Author: Robert A. PaddockPublisher:
ISBN:
Category : Thermal pollution of rivers, lakes, etc
Languages : en
Pages : 178
Book Description
Water Resources Research Program
Author: Robert A. PaddockPublisher:
ISBN:
Category : Thermal pollution of rivers, lakes, etc
Languages : en
Pages : 178
Book Description
Water Resources Research Program. Thermal Plumes from Submerged Discharges at Zion Nuclear Power Station
Author: Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
Book Description
Measurements were made of the thermal plumes from the two submerged discharges of the Zion plant into Lake Michigan during the summer of 1976. The survey results are reported in the form of horizontal isotherm maps at vertical intervals of 1.0 m, from the surface to a depth of 3.0 m, and of selected vertical cross sections. Ambient lake-water temperatures and currents were monitored throughout the study period. Analysis of data from two mappings of double plumes made in 1975 by Argonne at this site had indicated that significant interaction between the plumes from the adjacent discharges occurred in the presence of an ambient current. The interaction resulted in surface areas of the double plumes that were more than ten times the sum of two separate, single-discharge plumes. Comparisons of the results of the present surveys with the previous mappings are limited somewhat because of the difficulties in defining the ambient, or background, water temperature. Temperature data collected in the 1976 surveys exhibited large spatial and temporal variability. Vertical temperature stratification during one of these surveys resulted in entrainment of cooler near-bottom water, greatly reducing plume surface temperatures; and intrusion of a cool-water mass into the site area during the other survey made it possible to define only a range of ambient temperatures. The conclusions from the analysis of the additional double-plume data, constrained by the variability cited above, are that the surface isotherm areas associated with the downcurrent, shielded plume were larger than those of a single plume discharged in the same direction, and that the total double-plume surface isotherm area in one survey appears to exceed that of the sum of two separate, single-discharge plumes.
Thermal Plumes from Submerged Discharges at Zion Nuclear Power Station
Author: Robert A. PaddockPublisher:
ISBN:
Category : Thermal pollution of rivers, lakes, etc
Languages : en
Pages : 60
Book Description
Observation of Thermal Plumes from Submerged Discharges in the Great Lakes and Their Implications for Modeling and Monitoring. [Zion, D.C. Cook, and J.A. FitzPatrick Nuclear Power Plants].
![Observation of Thermal Plumes from Submerged Discharges in the Great Lakes and Their Implications for Modeling and Monitoring. [Zion, D.C. Cook, and J.A. FitzPatrick Nuclear Power Plants]. PDF](https://books.google.com/books/content/images/frontcover/f3SpAQAACAAJ?fife=w80-h100)
Author: Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
Book Description
Measurements of thermal plumes from submerged discharges of power plant cooling waters into the Great Lakes provide the opportunity to view the mixing processes at prototype scales and to observe the effects of the ambient environment on those processes. Examples of thermal plume behavior in Great Lakes' ambient environments are presented to demonstrate the importance of measurements of the detailed structure of the ambient environment, as well as of the plumes, for interpretation of prototype data for modeling and monitoring purposes. The examples are drawn from studies by Argonne National Laboratory (ANL) at the Zion Nuclear PowerStation and the D.C. Cook Nuclear Plant on Lake Michigan and at the J.A. FitzPatrick Nuclear Power Plant on Lake Ontario. These studies included measurements of water temperatures from a moving boat which provide a quasi-synoptic view of the three-dimensional temperature structure of the thermal plume and ambient water environment. Additional measurements of water velocities, which are made with continuously recording, moored, and profiling current meters, and of wind provide data on the detailed structure of the ambient environment. The detailed structure of the ambient environment, in terms of current, current shear, variable winds, and temperature stratification, often influence greatly thermal plume behavior. Although predictive model techniques and monitoring objectives often ignore the detailed aspects of the ambient environment, useful interpretation of prototype data for model evaluation or calibration and monitoring purposes requires detailed measurement of the ambient environment. Examination of prototype thermal plume data indicates that, in several instances, attention to only the gross characteristics of the ambient environment can be misleading and could result in significant errors in model calibration and extrapolation of data bases gathered in monitoring observations.
Field Studies of Submerged-diffuser Thermal Plumes with Comparisons to Predictive Model Results
Author: Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
Book Description
Thermal plumes from submerged discharges of cooling water from two power plants on Lake Michigan were studied. The system for the acquisition of water temperatures and ambient conditions permitted the three-dimensional structure of the plumes to be determined. The Zion Nuclear Power Station has two submerged discharge structures separated by only 94 m. Under conditions of flow from both structures, interaction between the two plumes resulted in larger thermal fields than would be predicted by the superposition of single non-interacting plumes. Maximum temperatures in the near-field region of the plume compared favorably with mathematical model predictions. A comparison of physical-model predictions for the plume at the D.C. Cook Nuclear Plant with prototype measurements indicated good agreement in the near-field region, but differences in the far-field occurred as similitude was not preserved there.
Selected Water Resources Abstracts
Author: ERDA Energy Research Abstracts
Author: United States. Energy Research and Development AdministrationPublisher:
ISBN:
Category : Medicine
Languages : en
Pages : 800
Book Description
Energy Research Abstracts
Author: Nuclear Science Abstracts
Author: Hydraulic Research in the United States and Canada, 1978
Author: Pauline H. GurewitzPublisher:
ISBN:
Category : Hydraulic engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 404
Book Description