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Author: Siyuan Tan Publisher: ISBN: Category : Companion planting Languages : en Pages : 132
Book Description
Two experiments were conducted on wine grapes 'Chardonnay' and 'Gewurtztraminer' (Vitis vinifera L.) in 1986 and 1987 to investigate the performance of grapes in competition with perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) 'Manhattan 11' sod, the competition between sod and grapes for nutrients and moisture and the effects of nitrogen fertilization and water supply on this competition. Three vineyard floor vegetation management methods, bare floor, mowed sod and unmowed sod, were used to establish three levels of competition between sod and grapes. Nitrogen fertilization at 0, 137 and 274 kg/ha and soil moisture varied with and without irrigation were used to evaluate certain limiting resources. Sods, whether mowed or not, significantly reduced grape growth in both 1986 and 1987 and yield in 1987. Fruit soluble solids were increased by unmowed sod treatment in 1987. The sod did not affect grape leaf P, K, Mg, Cu and Zn concentrations but reduced grape leaf N and Fe in 1986 and S, Ca, B and Mn concentrations in 1987. The sod also decreased total amounts of all nutrients measured in grape leaves. Soil moisture within grape rows was not reduced by sod in mid-July, but soil moisture measured in late July and September between grape rows was reduced by the sod. Nitrogen fertilization enhanced grape growth in 1987 but did not affect grape yield and quality. Nitrogen fertilization increased grape leaf N in 1986 and grape leaf Mg and Mn concentrations in 1987, but decreased grape leaf P, K, S, B in both 1986 and 1987, Ca in 1986 and Cu, Zn concentrations in 1987. Nitrogen fertilization increased total amounts of N, S, Ca, Mg, Mn, Fe and Zn but did not affect total amounts of P, K, Cu and B in grape leaves. Vineyard floor vegetation management and nitrogen fertilization interacted significantly when evaluated by measuring grape leaf nitrogen concentration in 1987. Nitrogen fertilization at the rates used can compensate for the reduction of nitrogen in grape leaves caused by the sod. Nitrogen fertilization and water supply enhanced each other in affecting grape growth. Irrigation had no significant effect on grape leaf N, P, Ca, Mg, Mn and Fe concentrations but increased K, S, Cu, B and Zn concentrations and total amounts of all nutrients except Fe measured in mowed sod plots receiving no nitrogen fertilizer. Grass growth was not reduced by mowing, consequently mowed and unmowed sod treatments were not significantly different from each other as measured by grape growth, yield and nutrient status. Grass growth was enhanced by nitrogen fertilization.
Author: Siyuan Tan Publisher: ISBN: Category : Companion planting Languages : en Pages : 132
Book Description
Two experiments were conducted on wine grapes 'Chardonnay' and 'Gewurtztraminer' (Vitis vinifera L.) in 1986 and 1987 to investigate the performance of grapes in competition with perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) 'Manhattan 11' sod, the competition between sod and grapes for nutrients and moisture and the effects of nitrogen fertilization and water supply on this competition. Three vineyard floor vegetation management methods, bare floor, mowed sod and unmowed sod, were used to establish three levels of competition between sod and grapes. Nitrogen fertilization at 0, 137 and 274 kg/ha and soil moisture varied with and without irrigation were used to evaluate certain limiting resources. Sods, whether mowed or not, significantly reduced grape growth in both 1986 and 1987 and yield in 1987. Fruit soluble solids were increased by unmowed sod treatment in 1987. The sod did not affect grape leaf P, K, Mg, Cu and Zn concentrations but reduced grape leaf N and Fe in 1986 and S, Ca, B and Mn concentrations in 1987. The sod also decreased total amounts of all nutrients measured in grape leaves. Soil moisture within grape rows was not reduced by sod in mid-July, but soil moisture measured in late July and September between grape rows was reduced by the sod. Nitrogen fertilization enhanced grape growth in 1987 but did not affect grape yield and quality. Nitrogen fertilization increased grape leaf N in 1986 and grape leaf Mg and Mn concentrations in 1987, but decreased grape leaf P, K, S, B in both 1986 and 1987, Ca in 1986 and Cu, Zn concentrations in 1987. Nitrogen fertilization increased total amounts of N, S, Ca, Mg, Mn, Fe and Zn but did not affect total amounts of P, K, Cu and B in grape leaves. Vineyard floor vegetation management and nitrogen fertilization interacted significantly when evaluated by measuring grape leaf nitrogen concentration in 1987. Nitrogen fertilization at the rates used can compensate for the reduction of nitrogen in grape leaves caused by the sod. Nitrogen fertilization and water supply enhanced each other in affecting grape growth. Irrigation had no significant effect on grape leaf N, P, Ca, Mg, Mn and Fe concentrations but increased K, S, Cu, B and Zn concentrations and total amounts of all nutrients except Fe measured in mowed sod plots receiving no nitrogen fertilizer. Grass growth was not reduced by mowing, consequently mowed and unmowed sod treatments were not significantly different from each other as measured by grape growth, yield and nutrient status. Grass growth was enhanced by nitrogen fertilization.
