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Author: Martin Patrick Gooden Publisher: ISBN: Category : Academic achievement Languages : en Pages : 238
Book Description
Abstract: Research investigating the relationship between delinquency and the self-concept has generally concluded that delinquency is caused by some internal pathology. In contrast to these findings, however, a developing body of literature suggests that delinquency may be motivated by a need to enhance the self-concept. This research is not clear, however, regarding who should be most likely to seek self-enhancement through delinquency. The current investigation examines the hypothesis that delinquency may provide an important source of self-affirmation for youths who are limited in their exposure to more conventional sources of affirmation. Because success in school is an important conventional source of affirmation for adolescents, it was hypothesized that juveniles who are uninvested in academics would be particularly likely to consider delinquent alternatives when other conventional sources of affirmation were also limited. As such, the pressure to be delinquent should be greatest for individuals who are the most limited in the number of conventional resources to which they have access. Because Blacks have fewer conventional resources on average than Whites, the enhancing effect of delinquency on the self-concept was expected to vary by academic investment and racial group membership. Thus, it was hypothesized that Blacks who are academically uninvested would be most likely to find affirmation in delinquency. In order to test this hypothesis, two sets of secondary analyses were conducted using data from the Youth in Transition study (1966-1968) and National Youth Survey (1976-1977). Findings across both studies confirmed the hypothesis that among Blacks who were academically uninvested, initial delinquency enhances subsequent self-regard. Whites who were uninvested in school did not show this effect, and Blacks and Whites who were academically invested did not show this effect. These findings challenge conventional interpretations of delinquency and suggest that delinquency can be an important source of affirmation for juveniles who have few alternatives. Future research directions, and the implications of these findings, are also discussed.
Author: Martin Patrick Gooden Publisher: ISBN: Category : Academic achievement Languages : en Pages : 238
Book Description
Abstract: Research investigating the relationship between delinquency and the self-concept has generally concluded that delinquency is caused by some internal pathology. In contrast to these findings, however, a developing body of literature suggests that delinquency may be motivated by a need to enhance the self-concept. This research is not clear, however, regarding who should be most likely to seek self-enhancement through delinquency. The current investigation examines the hypothesis that delinquency may provide an important source of self-affirmation for youths who are limited in their exposure to more conventional sources of affirmation. Because success in school is an important conventional source of affirmation for adolescents, it was hypothesized that juveniles who are uninvested in academics would be particularly likely to consider delinquent alternatives when other conventional sources of affirmation were also limited. As such, the pressure to be delinquent should be greatest for individuals who are the most limited in the number of conventional resources to which they have access. Because Blacks have fewer conventional resources on average than Whites, the enhancing effect of delinquency on the self-concept was expected to vary by academic investment and racial group membership. Thus, it was hypothesized that Blacks who are academically uninvested would be most likely to find affirmation in delinquency. In order to test this hypothesis, two sets of secondary analyses were conducted using data from the Youth in Transition study (1966-1968) and National Youth Survey (1976-1977). Findings across both studies confirmed the hypothesis that among Blacks who were academically uninvested, initial delinquency enhances subsequent self-regard. Whites who were uninvested in school did not show this effect, and Blacks and Whites who were academically invested did not show this effect. These findings challenge conventional interpretations of delinquency and suggest that delinquency can be an important source of affirmation for juveniles who have few alternatives. Future research directions, and the implications of these findings, are also discussed.
