Weed Management, Yield, and Economic Return on Investment of Six Soybean Systems in Conventional- and No-till PDF Download
Are you looking for read ebook online? Search for your book and save it on your Kindle device, PC, phones or tablets. Download Weed Management, Yield, and Economic Return on Investment of Six Soybean Systems in Conventional- and No-till PDF full book. Access full book title Weed Management, Yield, and Economic Return on Investment of Six Soybean Systems in Conventional- and No-till by Matthew C. Geiger. Download full books in PDF and EPUB format.
Author: Matthew C. Geiger Publisher: ISBN: Category : Agricultural ecology Languages : en Pages : 216
Book Description
Shifts toward herbicide resistant weed populations in row crop agriculture is a widespread epidemic. Sequential applications of EPSPS synthase-inhibitors, acetolactate synthase-inhibitors, and other herbicide site-of-action groups, have led to the selection and spread of herbicide-resistant weed biotypes (Powles, 2008; Tranel and Wright, 2002). New soybean systems with resistance to auxin herbicides, along with proprietary herbicide formulations, have been developed to control these herbicide-resistant weeds in soybean production. These new technologies will be compared in both conventional- and no-till with technologies which have been available for several years, in the aspects of weed control, yield, and economic return on investment (EROI). In both 2016 and 2017, when using preemergence (PRE) followed by postemergence (POST) herbicide programs, there were few differences in weed control between the six soybean systems. Adequate grain yield was provided by all soybean systems when proper herbicide programs were used. EROI was the highest when optimum yields were achieved, regardless of treatment cost.
Author: Matthew C. Geiger Publisher: ISBN: Category : Agricultural ecology Languages : en Pages : 216
Book Description
Shifts toward herbicide resistant weed populations in row crop agriculture is a widespread epidemic. Sequential applications of EPSPS synthase-inhibitors, acetolactate synthase-inhibitors, and other herbicide site-of-action groups, have led to the selection and spread of herbicide-resistant weed biotypes (Powles, 2008; Tranel and Wright, 2002). New soybean systems with resistance to auxin herbicides, along with proprietary herbicide formulations, have been developed to control these herbicide-resistant weeds in soybean production. These new technologies will be compared in both conventional- and no-till with technologies which have been available for several years, in the aspects of weed control, yield, and economic return on investment (EROI). In both 2016 and 2017, when using preemergence (PRE) followed by postemergence (POST) herbicide programs, there were few differences in weed control between the six soybean systems. Adequate grain yield was provided by all soybean systems when proper herbicide programs were used. EROI was the highest when optimum yields were achieved, regardless of treatment cost.
Author: Brittany Lee Gaban Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 0
Book Description
Research was conducted in 2010, 2011 and 2012 at the East Tennessee Research and Education Center in Knoxville, TN, in order to compare differences in soybean yield among differing levels of weed control within Roundup Ready® [Glyphosate-resistant] (RR)and conventional soybean cultivars to gain a better understanding of the impact different intensities of weed control have on RR and conventional cropping systems. Results determined that after applying the weed control regimens, there was no significant difference (p Glyphosate resistant weeds introduce new challenges and create a more costly weed control regimen, especially when using a RR based soybean cultivation operation. Therefore, calculated economic returns of RR and conventional weed management technologies used in this study were contrasted to determine profitability of each system. In a glyphosate resistant-free environment, the conventional soybean cultivar had a net return of only 0.4% greater than that of the RR cultivar. The comparison of cultivar net return and yield indicates conventional soybean production is competitive to RR productions, however the tremendous use of RR technologies leaves conventional crops vulnerable to potential damage or death due to drift. If glyphosate resistant weeds are present in an environment, RR production and hand hoeing may be the best choice for weed control.
