Wage Inequality and Structural Reform PDF Download
Are you looking for read ebook online? Search for your book and save it on your Kindle device, PC, phones or tablets. Download Wage Inequality and Structural Reform PDF full book. Access full book title Wage Inequality and Structural Reform by Mauricio Cardenas. Download full books in PDF and EPUB format.
Author: Mauricio Cardenas Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 0
Book Description
This paper applies a simple two-factor framework that separates shifts in the relative supply of and demand for more educated workers. The results indicate that the decrease in the skill premium between 1976 and 1981 is related to the reduction in the relative demand for skilled workers, and the post-1991 increase in relative wages can be attributed to the rapid increase in their relative demand. Changes in relative supply are less helpful in explaining differences in relative wage behavior across periods. Moreover, the paper argues that trade liberalization is not the driving force behind changes in relative demand. In fact, changes in the share of skilled employment have taken place within industries, rather than involving a sharp sectorial reallocation of workers. We emphasize skill complementary technological change as the key factor behind changes in the relative demand. Further evidence in this direction is provided by the fact that the largest changes in the relative earnings of the more educated workers have taken place in non-traded sectors.
Author: Mauricio Cardenas Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 0
Book Description
This paper applies a simple two-factor framework that separates shifts in the relative supply of and demand for more educated workers. The results indicate that the decrease in the skill premium between 1976 and 1981 is related to the reduction in the relative demand for skilled workers, and the post-1991 increase in relative wages can be attributed to the rapid increase in their relative demand. Changes in relative supply are less helpful in explaining differences in relative wage behavior across periods. Moreover, the paper argues that trade liberalization is not the driving force behind changes in relative demand. In fact, changes in the share of skilled employment have taken place within industries, rather than involving a sharp sectorial reallocation of workers. We emphasize skill complementary technological change as the key factor behind changes in the relative demand. Further evidence in this direction is provided by the fact that the largest changes in the relative earnings of the more educated workers have taken place in non-traded sectors.
Author: Joanna Tyrowicz Publisher: ISBN: Category : Income distribution Languages : en Pages : 35
Book Description
Income inequality in the context of large structural change has received a lot of attention in the literature, but most studies relied on household post-transfer inequality measures. This study utilizes a novel and fairly comprehensive collection of micro data sets from between 1980?s and 2010 for both advanced market economies and economies undergoing transition from central planning to market based system. We show that wage inequality was initially lower in transition economies and immediately upon the change of the economic system surpassed the levels observed in advanced economies. We find a very weak link between structural change and wages in both advanced and post-transition economies, despite the predictions from skill-biased technological change literature. The decomposition of changes in wage inequality into a part attributable to changes in characteristics (mainly education) and a part attributable to changes in rewards does not yield any leading factors.
Author: Mr.Santiago Acosta Ormaechea Publisher: International Monetary Fund ISBN: 1484306988 Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 46
Book Description
We estimate the effects on growth of nine fiscal reform episodes in seven high-income countries using the Synthetic Control Method. These episodes are selected using an indicator-based approach applied to the evaluation of growth-friendly fiscal reforms during 1975-2010. We find that in reform countries the annual growth rate of real GDP was on average about 1 percentage point above their synthetic units 10 years after each respective reform. Moreover, countries which were initially less developed seemed to experience a larger growth impact after their reforms. Results are broadly robust to controlling for structural reforms on business regulation, financial market, labor market, and legal and product markets, which may also affect growth. Our findings also suggest that inequality is not affected by the growth-friendly fiscal reforms analyzed in this paper.
Author: Julius Spatz Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 68
Book Description
This paper seeks to contribute to the ongoing controversy on the distributional effects of structural reforms in developing countries. Applying inequality indices and Fields' (2001) decomposition methodology to Bolivian household survey data of the years 1989 to 1997, we identify recent trends in wage inequality of urban Bolivia. Using a rent-based dual-economy model, we can link these trends to the structural reforms undertaken in Bolivia since 1985.
