Author: Olivia Gafford
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Face perception
Languages : en
Pages : 186

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Book Description

Author: Manas K. Mandal
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 8132219341
Category : Psychology
Languages : en
Pages : 292

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Book Description
This important volume provides a holistic understanding of the cultural, psychological, neurological and biological elements involved in human facial expressions and of computational models in the analyses of expressions. It includes methodological and technical discussions by leading scholars across the world on the subject. Automated and manual analysis of facial expressions, involving cultural, gender, age and other variables, is a growing and important area of research with important implications for cross-cultural interaction and communication of emotion, including security and clinical studies. This volume also provides a broad framework for the understanding of facial expressions of emotion with inputs drawn from the behavioural sciences, computational sciences and neurosciences.

Author: Ruth Leys
Publisher: University of Chicago Press
ISBN: 022648873X
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 399

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Book Description
In recent years, emotions have become a major, vibrant topic of research not merely in the biological and psychological sciences but throughout a wide swath of the humanities and social sciences as well. Yet, surprisingly, there is still no consensus on their basic nature or workings. Ruth Leys’s brilliant, much anticipated history, therefore, is a story of controversy and disagreement. The Ascent of Affect focuses on the post–World War II period, when interest in emotions as an object of study began to revive. Leys analyzes the ongoing debate over how to understand emotions, paying particular attention to the continual conflict between camps that argue for the intentionality or meaning of emotions but have trouble explaining their presence in non-human animals and those that argue for the universality of emotions but struggle when the question turns to meaning. Addressing the work of key figures from across the spectrum, considering the potentially misleading appeal of neuroscience for those working in the humanities, and bringing her story fully up to date by taking in the latest debates, Leys presents here the most thorough analysis available of how we have tried to think about how we feel.

Author: Paul Ekman
Publisher: ISHK
ISBN: 1883536367
Category : Psychology
Languages : en
Pages : 200

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Book Description
Filled with breakthrough research, the book explains how to identify the facial expression of basic emotions and how to tell when people try to mask, simulate or neutralize their expression. Features practical exercises to help build skills.

Author: Thuy Nguyen
Publisher: GRIN Verlag
ISBN: 3640171233
Category : Literary Collections
Languages : en
Pages : 21

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Book Description
Seminar paper from the year 2005 in the subject English Language and Literature Studies - Linguistics, grade: 1,7, University of Duisburg-Essen, course: Non-verbal aspects of communication , language: English, abstract: This essay deals with the question whether facial expressions are universal meaning that all cultures use the same mimics for expressing a certain feeling. Are these expressions innate or do they have to be learned? First, I will give an overview of Charles Darwin’s theory about the universality of facial expressions because he was the first who dealt in detail with this issue. The chapter is subdivided in three parts: the first part describes the relationship between the facial expressions of nonhuman primates and human primates. The following part deals with Darwin’s observations of the facial expression in infants and children including those children that have no opportunity to learn facial expressions from others. Finally, Darwin’s method of cross-cultural study in order to provide evidence for his claim will be presented. The second chapter depicts the behaviourists’ position that in contrast to the Universalists’ point of view is based on the belief that all facial expressions are learned and culturally bound. The main chapter represents the most current and detailed research of facial expressions. The studies of Paul Ekman and Wallace Friesen refer mainly to Darwin but also consider the cultural aspect. They introduce a neurocultural theory of emotions, showing that the facial behaviour itself is determined by biological factors as well as by social factors. Further, I will give a summary of three important experiments Ekman and Friesen conducted in order to proof that the facial expressions for the six basic emotions are universal. [...]

Author: James A. Russell
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
ISBN: 1139936107
Category : Psychology
Languages : en
Pages : 420

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Book Description
This reference work provides broad and up-to-date coverage of the major perspectives - ethological, neurobehavioral, developmental, dynamic systems, componential - on facial expression. It reviews Darwin's legacy in the theories of Izard and Tomkins and in Fridlund's recently proposed Behavioral Ecology theory. It explores continuing controversies on universality and innateness. It also updates the research guidelines of Ekman, Friesen and Ellsworth. This book anticipates emerging research questions: what is the role of culture in children's understanding of faces? In what precise ways do faces depend on the immediate context? What is the ecology of facial expression: when do different expressions occur and in what frequency? The Psychology of Facial Expressions is aimed at students, researchers and educators in psychology anthropology, and sociology who are interested in the emotive and communicative uses of facial expression.

Author: Kathrin Kaulard
Publisher: Logos Verlag Berlin GmbH
ISBN: 3832539697
Category : Psychology
Languages : en
Pages : 228

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Book Description
One of the defining attributes of the human species is sophisticated communication, for which facial expressions are crucial. Traditional research has so far mainly investigated a minority of 6 basic emotional expressions displayed as pictures. Despite the important insights of this approach, its ecological validity is limited: facial movements express more than emotions, and facial expressions are more than just pictures. The objective of the present thesis is therefore to improve the understanding of facial expression recognition by investigating the internal representations of a large range of facial expressions, displayed both as static pictures and as dynamic videos. To this end, it was necessary to develop and validate a new facial expression database which includes 20.000 stimuli of 55 expressions (study 1). Perceptual representations of the six basic emotional expressions were found previously to rely on evaluation of valence and arousal; study 2 showed that this evaluation generalises to many more expressions, particularly when displayed as videos. While it is widely accepted that knowledge influences perception, how these are linked is largely unknown; study 3 investigated this question by asking how knowledge about facial expressions, instantiated as conceptual representations, relates to perceptual representations of these expressions. A strong link was found which changed with the kind of expressions and the type of display. In probably the most extensive behavioural studies (with regards to the number of facial expressions used) to date, this thesis suggests that there are commonalities but also differences in processing of emotional and of other types of facial expressions. Thus, to understand facial expression processing, one needs to consider more than the 6 basic emotional expressions. These findings outline first steps towards a new domain in facial expression research, which has implications for a number of research and application fields where facial expressions play a role, ranging from social, developmental, and clinical psychology to computer vision and affective computing research.

