotyped. From this, 11,633 SNPs markers were found to be polymorphic among all the samples of interest and 8,999 SNPs were polymorphic for the parents of a nested association mapping (NAM) panel. Furthermore, a RIL population from the cross between Tifrunner x NC 3033 was genotyped using the SNP array to identify polymorphic markers for saturation of a genetic map and QTL identification of seed and pod traits. This population was used for mapping as the parents contrast for many seed and pod filling traits. The linkage map included 1,524 markers in 29 linkage groups, and forty-nine QTLs were identified including 8 major QTLs with phenotypic effects higher than 20%. To confirm the segmental allopolyploid nature of cultivated peanut, the genotypic data from the RIL populations was used to identify locations in the genome where tetrasomic recombination has taken place. Whole genome re-sequencing of the parents and two RILs of the population was performed to confirm and provide more granularity of the tetrasomic events. This research provides new tools for the understanding of the evolution and domestication of peanut and for molecular improvement.
Author: Rajeev K. Varshney Publisher: Springer ISBN: 3319639358 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 183
Book Description
This book presents the current state of the art in peanut genomics, focusing particularly on the latest genomic findings, tools and strategies employed in genome sequencing, transcriptomes and analysis, availability of public and private genomic resources, and ways to maximize the use of this information in peanut breeding programs. Further, it demonstrates how advances in plant genomics can be used to improve crop breeding. The peanut or groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L. Millsp) is a globally important grain legume and oilseed crop, cultivated in over 100 countries and consumed in the form of roasted seeds, oil and confectionary in nearly every country on Earth. The peanut contributes towards achieving food and nutritional security, in addition to financial security through income generation; as such, it is also vital to the livelihood of the poor in the developing world. There have been significant advances in peanut research, especially in the last five years, including sequencing the genome of both diploid progenitors, and the availability of tremendous transcriptome resources, large-scale genomic variations that can be used as genetic markers, genetic populations (bi- and multiparent populations and germplasm sets), marker-trait associations and molecular breeding products. The immediate availability of the genome sequence for tetraploid cultivated peanuts is the most essential genomic resource for achieving a deeper understanding of peanut traits and their use in breeding programs.
Author: Thomas Stalker Publisher: Elsevier ISBN: 1630670391 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 500
Book Description
Peanuts: Genetics, Processing, and Utilization (Oilseed Monograph) presents innovations in crop productivity and processing technologies that help ensure global food security and high quality peanut products. The authors cover three central themes, modern breeding methods for development of agronomic varieties in the U.S., China, West Central Africa, and India, enhanced crop protection and quality through information from the peanut genome sequence, and state-of-the-art processing and manufacturing of products in market environments driven by consumer perception, legislation, and governmental policy. Discusses modern breeding methods and genetically diverse resources for the development of agronomic varieties in the U.S., China, India, and West Central Africa Provides enhanced crop protection and quality through the application of information and genetic tools derived from analysis of the peanut genome sequence Includes state-of-art processing and manufacture of safe, nutritious, and flavorful food products
Author: Mohar Singh Publisher: Newnes ISBN: 0123984947 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 322
Book Description
Grain legumes, including common-bean, chickpea, pigeonpea, pea, cowpea, lentil and others, form important constituents of global diets, both vegetarian and non-vegetarian. Despite this significant role, global production has increased only marginally in the past 50 years. The slow production growth, along with a rising human population and improved buying capacity has substantially reduced the per capita availability of food legumes. Changes in environmental climate have also had significant impact on production, creating a need to identify stable donors among genetic resources for environmentally robust genes and designing crops resilient to climate change. Genetic and Genomic Resources of Grain Legume Improvement is the first book to bring together the latest resources in plant genetics and genomics to facilitate the identification of specific germplasm, trait mapping and allele mining to more effectively develop biotic and abiotic-stress-resistant grains. This book will be an invaluable resource for researchers, crop biologists and students working with crop development. Explores origin, distribution and diversity of grain legumes Presents information on germplasm collection, evaluation and maintenance Offers insight into pre-breeding/germplasm enhancement efforts Integrates genomic and genetic resources in crop improvement Internationally contributed work
Author: Schuyler S. Korban Publisher: Springer ISBN: 3030110486 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 315
Book Description
Addressing the pear genome, this book covers the current state of knowledge regarding genetic and genomic resources, breeding approaches and strategies, as well as cutting-edge content on how these tools and resources are being / soon will be utilized to pursue genetic improvement efforts that will combine fruit quality, high productivity, precocious fruit bearing, and long postharvest storage life, along with elevated levels of resistance to various major diseases and insect pests. Throughout, the book also explores potential opportunities and challenges in genomic analysis, sequence assembly, structural features, as well as functional studies that will assist in future genetic improvement efforts for pears. The pear (Pyrus), an important tree fruit crop, is grown worldwide, and has several economically relevant cultivars. In recent years, modern genetic and genomic tools have resulted in the development of a wide variety of valuable resources for the pear. In the past few years, completion of whole genome assemblies of ‘Dangshansuli’, an Asian pear, and ‘Bartlett’, a European pear, have paved the way for new discoveries regarding for example, the pear’s genomic structure, chromosome evolution, and patterns of genetic variation. This wealth of new resources will have a major impact on our knowledge of the pear genome; in turn, these resources and knowledge will have significant impacts on future genetic improvement efforts.