Author: Ara Stepanyan Publisher: International Monetary Fund ISBN: 1513526871 Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 30
Book Description
Spain’s structural reforms, implemented around 2012, have arguably contributed to a faster and stronger economic recovery. In particular, there is strong evidence that the 2012 labor market reforms increased wage flexibility, which helped the Spanish economy to regain competitiveness and create jobs. But the impact of these labor reforms on income inequality and social inclusion has not been analyzed much. This paper aims to shed light on this issue by employing an econometric decomposition procedure combined with the synthetic control method. The results indicate that the 2012 labor reforms have helped improve employment and income equality outcomes with no substantial impact on the overall risk of poverty. Nevertheless, the reforms appear to have induced a deterioration of average hours worked, in-work poverty, and possibly also of involuntary part-time employment.
Author: Jorge Alvarez Publisher: International Monetary Fund ISBN: 1484336364 Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 53
Book Description
A key feature of developing economies is that wages in agriculture are significantly below those of other sectors. Using Brazilian household surveys and administrative panel data, I use information on workers who switch sectors to decompose the drivers of this gap. I find that most of the gap is explained by differences in worker composition. The evidence speaks against the existence of large short-term gains from reallocating workers out of agriculture and favors recently proposed Roy models of inter-sector sorting. A calibrated sorting model of structural transformation can account for the wage gap level observed and its decline as the economy transitioned out of agriculture.
Author: Saumik Paul Publisher: Brookings Institution Press ISBN: 4899741006 Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 0
Book Description
Simon Kuznets’ views about the inverted-U relationship between inequality and development and the process of structural transformation have long been under the lens of researchers. Over the last 20 years, immense potential for growth in Asia has been facilitated by structural transformation. However, it remains undecided whether the contribution of structural transformation will stay as a crucial factor in determining potential productivity growth and income distribution. This book brings together novel conceptual frameworks and empirical evidence from country case studies on topics related to structural transformation, globalization, and income inequality.
Author: Philipp Henze Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 49
Book Description
This paper measures the impact of sectoral composition, international trade and technological progress on the rising wage gap in Germany. I find a positive effect of the increasing importance of services on the rising wage gap in Germany that is comparable to the effects of international trade and technological change. To quantify the causal relationship between the structural change of the German economy and the wage premium, I use the "Establishment History Panel" (in German: Betriebs-Historik-Panel - BHP), a detailed establishment-level data set provided by the German Federal Employment Office covering the period 1975-2010. This empirical work puts the focus on an important cause of the rising wage gap that so far has been largely ignored by the literature.
Author: Ms.Stefania Fabrizio Publisher: International Monetary Fund ISBN: 1475566220 Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 42
Book Description
Despite sustained economic growth and rapid poverty reductions, income inequality remains stubbornly high in many low-income developing countries. This pattern is a concern as high levels of inequality can impair the sustainability of growth and macroeconomic stability, thereby also limiting countries’ ability to reach the Sustainable Development Goals. This underscores the importance of understanding how policies aimed at boosting economic growth affect income inequality. Using empirical and modeling techniques, the note confirms that macro-structural policies aimed at raising growth payoffs in low-income developing countries can have important distributional consequences, with the impact dependent on both the design of reforms and on country-specific economic characteristics. While there is no one-size-fits-all recipe, the note explores how governments can address adverse distributional consequences of reforms by designing reform packages to make pro-growth policies also more inclusive.
Author: Mauricio Cardenas
Author: Mauricio Cardenas
Author: Joanna Tyrowicz
Author: Mr.Santiago Acosta Ormaechea
Author: Julius Spatz
Author: Ara Stepanyan
Author: Jorge Alvarez
Author: Saumik Paul
Author: Yasuyuki Osumi
Author: Philipp Henze
Author: Ms.Stefania Fabrizio