Author: William E. DunnPublisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
Book Description
Water Resources Research Program
Author: William E. DunnWater Resources Research Program. Surface Thermal Plumes
Author: Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
Book Description
This report evaluates mathematical models that may be used to predict the flow and temperature distributions resulting from heated surface discharges from power-plant outfalls. Part One discusses the basic physics of surface-plume dispersion and provides a critical review of 11 of the most popular and promising plume models developed to predict the near- and complete-field plume. The principal conclusion of the report is that the available models, in their present stage of development, may be used to give only general estimates of plume characteristics; precise predictions are not currently possible. The Shirazi-Davis and Pritchard (No. 1) models appear superior to the others tested and are capable of correctly predicting general plume characteristics. (The predictions show roughly factor-of-two accuracy in centerline distance to a given isotherm, factor-of-two accuracy in plume width, and factor-of-five accuracy in isotherm areas.) The state of the art can best be improved by pursuing basic laboratory studies of plume dispersion along with further development of numerical-modeling techniques.
Surface Thermal Plumes
Author: William E. DunnPublisher:
ISBN:
Category : Thermal pollution of rivers, lakes, etc
Languages : en
Pages : 430
Book Description
Water Resources Research Program
Author: Robert A. PaddockPublisher:
ISBN:
Category : Thermal pollution of rivers, lakes, etc
Languages : en
Pages : 178
Book Description
Water Resources Research Program. Thermal Plumes from Submerged Discharges at Zion Nuclear Power Station
Author: Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
Book Description
Measurements were made of the thermal plumes from the two submerged discharges of the Zion plant into Lake Michigan during the summer of 1976. The survey results are reported in the form of horizontal isotherm maps at vertical intervals of 1.0 m, from the surface to a depth of 3.0 m, and of selected vertical cross sections. Ambient lake-water temperatures and currents were monitored throughout the study period. Analysis of data from two mappings of double plumes made in 1975 by Argonne at this site had indicated that significant interaction between the plumes from the adjacent discharges occurred in the presence of an ambient current. The interaction resulted in surface areas of the double plumes that were more than ten times the sum of two separate, single-discharge plumes. Comparisons of the results of the present surveys with the previous mappings are limited somewhat because of the difficulties in defining the ambient, or background, water temperature. Temperature data collected in the 1976 surveys exhibited large spatial and temporal variability. Vertical temperature stratification during one of these surveys resulted in entrainment of cooler near-bottom water, greatly reducing plume surface temperatures; and intrusion of a cool-water mass into the site area during the other survey made it possible to define only a range of ambient temperatures. The conclusions from the analysis of the additional double-plume data, constrained by the variability cited above, are that the surface isotherm areas associated with the downcurrent, shielded plume were larger than those of a single plume discharged in the same direction, and that the total double-plume surface isotherm area in one survey appears to exceed that of the sum of two separate, single-discharge plumes.
The Water Resources Research Program of the U.S. Geological Survey
Author: Geological Survey (U.S.). Water Resources Research ProgramPublisher:
ISBN:
Category : Hydrology
Languages : en
Pages : 252
Book Description
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