Author: Jeffrey Andrew Liebert Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 168
Book Description
Cultural practices are an integral component of a multi-tactic approach to weed management. In cover crop-based organic rotational no-till soybean (Glycine max [L.] Merr.) production, these practices play a particularly important role in the absence of mechanical weed management. In this system, a fall-planted winter cereal cover crop, such as cereal rye (Secale cereale L.), is mechanically terminated with a roller-crimper in the spring to create a layer of mulch. Soybean is then no-till planted through the mulch, which serves as the primary form of weed suppression. Species and cultivar selection, planting date, planting rate, timing of termination, and fertility management are all common cultural practices that can be used to enhance the weed suppression effects provided by these fall-planted cover crops. Previous research has focused on adjusting these practices to maximize cereal rye biomass and create a thick layer of mulch. However, high biomass production can be difficult to achieve, and thick mulch can impede adequate seed-to-soil contact during soybean planting. To overcome the challenges associated with excessive biomass production, our research investigated cultural practices that enhance shading before and after no-till planting soybean. In this way, our research aimed to optimize both early- and late-season weed suppression, which has the potential to improve soybean performance and economic profitability. Based on differences in plant height and leaf morphology, our first experiment assessed whether intercropping barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) and cereal rye would improve shading prior to termination and reduce weed biomass compared with either species in monoculture. In contrast to previous efforts to improve weed suppression through cover crop management, our approach was predicated on enhanced shading without a concomitant increase in biomass production. Conducted from 2012 to 2014 in central New York, the two species were seeded in a replacement series (barley:cereal rye, 0:100 , 50:50, and 100:0). Average weed biomass across all treatments in late summer ranged from 0.5 to 1.1 Mg ha-1 in 2013 and 0.6 to 1.3 Mg ha-1 in 2014. Although weed biomass tended to decrease as the proportion of cereal rye in the mixture increased, soybean population also decreased as the proportion of cereal rye increased in 2013. The results from our partial correlation analyses indicated that shading prior to cover crop termination explained more variation in weed biomass than cover crop biomass. Our second experiment examined the cultural practice of using high soybean planting rates to improve weed suppression by attaining canopy closure more rapidly and maximizing light interception. This tactic can minimize weed germination, decrease weed competitive ability, and reduce the fecundity of weeds that have emerged prior to terminating a cover crop with a rollercrimper, thereby improving long-term weed seedbank management. The experiment was conducted in 2014 in central (Aurora) and eastern (Hurley) New York, and planting rates of 198,000; 395,000; 595,000; 790,000; and 990,000 seeds ha-1 were arranged in a randomized complete block design. Weed biomass decreased and soybean yield increased as soybean population increased at both sites. An asymptotic relationship between increasing soybean population and yield was observed, and the maximum yields were estimated at 2,506 kg ha-1 in Aurora and 3,282 kg ha-1 in Hurley. Partial returns declined beyond the predicted economically optimal planting rates of 650,000 and 720,000 seeds ha-1 in Aurora and Hurley, respectively, as greater seed costs were no longer offset by an increase in soybean yield. Our research has demonstrated that there are meaningful gains to be made by optimizing cultural practices for both cover crop and soybean management. Enhancing early-season shading with cover crop mixtures has the potential to minimize the challenges associated with excessive biomass production, while still maintaining adequate weed suppression. As a complementary cultural practice, high soybean planting rates can improve late-season shading via earlier canopy closure, which contributes to enhanced weed suppression, higher yields, and greater profitability.
Author: Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages :
Book Description
Demand for organic food products has consistently increased for more than 20 years. Demand for organic grain has been particularly high, leading to price premiums of over double the conventional price. The largest obstacle to organic soybean production is weed management. The first investigation aimed at improving weed management in organic soybean tested the effectiveness of pre-plant rotary hoeing to reduce the need for multiple post-plant rotary hoeing. Pre-plant rotary hoe treatments included a weekly rotary hoeing four weeks before planting, two weeks before planting and none. Post-plant rotary hoe treatments consisted of zero, one, two, three, and four post-plant rotary hoe uses. Weed control was increased with pre-plant rotary hoeing at Plymouth in 2006 and 2007 but this effect disappeared with the first post-plant rotary hoeing. Multiple post-plant rotary hoe uses decreased soybean plant populations, decreased soybean canopy height, lowered soybean pod position and decreased soybean yield. In another experiment, the effect of soybean population on weed control was investigated. This research was conducted in 2006 and 2007 to investigate seeding rates of 185,000; 309,000; 432,000; and 556,000 live seeds/ha. All rates were planted on 76 cm row spacing in organic and conventional weed management systems. Increased soybean seeding rates reduced weed ratings at 3 of the 5 sites. Increased soybean seeding rates also resulted in higher yield at 3 of the 4 sites. Maximum economic returns for organic treatments were achieved with the highest seeding rate in all sites. In a separate experiment, the effect of soybean genotype on weed suppression was investigated. Twenty seven genotypes were chosen based on varying seed sizes, leaf shape, and height. Genotypes were compared in weedy and weed free conditions. Canopy traits and percent ground cover estimates were measured in weed free plots. Soybean and weed biomass has harvested at 7 weeks after emergence. Differences in.
Author: Matthew C. Geiger
Author: Matthew C. Geiger
Author: Tammy McKinley
Author: Brittany Lee Gaban
Author: Angela Ann Midthurn-Hensen
Author: Comfort M. Ateh
Author: Jeffrey Andrew Liebert
Author: Larry G. Heatherly
Author: 
Author: Fitzroy Dennis Bullock
Author: William Maksymowicz