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Author: Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages :
Book Description
This thesis lays out the basic principles for analyzing a water using operation and then compares the freshwater and wastewater flowrates for the system with and without reuse. First, the system is defined as a mass transfer problem in which the contaminant is transferred from a contaminant rich process stream to a water stream. Next, the system is analyzed treating each water-using operation separately. Finally, the minimum freshwater requirement for the integrated system is determined by maximum water reuse subject to constraints such as minimum driving force for mass transfer. For this analysis, the concentration composite curve, the concentration interval diagram and the freshwater pinch are introduced. The methods of regeneration reuse and recycle are also discussed. The approach for single contaminant problem is extended to multiple contaminants problem with multiple constraints. The preliminary mass exchange network is designed on the basis of concentration interval diagram and further simplification is achieved by loop breaking. The basic concepts of each method are formulated into a mathematical code to obtain computer-aided solution to a problem. Two industrial case studies are discussed to illustrate the significance of wastewater minimization and the results obtained are compared with that predicted using analytical method. The first one is a SO2 extraction problem from four process streams and the second is a petroleum refinery complex problem. An average reduction of about 20% in the freshwater requirement is achieved with water reuse while a reduction of about 60 % is achieved by regeneration reuse. There is also a reduction in the number of units in the mass exchange network by four units with water reuse.
Author: Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages :
Book Description
This thesis lays out the basic principles for analyzing a water using operation and then compares the freshwater and wastewater flowrates for the system with and without reuse. First, the system is defined as a mass transfer problem in which the contaminant is transferred from a contaminant rich process stream to a water stream. Next, the system is analyzed treating each water-using operation separately. Finally, the minimum freshwater requirement for the integrated system is determined by maximum water reuse subject to constraints such as minimum driving force for mass transfer. For this analysis, the concentration composite curve, the concentration interval diagram and the freshwater pinch are introduced. The methods of regeneration reuse and recycle are also discussed. The approach for single contaminant problem is extended to multiple contaminants problem with multiple constraints. The preliminary mass exchange network is designed on the basis of concentration interval diagram and further simplification is achieved by loop breaking. The basic concepts of each method are formulated into a mathematical code to obtain computer-aided solution to a problem. Two industrial case studies are discussed to illustrate the significance of wastewater minimization and the results obtained are compared with that predicted using analytical method. The first one is a SO2 extraction problem from four process streams and the second is a petroleum refinery complex problem. An average reduction of about 20% in the freshwater requirement is achieved with water reuse while a reduction of about 60 % is achieved by regeneration reuse. There is also a reduction in the number of units in the mass exchange network by four units with water reuse.
Author: James G. Mann Publisher: McGraw Hill Professional ISBN: 9780071348553 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 558
Book Description
Money-saving water strategies for industry.In the U.S. alone, process industries, petrochemicals, pulp and paper, metals and minerals, and many others ù will generate over 120 million tons of wastewater by the year 2000. Industrial Water Reuse and Wastewater Minimization, by James G. Mann and Y.A. Liu, describes water reuse and wastewater minimization principles and practices thatcan be used worldwide. Relatively easy to use and surprisingly inexpensive, the methods youÆll find in this important guide - particularly water-pinch technology ù are not only ecologically sound, but significantly lower manufacturing costs. Concepts are illustrated withabundant charts, tables, and real-life case studies.This resource includes a CD-ROM at no additional cost. Its Water/Target software generates freshwater use/wastewater generation targets, and suggests ways to reach them....lets you isolate bottlenecks limiting water reuse and find new reuse opportunities - all without the expense ofdetailed.
Author: Ian C. Kemp Publisher: Elsevier ISBN: 0080468268 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 415
Book Description
Pinch analysis and related techniques are the key to design of inherently energy-efficient plants. This book shows engineers how to understand and optimize energy use in their processes, whether large or small. Energy savings go straight to the bottom line as increased profit, as well as reducing emissions. This is the key guide to process integration for both experienced and newly qualified engineers, as well as academics and students. It begins with an introduction to the main concepts of pinch analysis, the calculation of energy targets for a given process, the pinch temperature and the golden rules of pinch-based design to meet energy targets. The book shows how to extract the stream data necessary for a pinch analysis and describes the targeting process in depth. Other essential details include the design of heat exchanger networks, hot and cold utility systems, CHP (combined heat and power), refrigeration and optimization of system operating conditions. Many tips and techniques for practical application are covered, supported by several detailed case studies and other examples covering a wide range of industries, including buildings and other non-process situations. The only dedicated pinch analysis and process integration guide, fully revised and expanded supported by free downloadable energy targeting software The perfect guide and reference for chemical process, food and biochemical engineers, plant engineers and professionals concerned with energy optimisation, including building designers Covers the practical analysis of both new and existing systems, with ful details of industrial applications and case studies
Author: Fernando Sebastián García Einschlag Publisher: BoD – Books on Demand ISBN: 9533072490 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 450
Book Description
The steady increase in industrialization, urbanization and enormous population growth are leading to production of huge quantities of wastewaters that may frequently cause environmental hazards. This makes waste water treatment and waste water reduction very important issues. The book offers a collection of studies and findings concerning waste water treatment, minimization and reuse.