Author: Jennifer Lodi-Smith Publisher: Springer ISBN: 331971547X Category : Psychology Languages : en Pages : 270
Book Description
This welcome resource traces the evolution of self-concept clarity and brings together diverse strands of research on this important and still-developing construct. Locating self-concept clarity within current models of personality, identity, and the self, expert contributors define the construct and its critical roles in both individual and collective identity and functioning. The book examines commonly-used measures for assessing clarity, particularly in relation to the more widely understood concept of self-esteem, with recommendations for best practices in assessment. In addition, a wealth of current data highlights the links between self-concept clarity and major areas of mental wellness and dysfunction, from adaptation and leadership to body image issues and schizophrenia. Along the way, it outlines important future directions in research on self-concept clarity. Included in the coverage: Situating self-concept clarity in the landscape of personality. Development of self-concept clarity across the lifespan. Self-concept clarity and romantic relationships. Who am I and why does it matter? Linking personal identity and self-concept clarity. Consequences of self-concept clarity for well-being and motivation. Self-concept clarity and psychopathology. Self-Concept Clarity fills varied theoretical, empirical, and practical needs across mental health fields, and will enhance the work of academics, psychologists interested in the construct as an area of research, and clinicians working with clients struggling with developing and improving their self-concept clarity.
Author: Institute of Medicine Publisher: National Academies Press ISBN: 0309172357 Category : Law Languages : en Pages : 405
Book Description
Even though youth crime rates have fallen since the mid-1990s, public fear and political rhetoric over the issue have heightened. The Columbine shootings and other sensational incidents add to the furor. Often overlooked are the underlying problems of child poverty, social disadvantage, and the pitfalls inherent to adolescent decisionmaking that contribute to youth crime. From a policy standpoint, adolescent offenders are caught in the crossfire between nurturance of youth and punishment of criminals, between rehabilitation and "get tough" pronouncements. In the midst of this emotional debate, the National Research Council's Panel on Juvenile Crime steps forward with an authoritative review of the best available data and analysis. Juvenile Crime, Juvenile Justice presents recommendations for addressing the many aspects of America's youth crime problem. This timely release discusses patterns and trends in crimes by children and adolescentsâ€"trends revealed by arrest data, victim reports, and other sources; youth crime within general crime; and race and sex disparities. The book explores desistanceâ€"the probability that delinquency or criminal activities decrease with ageâ€"and evaluates different approaches to predicting future crime rates. Why do young people turn to delinquency? Juvenile Crime, Juvenile Justice presents what we know and what we urgently need to find out about contributing factors, ranging from prenatal care, differences in temperament, and family influences to the role of peer relationships, the impact of the school policies toward delinquency, and the broader influences of the neighborhood and community. Equally important, this book examines a range of solutions: Prevention and intervention efforts directed to individuals, peer groups, and families, as well as day care-, school- and community-based initiatives. Intervention within the juvenile justice system. Role of the police. Processing and detention of youth offenders. Transferring youths to the adult judicial system. Residential placement of juveniles. The book includes background on the American juvenile court system, useful comparisons with the juvenile justice systems of other nations, and other important information for assessing this problem.
Author: Joseph G. Weis Publisher: Pine Forge Press ISBN: 9780761986782 Category : Law Languages : en Pages : 670
Book Description
Designed for undergraduate juvenile delinquency courses, this book actively involves students in the literature of the discipline, presents the field in a format that is accessible, understandable, and enjoyable, and is edited by well-known scholars who are experienced researchers and teachers. * The readings in this anthology have been very carefully edited and pruned by the Editors so that undergraduate students can easily read them without getting bogged down or confused and lost in the technical, methodological details. * At no additional cost, we have included 5 substantial data analysis exercises spread throughout the book. These exercises not only teach students the basic of SPSS, the "standard" data analysis software in social science, but also show them how they can test the delinquency theories and propositions covered in the reader, using current delinquency data packaged with the book. This absolutely unique feature is structured into fill-in-the-blank exercise sets that are easy to grade for large numbers of students by a single instructor. * Over 150 very good questions have been put together for the readings so that instructors can easily test, even in large courses, whether or not their students are keeping up with the reading. * A separate instructor's manual (with more tests) is also available.
