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Author: Karthik Kumarasamy Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages :
Book Description
Groundwater is an important natural resource for numerous human activities, accounting for more than 50% of the total water used in the United States. Groundwater is vulnerable to contamination by several organic and inorganic pollutants such as nitrate, heavy metals, and pesticides. Assessment of groundwater vulnerability aids in the management and protection of limited groundwater resources. The focus of this thesis is to (1) statistically compare two groundwater vulnerability assessment models; modified DRASTIC (Acronym for Depth to water, net Recharge, Aquifer media, Soil media, Topography, Impact of vadose zone, and hydraulic Conductivity of aquifer) and ordinal logistic regression for NO3- contamination of shallow groundwater of the US, (2) analyze any discrepancies in the predictability of each of these models, and (3) discuss the advantage of each of the above-mentioned models with respect to performance, data requirement, and its ability to predict vulnerability. Analysis of NO3- concentration in groundwater allows for a reliable comparison of the two models. The results from the OLR model indicate a better correlation between the observed and average predicted probabilities. A very low R2 value was obtained between the modified DRASTIC and nitrate concentration, indicating poor prediction capabilities and need for high resolution data. Limitation with respect to requirement of more data with respect to prediction is seen in both the methods.
Author: Karthik Kumarasamy Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages :
Book Description
Groundwater is an important natural resource for numerous human activities, accounting for more than 50% of the total water used in the United States. Groundwater is vulnerable to contamination by several organic and inorganic pollutants such as nitrate, heavy metals, and pesticides. Assessment of groundwater vulnerability aids in the management and protection of limited groundwater resources. The focus of this thesis is to (1) statistically compare two groundwater vulnerability assessment models; modified DRASTIC (Acronym for Depth to water, net Recharge, Aquifer media, Soil media, Topography, Impact of vadose zone, and hydraulic Conductivity of aquifer) and ordinal logistic regression for NO3- contamination of shallow groundwater of the US, (2) analyze any discrepancies in the predictability of each of these models, and (3) discuss the advantage of each of the above-mentioned models with respect to performance, data requirement, and its ability to predict vulnerability. Analysis of NO3- concentration in groundwater allows for a reliable comparison of the two models. The results from the OLR model indicate a better correlation between the observed and average predicted probabilities. A very low R2 value was obtained between the modified DRASTIC and nitrate concentration, indicating poor prediction capabilities and need for high resolution data. Limitation with respect to requirement of more data with respect to prediction is seen in both the methods.
Author: David N. Sam Publisher: ISBN: Category : Aquifers Languages : en Pages : 162
Book Description
This study assesses the level of nitrate contamination of the aquifer system in Hartford County. A GIS model that was developed by the United States Environmental Protection Agency was used to map the spatial distribution of vulnerability of the aquifer systems in Hartford County to potential nitrate contamination. Accordingly the study sought to assess the degree of vulnerability of the shallow aquifer systems in Hartford County to potential nitrate contamination. It was also carried out to find out the extent to which aquifers in the region have been impacted by nitrate leaching. In the study, soil and land-use data about the region were collected from the Connecticut Department Energy and Environmental Protection (DEEP). Other data, such as distance to waste sewage service location, net recharge, aquifer media, slope, hydraulic and the impact of the vadose zone was compiled from a database maintained by the USGS. A table containing the attributes of all seven hydrogeological factors was constructed and a goedatabase file was created for the data. The Drastic technique for groundwater mapping was adopted within ArcGIS to evaluate pollution potential of aquifers in the study area. After generating seven factors, numerical weights ranging from 1-10 based on each factor's relative impact on pollution was assigned. The factor with the most significant parameter for water quality was assigned a weight of 1 while the least significant factor was assigned a weight of 10. After this a vulnerability index was computed as the weighted sum of the seven factor maps. The final map shows very high degree of vulnerability of among bedrocks within Hartford County. Thus, about 80% of groundwater in the study area was found to be highly vulnerable to nitrate contamination. It is estimated that a significant amount of nitrate could be present in every 50gallons of water that is pumped from wells in most areas in the study area. Wells located in the low contaminated areas had a low possibility of nitrate contamination. The study addressed the problem of using a computer-based technology to show nitrate leaching into aquifers within the study area. The final map could be used in a public awareness campaign to educate the general public, especially communities in the study area about groundwater contamination in the region. The study recommends that groundwater in the region should be closely monitored for nitrate pollution. This is particularly true for individuals who live solely on well water in rural parts of the Hartford County. To do this, the study recommends the utilization of non-nitrate based fertilizers on farmlands along the Connecticut River. Sewage treatment centers in the region could also be consolidated to help reduce the exposure to sewage treatment in the region.
Author: Larry W. Canter Publisher: Routledge ISBN: 1351428659 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 215
Book Description
This time-saving book provides extensive coverage of all important aspects of nitrates in groundwater, ranging from prevention to problem assessment to remediation. It begins by highlighting the nitrogen cycle and related health concerns, providing both background information and a unique perspective on health issues. It then analyzes subsurface pr
Author: Harriet Nash Publisher: Springer ISBN: 0412586207 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 204
Book Description
Groundwater quality monitoring and testing is of paramount importance both in the developed and developing world. This book presents a series of papers illustrating the varied nature of current research into groundwater quality. Urban and rural supplies are covered through a case history approach, and the importance of remedial action to prevent deterioration is emphasized.
Author: National Research Council Publisher: National Academies Press ISBN: 0309047994 Category : Nature Languages : en Pages : 227
Book Description
Since the need to protect ground water from pollution was recognized, researchers have made progress in understanding the vulnerability of ground water to contamination. Yet, there are substantial uncertainties in the vulnerability assessment methods now available. With a wealth of detailed information and practical advice, this volume will help decision-makers derive the most benefit from available assessment techniques. It offers: Three laws of ground water vulnerability. Six case studies of vulnerability assessment. Guidance for selecting vulnerability assessments and using the results. Reviews of the strengths and limitations of assessment methods. Information on available data bases, primarily at the federal level. This book will be indispensable to policymakers and resource managers, environmental professionals, researchers, faculty, and students involved in ground water issues, as well as investigators developing new assessment methods.
Author: Karthik Kumarasamy
Author: Karthik Kumarasamy
Author: David N. Sam
Author: Michael J. Focazio
Author: Martha L. Erwin
Author: Larry W. Canter
Author: Bernard T. Nolan
Author: 
Author: Harriet Nash
Author: Wayne A. Pettyjohn
Author: National Research Council