Author: Rajeev K. Varshney Publisher: Springer ISBN: 3319661175 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 152
Book Description
This book sheds new light on the chickpea genome sequencing and resequencing of chickpea germplasm lines and provides insights into classical genetics, cytogenetics, and trait mapping. It also offers an overview of the latest advances in genome sequencing and analysis. The growing human population, rapid climate changes and limited amounts of arable land are creating substantial challenges in connection with the availability and affordability of nutritious food for smallholder farmers in developing countries. In this context, climate smart crops are essential to alleviating the hunger of the millions of poor and undernourished people living in developing countries. In addition to cereals, grain legumes are an integral part of the human diet and provide sustainable income for smallholder farmers in the arid and semi-arid regions of the world. Among grain legumes, the chickpea (Cicer arietinum) is the second most important in terms of production and productivity. Besides being a rich source of proteins, it can fix atmospheric nitrogen through symbiosis with rhizobia and increase the input of combined nitrogen. Several abiotic stresses like drought, heat, salinity, together with biotic stresses like Fusarium wilt, Ascochyta blight, and Botrytis grey mould have led to production losses, as the chickpeas is typically grown in the harsh climates of our planet’s semi-arid regions.
Author: Nalini Mallikarjuna Publisher: CRC Press ISBN: 1482238373 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 266
Book Description
Peanut, an amphidiploid, is an important food and oil crop and has an interesting evolutionary history. This book provides a glimpse of the advances in genetic resources and genomics research of peanut made during the last decade. It contains an overview of germplasm, advances in genetic and genomic resources, genetic and trait mapping, proteomic a
Author: J. Smartt Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media ISBN: 9401107335 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 753
Book Description
Groundnuts (peanuts) are of great economic importance internationally. This book provides thorough coverage of all aspects of the crop, each chapter being written by experts in particular areas. The book will be invaluable to all those involved with the group, particularly agronomists, plant scientists and food scientists.
Author: Rajeev K. Varshney Publisher: Springer ISBN: 3319637975 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 113
Book Description
Pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan) is a crop of small land holding farmers in arid and semi-arid regions of the world. It has a number of usages starting from protein rich food to vegetarian families; fuel wood; nitrogen supplier to soil; recycling minerals in soil to animal feed etc. Pigeonpea has been considered to be originated and domesticated in central India from where it travelled to different parts of the world such as Africa and Latin America. In ongoing scenario of climate change, biotic and especially abiotic stresses will make the conditions more challenging for entire agriculture. This volume focusing on the pigeonpea genome will collate the information on the genome sequencing and its utilization in genomics activities, with a focus on the current findings, advanced tools and strategies deployed in pigeonpea genome sequencing and analysis, and how this information is leading to direct outcomes for plant breeders and subsequently to farmers.
Author: Martha Carolina Chavarro Fierro
Author: Martha Carolina Chavarro Fierro
Author: Rajeev K. Varshney
Author: Rajeev K. Varshney
Author: Thomas Stalker
Author: Mohar Singh
Author: Schuyler S. Korban
Author: Rajeev K. Varshney
Author: Nalini Mallikarjuna
Author: J. Smartt
Author: Rajeev K. Varshney