Author: Aysel T. Atimtay Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media ISBN: 9400718675 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 261
Book Description
Over time, the increased use of fresh water for agriculture and industry together with contamination from discharges of pollutants, mean that ever more areas of the planet are becoming water-stressed. Because of the competing needs of communities and industry for fresh water, industry will be challenged to meet its growing demands for water, which is essential for producing the goods and services that would boost human welfare. Thus industry will need to learn how to cost-effectively purify and recycle its wastewater for reuse, ultimately approaching a net zero-discharge condition. The chapters in this book, written by international experts, treat the technical issues of such treatment and water management, and also provide guidance on technologies, either existing or in development, that can potentially achieve the goal of recycle-reuse. The book will serve as a useful reference for academics, government and industry professionals alike.
Author: Alan P. Rossiter Publisher: McGraw-Hill Companies ISBN: Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 400
Book Description
This volume aims to give a comprehensive view of how to design a plant to meet the new environmentally clean standards. It will also help design professionals who must modify existing plants to meet new regulations. Contributions from industry and academia are included. The book offers insights for improving design procedures and enhancing plant designs to ensure that environmentally-friendly processes are developed. Technical case studies are included.
Author: Thokozani Majozi Publisher: CRC Press ISBN: 1482252422 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 450
Book Description
The manner in which time is captured forms the foundation for synthesis, design, and optimization in batch chemical plants. However, there are still serious challenges with handling time in batch plants. Most techniques tend to assume either a fixed time dimension or adopt time average models to tame the time dimension, thereby simplifying the resu
Author: Stephen R. Smith Publisher: EOLSS Publications ISBN: 1848261195 Category : Nature Languages : en Pages : 420
Book Description
Waste Management and Minimization theme is a component of Encyclopedia of Environmental and Ecological Sciences, Engineering and Technology Resources in the global Encyclopedia of Life Support Systems (EOLSS), which is an integrated compendium of twenty one Encyclopedias. The book on Waste Management and Minimization contains contributions from distinguished experts in the field, discusses waste treatment, management and minimization. This volume is aimed at the following five major target audiences: University and College students Educators, Professional practitioners, Research personnel and Policy analysts, managers, and decision makers and NGOs.
Author: Miltiadis G. Zamparas Publisher: Elsevier ISBN: 032395281X Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 478
Book Description
Water Management and Circular Economy covers the role of water in the mainstream dimensions of society, economy, environment/ecology and technology. Along with the under conceptualization of the Circular Economy (CE), the book covers the role of recycling and reusing the otherwise lost sources of waste, gray or untapped water sources towards a second round of utility. This book bridges the gap between water inflows in nature with the wide spectrum of its potential applications in humanity. Sections cover direct and indirect entities conceptualized as “outflows, including water, energy, products and services to urban, suburban, rural and insular contexts of analysis. As such, this content will be important reading for Water Scientists, Water Managers, and civil engineers. Includes real-world applications and case studies to show how these policies can be adopted Presents global coverage, with a diverse list of contributors – all of whom are experts in the field Showcases a multidisciplinary approach, with editors from environmental and managerial backgrounds, thus helping to cross the bridge between social and science fields
Author: Bingzhen Chen Publisher: Elsevier ISBN: 0080542182 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 801
Book Description
Contains proceedings from the 8th International Symposium on Process Systems Engineering (PSE), which brought together the global community of process systems engineering researchers and practitioners involved in the creation and application of computing based methodologies for planning, design, operation, control, and maintenance of chemical processes. Contains proceeding from the 8th International Symposium on Process Systems EngineeringConference theme for PSE 2003 is 'supporting business decision making'
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Author: 
Author: James G. Mann
Author: Ian C. Kemp
Author: Fernando Sebastián García Einschlag
Author: Aysel T. Atimtay
Author: Alan P. Rossiter
Author: Thokozani Majozi
Author: Stephen R. Smith
Author: Miltiadis G. Zamparas
Author: Bingzhen Chen