Author: José-Miguel Fernández-Dols
Publisher: Oxford University Press
ISBN: 0190613513
Category : Psychology
Languages : en
Pages : 553

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Book Description
The importance of facial expressions has led to a steadily growing body of empirical findings and theoretical analyses. Every decade has seen work that extends or challenges previous thinking on facial expression. The Science of Facial Expression provides an updated review of the current psychology of facial expression . This book summarizes current conclusions and conceptual frameworks from leading figures who have shaped the field in their various subfields, and will therefore be of interest to practitioners, students, and researchers of emotion in cognitive psychology, neuroscience, biology, anthropology, linguistics, affective computing, and homeland security. Organized in eleven thematic sections, The Science of Facial Expression offers a broad perspective of the "geography" of the science of facial expression. It reviews the scientific history of emotion perception and the evolutionary origins and functions of facial expression. It includes an updated compilation on the great debate around Basic Emotion Theory versus Behavioral Ecology and Psychological constructionism. The developmental psychology and social psychology of facial expressions is explored in the role of facial expressions in child development, social interactions, and culture. The book also covers appraisal theory, concepts, neural and behavioral processes, and lesser-known facial behaviors such as yawing, vocal crying, and vomiting. In addition, the book reflects that research on the "expression of emotion" is moving towards a significance of context in the production and interpretation of facial expression The authors expose various fundamental questions and controversies yet to be resolved, but in doing so, open many sources of inspiration to pursue in the scientific study of facial expression.

Author: José-Miguel Fernández-Dols
Publisher: Oxford University Press
ISBN: 0190669047
Category : Psychology
Languages : en
Pages : 553

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Book Description
The importance of facial expressions has led to a steadily growing body of empirical findings and theoretical analyses. Every decade has seen work that extends or challenges previous thinking on facial expression. The Science of Facial Expression provides an updated review of the current psychology of facial expression . This book summarizes current conclusions and conceptual frameworks from leading figures who have shaped the field in their various subfields, and will therefore be of interest to practitioners, students, and researchers of emotion in cognitive psychology, neuroscience, biology, anthropology, linguistics, affective computing, and homeland security. Organized in eleven thematic sections, The Science of Facial Expression offers a broad perspective of the "geography" of the science of facial expression. It reviews the scientific history of emotion perception and the evolutionary origins and functions of facial expression. It includes an updated compilation on the great debate around Basic Emotion Theory versus Behavioral Ecology and Psychological constructionism. The developmental psychology and social psychology of facial expressions is explored in the role of facial expressions in child development, social interactions, and culture. The book also covers appraisal theory, concepts, neural and behavioral processes, and lesser-known facial behaviors such as yawing, vocal crying, and vomiting. In addition, the book reflects that research on the "expression of emotion" is moving towards a significance of context in the production and interpretation of facial expression The authors expose various fundamental questions and controversies yet to be resolved, but in doing so, open many sources of inspiration to pursue in the scientific study of facial expression.

Author: Pablo Caceres
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0

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Book Description
Communicating and understanding emotions from facial expressions is a fundamental process for the construction of human relationships and the effective coordination of social life. For decades, the dominant view in the field has been that despite superficial differences on the display and conceptualization (i.e., how we label) facial expressions of emotion, there is a core of universal basic emotions shared by all individuals regardless of individual and cultural differences. This is known as the 'basic emotion theory'. Such idea is sustained by a corpus of evidence produced with a forced-choice elicitation strategy (i.e., forcing participants to select labels for faces from a pre-selected set of six-to-eight words), and posed images of actors mimicking what some researchers decided are prototypical expressions of anger, fear, surprise, sadness, disgust, and happiness (the so-called, basic-emotions), according to 'Western' standards. My dissertation work presents a series of 8 studies challenges these views. Chapter 2, presents evidence from two studies showing that relative to a free-response elicitation format (i.e., allowing participants to freely label facial expression), the forced-choice elicitation format artificially increases the agreement with the expected label for the facial expression of 'basic emotions', leading in turn to a constrained and more discrete view of emotion concepts. Chapter 3, introduces a novel dueling-bandit approach to the categorization of facial expressions of emotion, showing that the best descriptor (i.e., modal response) for a given facial expression obtained with a free-response format, which usually conform with the predictions of the basic emotion theory, may be a methodological artifact of a simple fact: basic emotion categories are high-frequency terms in the English language, making them more likely to be used as responses in the freeresponse format. Chapter 4, presents a series of 4 studies challenging the universality idea behind the basic emotion theory, showing key race/ethnicity, sex, and cultural differences in both recognition accuracy of facial expressions of emotion, and in the 'sentiment' (positive vs negative) associated to images depending on the sex and race/ethnicity of the individual being judged.