Author: National Task Force to Develop Standards and Goals for Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention (U.S.). Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 560
Author: Scott Mire Publisher: CRC Press ISBN: 1439807485 Category : Law Languages : en Pages : 246
Book Description
Violence is a complex subject that is rooted in a multitude of disciplines, including not only criminology but also psychology, sociology, biology, and other social science disciplines. It is only through understanding violence as a concept that we can hope to respond to it appropriately and to prevent it. The Study of Violent Crime: Its Correlates and Concerns is a comprehensive text that provides a current analysis of violence and violent crime in the United States. Topics discussed include: The history of violence in Europe and America Whether violent behavior can be predicted Possible correlates of violence, including values, poverty, low education, abuse and neglect, alcohol abuse, and shame Sociological theories surrounding crime causation, including social control, conflict and strain, and anomie Psychological approaches to understanding violence from Freud, Bentham, Skinner, and others Biological theories and the influence of positivism and determinism The role of early exposure to violence on future behavior and programs to counteract these effects Gang activity and hate crimes The history of punishment and its effectiveness Victimology and victimization Organized in logical fashion, each chapter builds on previous ones and makes use of concrete examples to clarify concepts. Action boxes help readers focus on salient points and review questions appear at the end of each chapter, enabling readers to test their assimilation of the material.
Author: Donald J. Shoemaker Publisher: Rowman & Littlefield ISBN: 1442271957 Category : Social Science Languages : en Pages : 355
Book Description
Juvenile Delinquency is a timely and comprehensive introduction to crime, justice, and young people, with an emphasis on theory and practice. The third edition retains the overall structure of the second edition and features updates throughout, including new information on gangs and prevention, the impact of race and gender on crime and justice, additional comparative and international examples, and more. The book opens with an overview of delinquency; historical and contemporary discussions of juvenile justice; theories of delinquency; institutional contexts of delinquency, such as school and the family; and chapters on topics such as drug use, youth gangs, female delinquency, police, courts, and corrections. Many chapters discuss treatment programs as well as delinquency and illustrate theory put into practice. Most issues are examined through the lenses of race, class, and gender. Juvenile Delinquency covers the essentials of the topic with a price point far below most competitors. To enhance student learning, a complimentary instructor’s manual and test bank are available. Please see the “Features” page for additional information.
Author: Daniel Muijs Publisher: SAGE ISBN: 1446259552 Category : Education Languages : en Pages : 370
Book Description
Lecturers, why waste time waiting for the post to arrive? Click on the above icon and receive your e-inspection copy today! This new edition updates the successful 2005 edition with the latest research on effective teaching and learning. Appropriate for primary and secondary, the authors continue to provide a broad and comprehensive overview of what is now a large body of knowledge on effective teaching. The authors maintain their user-friendly style and the structure which takes in generic teaching skills; teaching for specific goals; subject specific strategies and other classroom issues. New to this edition: - updated research evidence - a greater cultural breadth including international research - diversity in the classroom; values and beliefs - assessment for learning Points for reflection and further reading have also been included to help encourage readers to become reflective practitioners. This book is essential reading for education students, including all PGCE and BA courses, as well as teachers and educational researchers. Daniel Muijs is Professor of Education at University of Southampton. David Reynolds is Professor of Education at University of Plymouth.
Author: Donald Shoemaker Publisher: Rowman & Littlefield ISBN: 0742565807 Category : Social Science Languages : en Pages : 463
Book Description
Juvenile Delinquency offers a timely and comprehensive look at the issues of criminal behavior and justice related to young persons. In this highly readable text, Donald J. Shoemaker grounds his readers with a historical perspective, then presents a series of sharply focused chapters on schooling, religion, and family, as well as sections on drug use, gangs, and female delinquency. With a strong emphasis on the importance of theory and practice, Juvenile Delinquency is a must read for understanding crime and youth culture.
Author: Martin Patrick Gooden
Author: Martin Patrick Gooden
Author: Jennifer Lodi-Smith
Author: Institute of Medicine
Author: Joseph G. Weis
Author: 
Author: National Task Force to Develop Standards and Goals for Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention (U.S.).
Author: Scott Mire
Author: Donald J. Shoemaker
Author: Daniel Muijs
Author: Donald Shoemaker