Author: Markus Keller Publisher: Academic Press ISBN: 0128167025 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 556
Book Description
The Science of Grapevines, Third Edition reflects the latest insights into cultivar relationships, vascular transport, hormone action, and stress responses of grapevines. Based on the author’s many years of teaching, research and practical experience with grapevines and grape production, the book is completely revised and updated, presenting a comprehensive introduction on the physical structure of the grapevine, its organs, their functions, and their environmental interactions. While many concepts discussed are broadly applicable to plants in general, the focus is on grapevines, especially cultivated grapevines. This book enables readers to use these concepts in their own scientific research or in practical production systems. Scientifically grounded and integrating discoveries in other plant species, the book explores the physiological processes underlying grapevine form and function, their developmental and environmental control, and their implications for practical vineyard management. Improves user understanding of the impact of their management decisions and cultural practices Enables prediction of the consequences of actions in the vineyard and the diagnosis and mitigation of potential problems before they threaten the sustainability of grape production Includes specific insights on canopy-environment interactions, yield formation, sources of variation in fruit composition and environmental constraints
Author: Chuck A. Ingels Publisher: University of California, Agriculture and Natural Resources ISBN: 9781879906358 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 172
Book Description
This guide features cutting-edge methods for using cover crops to enhance vineyard performance. Based on extensive research, this guide details technical and theoretical information on how cover crops affect vineyards and promote ecological stability. With how-to instructions for activities such as field application, this practical reference is a must-have for vineyard owners, managers, consultants, and pest control advisers.
Author: Michelle Moyer Publisher: ISBN: Category : Grapes Languages : en Pages : 45
Book Description
Understanding the nutrient requirements of perennial fruit crops is paramount to the longevity and sustainability of a commercial operation. This guide provides basic information on grape plant nutritional requirements, and how those nutrients become available for use. It also provides specific information relating to vineyards; how site, soil, and viticulture practices influence nutrient uptake. Information on how to soil and tissue test for vine nutrient status is described, as well as specific recommendations for correcting nutrient deficiencies, broken down by the key macro- and micronutrients required by grapevines.
Author: Ted Goldammer Publisher: ISBN: 9780967521251 Category : Grape industry Languages : en Pages : 482
Book Description
"Updated and revised to keep pace with developments, the third edition of Grape Grower's Handbook: a Guide to Viticulture for Wine Production is meant to be a stand-alone publication that describes all aspects of wine grape production. The book is written in a nontechnical format designed to be practical and well-suited for vineyard applications."--Back cover.
