Author: Merving A. KingPublisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 32
Book Description
Welfare analysis of tax reforms using household data
Author: Merving A. KingWelfare Analysis of Tax Reforms Using Household Data
Author: Mervyn KingPublisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 58
Book Description
The paper discusses a methodology for calculating the distribution of gains and losses from a policy change using data for a large sample of households. Estimates are based on the equivalent income function, which is money metric utility defined over observable variables. This enables calculations to be standardised, and a computer program to compute the statistics presented in the paper is available for a general demand system. Equivalent income is related to measures of deadweight loss, and standard errors are computed for each of the welfare measures. An application to UK data for 5895 households is given which simulates a reform that involves eliminating housing subsidies.
Welfare Analysis of Tax Reforms Using Houshold Data
Author: Mervyn A. KingImpact of Tax Reforms on Household Welfare
Author: Models and Measurement of Welfare and Inequality
Author: Wolfgang EichhornPublisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 3642790372
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 1021
Book Description
The literature on economic problems connected with measuring and modelling of welfare and inequality has grown rapidly within the last decade. Since this literature is scattered throughout a great number of journals on economics, economic theory, econometrics, and statisties, it is difficult to get an adequate picture of the present state of the art. Therefore books should appear from time to time, which offer a representative cross-section of the latest results of research on: the subject. This book offers such material. It contains 54 articles by 84 authors from four of the five continents. Each paper has been reviewed by two referees. As a conse quence, the contributions of this book are revised versions, or, in many cases, revised revisions of the original papers. The book is divided into four parts. Part I: Measurement of Inequality and Poverty This part contains eleven papers on theory and empirical applications of inequa lity and/or poverty measures. Two contributions deal with, among other things, experimental findings on questions concerning the acceptance of distributional axioms. Part II: Taxation and Redistribution Distributional or, rather, redistributional aspects play an important role in Part II. The topics of the 14 papers included in this part range from tax progressivity and redistribution, allocative consequences of splitting under income taxation, and connections between income tax and cost-of-living indices to merit goods and welfarism as well as to welfare aspects of tax reforms.
Evaluation of Four Tax Reforms in the United States
Author: Nada EissaPublisher:
ISBN:
Category : Labor economics
Languages : en
Pages : 37
Book Description
A large literature evaluating the welfare effects of taxation has examined the role of the labor supply elasticity, and has shown that the estimated welfare effects are highly sensitive to its size. A common feature of this literature is its exclusive focus on hours worked and the associated marginal tax rate. An emerging consensus among public finance and labor economists, however, is that labor supply is more responsive along the extensive margin (participation) than along the intensive margin (hours worked). To understand the implications of the participation decision for the welfare analysis of tax reform, this paper embeds the extensive margin in an explicit welfare theoretic framework. It is shown that the participation effect on welfare is created by a different tax wedge than the marginal-tax wedge relevant for hours of work. This difference is due to non-linearities and discontinuities in tax-transfer schemes, features that are particularly important for the welfare evaluation of tax reforms affecting the bottom of the income distribution. We apply our framework to examine the labor supply and welfare effects for single mothers in the United States following four tax acts passed in 1986, 1990, 1993, and 2001. Our simulations show that each of the four tax acts reduced the tax burden on low-income single mothers, and created substantial welfare gains. We note three features of the welfare effects. First, we find that welfare gains are almost exclusively concentrated along the extensive margin of labor supply. Second, welfare effects along the extensive margin tend to dominate those along the intensive margin, even when the two labor supply elasticities are of similar size. This occurs because the welfare effect on each margin is created by a different tax wedge. Finally, ignoring the composition of the labor supply elasticity may reverse the sign of the welfare effect. In the welfare evaluation of tax reform, we conclude that the composition of the total labor supply elasticity is as i
Status Quo in the Welfare Analysis of Tax Reforms
Author: Francois BourguignonPublisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0
Book Description
The welfare analysis of tax reforms most often consists of comparing the post-reform distribution of individual welfare with the pre-reform distribution or possibly that obtained from another reform as if they were completely independent. Such an “anonymous” approach does not take into account “changes” in individual situations, generally the main source of contention in any tax reform debate. This paper proposes a welfare criterion that allows comparison of reforms while taking into account individual status quo - i.e. pre-reform - situations. This is done by extending standard utilitarian social welfare criteria to the case where individual utilities depend on initial income and income change.
Measuring Welfare Changes and Tax Burdens
Author: John CreedyPublisher: Edward Elgar Publishing
ISBN:
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 248
Book Description
This book provides an introductory review of alternative concepts and practical approaches to measurement of welfare as well as providing a number of practical examples of welfare analyses in a variety of contexts.
A Welfare Analysis of Tax Structures with Love-of-Variety Preferences
Author: Kory KroftPublisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
Book Description
This paper reassesses the general trade-off between ad valorem and specific taxation using an economic model that features love-of-variety preferences and encompasses a wide range of market conduct - including both quantity and price competition - while allowing for firm entry and exit. We derive formulas for efficiency and incidence of both types of taxes that depend on the responsiveness of product variety to taxes and the effect of a change in product variety on consumer surplus. We use our formulas to derive a desirability condition for when ad valorem taxes are more efficient than specific taxes and a condition for when ad valorem taxes lead to greater pass-through than specific taxes. We identify and estimate the model parameters using a quasi-experimental ``county border pair'' research design that uses state-level and county-level variation in sales taxes combined with detailed scanner data covering grocery stores in the U.S. Our empirical results indicate that sales taxes are slightly overshifted onto consumer prices, have a large effect on quantity demanded, and have a more modest effect on the variety of products available to consumers. Using the estimated parameters, we recover consumers' love-of-variety, infer whether or not product variety is socially optimal (at current tax rates), and implement our desirability condition. We find that specific taxes are more efficient at the margin than ad valorem taxes given the estimated love-of-variety. This suggests that policymakers should consider using specific taxes and tariffs in markets with substantial product differentiation.
The Welfare Analysis of Rice Pricing Policies Using Household Data for Indonesia
Author: Dominique Philippe Van de WallePublisher:
ISBN:
Category : Agricultural prices
Languages : en
Pages : 650
Book Description