Water Quantity: Physics, Dynamics and Balance PDF Download

Author: M. J. Goospeed
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Freshwater biology
Languages : en
Pages : 11

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Author: Felix Franks
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 146848334X
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 610

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to arrive at some temporary consensus model or models; and to present reliable physical data pertaining to water under a range of conditions, i.e., "Dorsey revisited," albeit on a less ambitious scale. I should like to acknowledge a debt of gratitude to several of my col leagues, to Prof. D. J. G. Ives and Prof. Robert L. Kay for valuable guidance and active encouragement, to the contributors to this volume for their willing cooperation, and to my wife and daughters for the understanding shown to a husband and father who hid in his study for many an evening. My very special thanks go to Mrs. Joyce Johnson, who did all the cor respondence and much of the arduous editorial work with her usual cheerful efficiency. F. FRANKS Biophysics Division Unilever Research Laboratory ColworthjWelwyn Colworth House, Sharnbrook, Bedford March 1972 Contents Chapter 1 Introduction-Water, the Unique Chemical F. Franks I. lntroduction ........................................ . 2. The Occurrence and Distribution of Water on the Earth 2 3. Water and Life ...................................... 4 4. The Scientific Study of Water-A Short History ........ 8 5. The Place of Water among Liquids . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 . . . . . Chapter 2 The Water Moleeule C. W. Kern and M. Karplus 1. Introduction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 . . . . . . . . . . 2. Principles of Structure and Spectra: The Born-Oppenheimer Separation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 . . . . . . . . . . . . 3. The Electronic Motion ............................... 26 3.1. The Ground Electronic State of Water ............ 31 3.2. The Excited Electronic States of Water ........... 50 4. The Nuclear Motion ................................. 52 5. External-Field Effects ................................. 70 5.1. Perturbed Hartree-Fock Method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74 . . .

Author: M. J. Goodspeed
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 29

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Waters owes its dominating importance in the biosphere to its all-pervasive presence and to its unusual physical-chemical properties. The relationship of these properties to the configuration of the molecule, and of assemblages of molecules, is discussed. Salient features of global and areal water circulations are briefly reviewed, with emphasis on the association between water ane energy. Processes of quality degradation are related to the general hydrologic cycle; processes of self-purification in bulk water are birefly introduced. [Author's abstract].

Author: Kolumban Hutter
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 3642151787
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 475

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This first volume in the treatise on the Physics of Lakes deals with the formulation of the mathematical and physical background. A large number of lakes on Earth are described, presenting their morphology as well as the causes of their response to the driving environment. Because the physics of lakes cannot be described without the language used in mathematics, these subjects are introduced first by using the simplest approach and with utmost care, assuming only a limited college knowledge of classical Newtonian physics, and continues with increasing complexity and elegance, starting with the fundamental equations of Lake Hydrodynamics in the form of ‘primitive equations’ and leading to a detailed treatment of angular momentum and vorticity. Following the presentation of these fundamentals turbulence modeling is introduced with Reynolds, Favre and other non-ergodic filters. The derivation of averaged field equations is presented with different closure schemes, including the k-ε model for a Boussinesq fluid and early anisotropic closure schemes. This is followed by expositions of surface gravity waves without rotation and an analysis of the role played by the distribution of mass within water bodies on the Earth, leading to a study of internal waves. The vertical structure of wind-induced currents in homogeneous and stratified waters and the Ekman theory and some of its extensions close this first volume of Physics of Lakes. The last chapter collects formulas for the phenomenological coefficients of water.

Author: Kaye Lorraine Brubaker
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 147

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Author: W. Kosinski
Publisher: Springer
ISBN:
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 304

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Currently much research is being undertaken, within a wide range of scientific and engineering disciplines, on macroscopic phenomena associated with liquid boundaries. This volume contains articles which address the modelling of such phenomena from a variety of viewpoints. These works serve to acquaint the reader with the range of macroscopic behaviour which can occur at liquid boundaries, to indicate various aproaches to relevant continuum descriptions and the difficulties of modelling non-equilibrium situations, to demonstrate applications of continuum models to the solution of practical problems, and to convey due appreciation of experimental aspects of the subject. The specific topics addressed are phenomenological approaches to fluid-flute interfaces and the physical interpretation of associated concepts and quantities, non-equilibrium thermodynamics and statistical physics of liquid-vapour interfaces, the physics of ice-water phase-change surfaces, and the prediction of static and dynamic contact angles, wetting and spreading.

Author: Kolumban Hutter
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 9783319086262
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 1685

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The three volumes on the Physics of Lakes provide an encyclopedic overview of fundamental physical limnology. The first volume includes simple to complex model descriptions of how to develop understanding of the physical dynamics of lakes using only basic calculus. It presents classical physical laws of mass balance, momentum, angular momentum and energy at a beginner’s level. The second volume deals with barotropic and baroclinic waves in homogeneous and stratified lakes on the rotating Earth. It presents a classification of rotating shallow-water waves and describes Kelvin-type and Poincaré-type waves. The third volume is an ideal resource for graduate courses in physical oceanography and limnology. It provides in-depth information on theoretical and experimental (laboratory and field) techniques for investigating water and sediment motion in lakes.

Author: Kshudiram Saha
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 3540784276
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 374

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The author has sought to incorporate in the book some of the fundamental concepts and principles of the physics and dynamics of the atmosphere, a knowledge and understanding of which should help an average student of science to comprehend some of the great complexities of the earth-atmosphere system, in which a thr- way interaction between the atmosphere, the land and the ocean tends to maintain an overall mass and energy balance in the system through physical and dynamical processes. The book, divided into two parts and consisting of 19 chapters, introduces only those aspects of the subject that, according to the author, are deemed essential to meet the objective in view. The emphasis is more on clarity and understanding of physical and dynamical principles than on details of complex theories and ma- ematics. Attempt is made to treat each subject from ?rst principles and trace its development to present state, as far as possible. However, a knowledge of basic c- culus and differential equations is sine qua non especially for some of the chapters which appear later in the book.

Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Limnology
Languages : en
Pages : 606

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Author: Hans U. Fuchs
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 1475725426
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 725

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Based on a course given to beginning physics, chemistry, and engineering students at the Winterthur Polytechnic Institute, this text approaches the fundamentals of thermodynamics from the viewpoint of continuum mechanics. By describing physical processes in terms of the flow and balance of physical quantities, the book provides a unified approach to hydraulics, electricity, mechanics and thermodynamics. In this way it becomes clear that the entropy is the fundamental property that is transported in thermal processes and that the temperature is its measure. Previous knowledge of thermodynamics is not required, but readers should be familiar with basic electricity, mechanics, and chemistry and should have some knowledge of elementary calculus. Both the theory and applications are included as well as many exercises and solved problems from various fields of science and engineering.