Vulnerability of a Fractured Dolostone Aquifer to Emerging Sewage-derived Contaminants and Their Use as Indicators of Virus Contamination PDF Download
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Author: Amy Allen Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages :
Book Description
During an 8 month sampling campaign, 22 wells (11 private, 8 municipal, and 3 monitoring wells) completed in the fractured Silurian dolostone aquifers of southern Wellington County, Ontario, Canada were sampled for enteric viruses, fecal bacteria, artificial sweeteners, pharmaceuticals, and other common constituents of human and animal sewage. The vulnerability of fractured bedrock aquifers to sewage-derived contaminants was highlighted when 91% of the sampling wells exhibited at least one of the 49 sewage derived contaminants analyzed in this investigation. Low concentrations of viruses were found in 45% of the wells but each of these wells only exhibited viruses on one of the monthly sampling events. Current regulations in Canada and the United States require the monitoring of total coliforms and E. coli to determine the presence of a sewage influence in drinking water supplies, but statistical calculations of positive and negative predictive values, specificity, and sensitivity showed that the artificial sweetener acesulfame may act as a more effective tracer of sewage-derived contamination and the combination of ibuprofen and total coliforms may be able to indicate up to 70% of virus occurrences in southern Wellington County's fractured bedrock aquifers. While the results may suggest that private well owners consuming untreated groundwater are at risk of acute gastrointestinal illness, the scope of the current study does not permit an assessment with regards to the risk of consuming water from municipal supplies.
Author: Amy Allen Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages :
Book Description
During an 8 month sampling campaign, 22 wells (11 private, 8 municipal, and 3 monitoring wells) completed in the fractured Silurian dolostone aquifers of southern Wellington County, Ontario, Canada were sampled for enteric viruses, fecal bacteria, artificial sweeteners, pharmaceuticals, and other common constituents of human and animal sewage. The vulnerability of fractured bedrock aquifers to sewage-derived contaminants was highlighted when 91% of the sampling wells exhibited at least one of the 49 sewage derived contaminants analyzed in this investigation. Low concentrations of viruses were found in 45% of the wells but each of these wells only exhibited viruses on one of the monthly sampling events. Current regulations in Canada and the United States require the monitoring of total coliforms and E. coli to determine the presence of a sewage influence in drinking water supplies, but statistical calculations of positive and negative predictive values, specificity, and sensitivity showed that the artificial sweetener acesulfame may act as a more effective tracer of sewage-derived contamination and the combination of ibuprofen and total coliforms may be able to indicate up to 70% of virus occurrences in southern Wellington County's fractured bedrock aquifers. While the results may suggest that private well owners consuming untreated groundwater are at risk of acute gastrointestinal illness, the scope of the current study does not permit an assessment with regards to the risk of consuming water from municipal supplies.
Author: Anthony J Jakeman Publisher: Springer ISBN: 3319235761 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 756
Book Description
The aim of this book is to document for the first time the dimensions and requirements of effective integrated groundwater management (IGM). Groundwater management is a formidable challenge, one that remains one of humanity’s foremost priorities. It has become a largely non-renewable resource that is overexploited in many parts of the world. In the 21st century, the issue moves from how to simply obtain the water we need to how we manage it sustainably for future generations, future economies, and future ecosystems. The focus then becomes one of understanding the drivers and current state of the groundwater resource, and restoring equilibrium to at-risk aquifers. Many interrelated dimensions, however, come to bear when trying to manage groundwater effectively. An integrated approach to groundwater necessarily involves many factors beyond the aquifer itself, such as surface water, water use, water quality, and ecohydrology. Moreover, the science by itself can only define the fundamental bounds of what is possible; effective IGM must also engage the wider community of stakeholders to develop and support policy and other socioeconomic tools needed to realize effective IGM. In order to demonstrate IGM, this book covers theory and principles, embracing: 1) an overview of the dimensions and requirements of groundwater management from an international perspective; 2) the scale of groundwater issues internationally and its links with other sectors, principally energy and climate change; 3) groundwater governance with regard to principles, instruments and institutions available for IGM; 4) biophysical constraints and the capacity and role of hydroecological and hydrogeological science including water quality concerns; and 5) necessary tools including models, data infrastructures, decision support systems and the management of uncertainty. Examples of effective, and failed, IGM are given. Throughout, the importance of the socioeconomic context that connects all effective IGM is emphasized. Taken as a whole, this work relates the many facets of effective IGM, from the catchment to global perspective.
Author: Zoran Stevanović Publisher: Springer ISBN: 3319128507 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 698
Book Description
This practical training guidebook makes an important contribution to karst hydrogeology. It presents supporting material for academic courses worldwide that include this and similar topics. It is an excellent sourcebook for students and other attendees of the International Karst School: Characterization and Engineering of Karst Aquifers, which opened in Trebinje, Bosnia & Herzegovina in 2014 and which will be organized every year in early summer. As opposed to more theoretical works, this is a catalog of possible engineering interventions in karst and their implications. Although the majority of readers will be professionals with geology/hydrogeology backgrounds, the language is not purely technical making it accessible to a wider audience. This means that the methodology, case studies and experiences presented will also benefit water managers working in karst environments.
Author: World Health Organization Publisher: World Health Organization ISBN: 9241546689 Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 697
Book Description
This publication provides a structured approach to analyzing hazards to groundwater quality, assessing the risk they may cause for a specific supply, setting priorities in addressing these, and developing management strategies for their control. This book summarizes which pathogens and chemicals are relevant to human health, how they are transported, reduced, removed or retarded; provides practical guidance on characterizing the drinking-water catchment area and assessing potential health hazards; provides guidance on prioritising both hazards and management responses; presents key information on potential management actions and explains their integration into a comprehensive Water Safety Plan from catchment to consumer; and describes policy, land-use planning and implementation of pollution prevention, groundwater, with overviews of specific management approaches applicable to agriculture, sanitation, industry, mining, military sites, waste disposal and traffic.--Publisher's description.
Author: Harriet Nash Publisher: Springer ISBN: 0412586207 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 204
Book Description
Groundwater quality monitoring and testing is of paramount importance both in the developed and developing world. This book presents a series of papers illustrating the varied nature of current research into groundwater quality. Urban and rural supplies are covered through a case history approach, and the importance of remedial action to prevent deterioration is emphasized.
Author: Deborah V Chapman Publisher: CRC Press ISBN: 0419215905 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 658
Book Description
This guidebook, now thoroughly updated and revised in its second edition, gives comprehensive advice on the designing and setting up of monitoring programmes for the purpose of providing valid data for water quality assessments in all types of freshwater bodies. It is clearly and concisely written in order to provide the essential information for all agencies and individuals responsible for the water quality.
Author: Amy Allen
Author: Amy Allen
Author: Michael J. Focazio
Author: Michael J. Focazio
Author: Philip Paul Reeder
Author: Anthony J Jakeman
Author: Thomas J. Dueppen
Author: Zoran Stevanović
Author: World Health Organization
Author: Harriet Nash
Author: Deborah V Chapman