Vortex, Molecular Spin and Nanovorticity PDF Download

Author: Percival McCormack
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 1461402573
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 142

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Book Description
The subject of this book is the physics of vortices. A detailed analysis of the dynamics of vortices will be presented. The important topics of vorticity and molecular spin will be dealt with, including the electromagnetic analogy and quantization in superfluids. The effect of molecular spin on the dynamics of molecular nano-confined fluids using the extended Navier-Stokes equations will also be covered –especially important to the theory and applicability of nanofluidics and associated devices. The nanoscale boundary layer and nanoscale vortex core are regions of intense vorticity (molecular spin). It will be shown, based on molecular kinetic theory and thermodynamics, that the macroscopic (solid body) rotation must be accompanied by internal rotation of the molecules. Electric polarization of the internal molecular rotations about the local rotation axis –the Barnett effect – occurs. In such a spin aligned system, major changes in the physical properties of the fluid result.

Author: Jafar Ghazanfarian
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 1040026338
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 246

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Book Description
Applied Continuum Mechanics for Thermo-Fluids presents the tensor notation rules and integral theorems before defining the preliminary concepts and applications of continuum mechanics. It bridges the gap between physical concepts and mathematical expressions with a rigorous mathematical treatment. After discussing fundamental concepts of continuum mechanics, the text explains basic subjects such as the Stokes hypothesis, the second coefficient of viscosity, non-Newtonian fluids, non-symmetric stress tensor, and the full Navier-Stokes equation. With coverage of interdisciplinary topics, the book highlights issues such as relativistic fluid mechanics, stochastic mechanics, fractional calculus, nanoscale fluid mechanics, polar fluids, electrodynamics, and traffic flows. It describes fundamental concepts of vorticity dynamics, including the definition of vorticity and circulation, with corresponding balance equations and related theorems. This text is intended for upper-level undergraduate and postgraduate mechanical, chemical, aerospace, civil engineering, and physics students taking continuum mechanics, advanced fluid mechanics, convective heat transfer, turbulence, or any other similar courses. In addition, this book can be an excellent resourec for scientists who want to trigger research on topics related to thermo-fluids. Instructors will be able to utilize a Solutions Manual and Figure Slides for their course.

Author: Timothy J Hollowood
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 3642363121
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 78

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Book Description
This Brief presents an introduction to the theory of the renormalization group in the context of quantum field theories of relevance to particle physics. Emphasis is placed on gaining a physical understanding of the running of the couplings. The Wilsonian version of the renormalization group is related to conventional perturbative calculations with dimensional regularization and minimal subtraction. An introduction is given to some of the remarkable renormalization group properties of supersymmetric theories.

Author: Albert Petrov
Publisher: Springer Nature
ISBN: 3030528626
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 77

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Book Description
This book reviews various modified gravity models, including those with modifications in the pure gravitational sector; those involving extra fields, that is, scalar-tensor and vector-tensor gravity theories; gravity models with Lorentz symmetry breaking; and nonlocal gravity models. The authors discuss both classical and quantum aspects of these theories. The book is unique in bringing together all the current alternatives to Einstein gravity in one source and serves as an excellent starting point for graduate students and other newcomers seeking an overview.

Author: Juan P. Torres
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 3527635378
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 393

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Book Description
This book deals with applications in several areas of science and technology that make use of light which carries orbital angular momentum. In most practical scenarios, the angular momentum can be decomposed into two independent contributions: the spin angular momentum and the orbital angular momentum. The orbital contribution affords a fundamentally new degree of freedom, with fascinating and wide-spread applications. Unlike spin angular momentum, which is associated with the polarization of light, the orbital angular momentum arises as a consequence of the spatial distribution of the intensity and phase of an optical field, even down to the single photon limit. Researchers have begun to appreciate its implications for our understanding of the ways in which light and matter can interact, and its practical potential in different areas of science and technology.

