Waste Package Performance Evaluation PDF Download

Author: D. Lester
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Radioactive waste disposal
Languages : en
Pages : 178

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Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :

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Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Radioactive waste disposal
Languages : en
Pages :

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Author: Harry C. Burkholder
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Radioactive waste disposal
Languages : en
Pages : 64

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Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 65

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Book Description
The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) was given a Congressional mandate to develop criteria and regulations governing the ocean disposal of all forms of waste. The EPA taken an active role both nationally and within the international nuclear regulatory community to develop the effective controls necessary to protect the health and safety of man and the marine environment. The EPA Office of Radiation Programs (ORP) first initiated feasibility studies to determine whether current technologies could be applied toward determining the fate of radioactive waste disposed of in the past. After successfully locating actual radioactive waste packages in formerly used disposal sites, in the United States, the Office of Radiation Programs developed an intensive program of site characterization studies to examine biological, chemical and physical characteristics including evaluations of the concentration and distribution of radionuclides within these sites, and has conducted a performance evaluation of past packaging techniques and materials. Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL) has performed container corrosion and matrix analysis studies on the recovered radioactive waste packages. This report presents the final results of laboratory analyses performed. 17 refs., 40 figs., 7 tabs.

Author: Robert S. Dyer
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Hazardous wastes
Languages : en
Pages : 63

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Author: T. SULLIVAN
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 28

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Prior to subsurface burial of low- and intermediate-level radioactive wastes, a demonstration that disposal of the wastes can be accomplished while protecting the health and safety of the general population is required. The long-time frames over which public safety must be insured necessitates that this demonstration relies, in part, on computer simulations of events and processes that will occur in the future. This demonstration, known as a Safety Assessment, requires understanding the performance of the disposal facility, waste containers, waste forms, and contaminant transport to locations accessible to humans. The objective of the coordinated research program is to examine the state-of-the-art in testing and evaluation short-lived low- and intermediate-level waste packages (container and waste form) in near surface repository conditions. The link between data collection and long-term predictions is modeling. The objective of this study is to review state-of-the-art modeling approaches for waste package performance. This is accomplished by reviewing the fundamental concepts behind safety assessment and demonstrating how waste package models can be used to support safety assessment. Safety assessment for low- and intermediate-level wastes is a complicated process involving assumptions about the appropriate conceptual model to use and the data required to support these models. Typically due to the lack of long-term data and the uncertainties from lack of understanding and natural variability, the models used in safety assessment are simplistic. However, even though the models are simplistic, waste container and waste form performance are often central to the case for making a safety assessment. An overview of waste container and waste form performance and typical models used in a safety assessment is supplied. As illustrative examples of the role of waste container and waste package performance, three sample test cases are provided. An example of the impacts of distributed container failure times on cumulative release and peak concentration is provided to illustrate some of the complexities in safety assessment and how modeling can be used to support the conceptual approach in safety assessment and define data requirements. Two examples of the role of the waste form in controlling release are presented to illustrate the importance of waste form performance to safety assessment. These examples highlight the difficulties in changing the conceptual model from something that is conservative and defensible (such as instant release of all the activity) to more representative conceptual models that account for known physical and chemical processes (such as diffusion), The second waste form example accounts for the experimental observation that often a thin film with low diffusion properties forms on the waste form surface. The implications of formation of such a layer on release are investigated and the implications of attempting to account for this phenomena in a safety assessment are addressed.

Author: W. J. O'Connell
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Computer-aided design
Languages : en
Pages : 0

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Integrated assessments of the performance of nuclear waste package designs must be made in order to qualify waste package designs with respect tot he containment time and release-rate requirements set by the NRC in the Code of Federal Regulations (10 CFR 60). PANDORA is a computer-based model of the waste package and of the processes affecting it over the long term, specific to conditions at the proposed Yucca Mountain, Nevada, site.

Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Radioactive waste disposal
Languages : en
Pages : 410

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Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Radioactive waste disposal in the ground
Languages : en
Pages : 438

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