Author: LARRY J. BETTIGA Publisher: UCANR Publications ISBN: 1601078005 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 625
Book Description
In the much anticipated 3rd edition of Grape Pest Management, more than 70 research scientists, cooperative extension advisors and specialists, growers, and pest control advisers have consolidated the latest scientific studies and research into one handy reference. The result is a comprehensive, easy-to-read pest management tool. The new edition, the first in over a decade, includes several new invasive species that are now major pests. It also reflects an improved understanding among researchers, farmers, and growers about the biology of pests. With nine expansive chapters, helpful, colorful photos throughout, here’s more of what you’ll find: •Diagnostic techniques for identifying vineyard problems •Detailed descriptions of more than a dozen diseases •Comprehensive, illustrated listings of insect and mite pests,including the recently emerging glassy winged sharpshooter and Virginia creeper leaf-hopper •Regional calendars of events for viticultural management •Up-to-date strategies for vegetation management
Author: Amanda M. Weidhuner Publisher: ISBN: Category : Floors Languages : en Pages : 250
Book Description
Traditional vineyard floor management in the eastern USA consists of mown resident vegetation in the aisle and herbicide bare driplines, promoting soil erosion and crusting, compaction, lowered water penetration, herbicide resistance, difficult weed management, increased plant parasitic nematode populations and decreased soil biodiversity for pest management. To investigate these issues, four novel vineyard floor management techniques and two N-fertilizer applications were investigated using nematode assemblages as a bioindicator of soil health. Main-plot groundcover treatments include: 1.) grower control, consisting of mown fescue (Festuca arundinacea ) in the aisle with herbicide bare vine dripline, 2.) red fescue, creeping red fescue (Festuca rubra L.) established in both the aisle and vine dripline, 3.) successional, annually planted cereal rye (Secale cereale L.), spring oats (Avena sativa L.), and sorghum-sudan grass (Sorgum x drummondii) by planting them in succession with a no-till drill throughout the year, 4.) compost treatment consisted of a 2 to 1 mix of hardwood mulch and composted winery pomace applied across both the vineyard aisle and vine dripline. Split-plot nitrogen treatments include: 1.) no nitrogen fertility applied to grapevines, 2). 20 lb. N/ac applied to grapevine dripline at budbreak, bloom and veraison. The randomized complete block design with four main-plot treatments, two split-plot treatments and five blocks was established in 2013 and 2014 in a commercial mature Norton vineyard, planted in 2003, at 2.44 x 3.66 m spacing, in southern Illinois on a Hosmer silt-loam. The canonical analysis of principle components clearly revealed that compost and successional treatments were particularly effective at shifting nematode assemblages to higher populations of cp-5 nematodes to correlate with increases in soil respiration and organic matter, thus indicating establishment of a stable soil health structure both physically and ecologically. The results of the soil health analysis panel (soil respiration, water extracted organic carbon and water extracted macro-and micro-soil elements), consistently supported the interpretation of nematode community structure analysis. In fall 2015 the compost, red fescue and successional groundcovers combined with P and K soil fertility amendments increased water extractable K (WEK) in the aisle by 85%, 59% and 71%, respectively, compared to control; they similarly increased WEK in the aisle by 46%, 59% and 71%, respectively, in summer 2016. In the dripline WEK was increased 140%, 238% and 249%, respectively, by compost, red fescue and successional treatments that received no-N-prescription, compared to the control. The application of prescription-N increased WEK by 25% and 21%, respectively, in the compost and successional treatments that had a generous mulch layer. Soil P response to groundcover treatment clearly distinguished among each treatment the impact of nutrient turnover levels with water extracted P levels: successional > red fescue > compost > control, unique to each treatment. The water extracted mineral element levels detected with the soil health analysis were one-half to one-ninth the concentration extracted with the Mehlich-III test. Red fescue tripled the population of Pratylenchus spp. (236/100cc soil) in the dripline with prescription-N fertilization compared to no-N. Red fescue and successional treatments increased Helicotylenchus spp. populations by ~657% and ~172%, respectively, compared to compost (92/100cc soil) which closely resembled control response average in the dripline across 2015 and 2016. Prescription-N reduced Longidorus spp. by 78% compared to no-N treatment (23/100cc soil) in the dripline of fall 2015. Additionally, prescription-N added to the red fescue and successional treatments reduced Xiphinema spp. populations by 57% and 92%, respectively, compared to the control (52/100cc soil). Compost and successional groundcover treatments dramatically increased grapevine yield and crop size by 38% and 30%; and 29% and 38%, respectively, compared to grower control. The prescription N-fertilizer increased yield and crop size by 13% and 17%, respectively, compared to no-N. Compost and successional also increased Ravaz index by 33% and 60%, respectively, over control without reducing vine size which indicated their future vineyard sustainability.
Author: Siyuan Tan
Author: Siyuan Tan
Author: Markus Keller
Author: Western Society of Weed Science (U.S.)
Author: Gregory Louis Hostetler
Author: Chuck A. Ingels
Author: Michelle Moyer
Author: Ted Goldammer
Author: LARRY J. BETTIGA
Author: 
Author: Amanda M. Weidhuner