Author: Victor V. Kotlyar
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 1351009583
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 343

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Book Description
This book deals with theoretical bases of the modern optics division concerned with coherent light fields with singularities characterized by phase uncertainty. Singular light fields include laser vortex beams or beams that carry orbital angular momentum. Laser vortex beams that have been introduced in optics in recent years are discussed in detail. Among them, of special notice are families of asymmetric laser vortex beams that, while being devoid of radial symmetry, remain unchanged upon propagation. What makes the laser vortex beams especially interesting is the ability to preserve their structure while propagating in a scattering medium or through a turbulent atmosphere. The orbital angular momentum is an extra degree of freedom of laser vortices because beams with different topological charge can be utilized as independent channels for data transmission in wireless communications. Laser vortex beams are generated from conventional Gaussian beams using liquid crystal light modulators, which are now readily available at any optical laboratory. Provide a framework for the comparative analysis of the efficiency of different vortex beams for micromanipulation. Includes detailed illustrations, enabling the vortex structure to be easily understood even by non-experts. Presents detailed descriptions of more than a dozen most popular types of vortex laser beams. Explores how optical vortices have been used in many practical applications including conventional and quantum wireless communications, micromanipulation, optical measurements with super-resolution, spiral interferometry, microscopy, and atom cooling. Presents in a systematic and detailed form many analytical and numerical results for the propagation vortex optical beams (chiefly in the linear propagation regime).

Author: Yanan Dai
Publisher: Springer Nature
ISBN: 3030528367
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 124

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Book Description
This thesis presents significant advances in the imaging and theory of the ultrafast dynamics of surface plasmon polariton fields. The author details construction of a sub-10 femtosecond and sub-10 nanometer spatiotemporal resolution ultrafast photoemission microscope which is subsequently used for the discovery of topological meron and skyrmion-like plasmonic quasiparticles. In particular, this enabled the creation of movies of the surface plasmon polariton fields evolving on sub-optical wavelength scales at around 0.1 femtosecond per image frame undergoing vortex phase evolution. The key insight that the transverse spin of surface plasmon polaritons undergoes a texturing into meron or skyrmion-like topological quasiparticles (defined by the geometric charge of the preparation) follows. In addition, this thesis develops an analytical theory of these new topological quasiparticles, opening new avenues of research, while the ultrafast microscopy techniques established within will also be broadly applicable to studies of nanoscale optical excitations in electronic materials.

Author: Zhaowei Liu
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 1351797328
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 497

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Book Description
Plasmonics is an emerging field mainly developed within the past two decades. Due to its unique capabilities to manipulate light at deep subwavelength scales, plasmonics has been commonly treated as the most important part of nanophotonics. Plasmonic-assisted optical microscopy techniques, especially super-resolution microscopy, have shown tremendous potential and attracted much attention. This book aims to collect cutting-edge studies in various optical imaging technologies with advanced performances that are enabled or enhanced by plasmonics. The basic working principles, development details, and potential future direction and perspectives are discussed. Edited by Zhaowei Liu, a prominent researcher in the field of super-resolution microscopy, this book will be an excellent reference for anyone in the field of nanophotonics, plasmonics, and optical microscopy.

Author: Eric Le Ru
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 0080931553
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 688

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Book Description
SERS was discovered in the 1970s and has since grown enormously in breadth, depth, and understanding. One of the major characteristics of SERS is its interdisciplinary nature: it lies at the boundary between physics, chemistry, colloid science, plasmonics, nanotechnology, and biology. By their very nature, it is impossible to find a textbook that will summarize the principles needed for SERS of these rather dissimilar and disconnected topics. Although a basic understanding of these topics is necessary for research projects in SERS with all its many aspects and applications, they are seldom touched upon as a coherent unit during most undergraduate studies in physics or chemistry. This book intends to fill this existing gap in the literature. It provides an overview of the underlying principles of SERS, from the fundamental understanding of the effect to its potential applications. It is aimed primarily at newcomers to the field, graduate students, researchers or scientists, attracted by the many applications of SERS and plasmonics or its basic science. The emphasis is on concepts and background material for SERS, such as Raman spectroscopy, the physics of plasmons, or colloid science, all of them introduced within the context of SERS, and from where the more specialized literature can be followed. - Represents one of very few books fully dedicated to the topic of surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) - Gives a comprehensive summary of the underlying physical concepts around SERS - Provides a detailed analysis of plasmons and plasmonics

Author: Chris D. Geddes
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 0387276173
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 476

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Book Description
During recent years our enthusiasm for this field has continually increased. This book presents expert contributions describing the fundamental principles for the widespread use of radiative decay engineering in the biological sciences and nanotechnology.