Vascular Perfusion in Cancer Therapy PDF Download

Author: K. Schwemmle
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 3642820255
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 381

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Book Description
Substantial relief of discomfort may be anticipated by most patients suffering from pelvic and lower-extremity pain who are treated by arterial infusion of nitrogen mustard. Seventy-three patients with intractable pain secondary to malignancy arising in the pelvis received 83 percutaneous pelvic arterial infusions of this drug. Sixty infusions (72%) resulted in marked relief from pain for periods averaging 6-8 weeks. Advantages of the procedure are low toxicity, relative simplicity and availability of technique, and an acceptable rate of complications with minimal morbidity. Patients experiencing satisfactory results may expect significant relief from a second infusion for recurrent pain. The most rewarding result is the freedom from the cyclic return of pain characterized by oral and intramuscular analgesic therapy. Little or no relief can be expected in patients with pain caused by compression fractures of the vertebrae, or where the tumor burden is so great that adequate perfusion of the involved nerves is not possible. One should consider this procedure for controlling pain before resorting to the more dangerous and potentially disabling techniques of spinal cordotomy or intrathecal alcohol injection. References Bateman JR, Hazen JG, Stolinsky DC, Steinfeld JL (1966) Advanced carcinoma of the cervix treated by intra-arterial methotrexate. Am J Obstet Gynecol 96: 181-187 Calabresi P, Parks RW Jr (1970) Alkylating agents, antimetabolites, hormones. and other antiproliferative agents. In: Goodman LS, Gilman A (eds) The pharmacological basis of therapeutics, 4th edn.

Author: Domenico Ribatti
Publisher: Academic Press
ISBN: 0128194944
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 198

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Book Description
Tumor Vascularization discusses the different types of growth of tumor blood vessels and their implications on research and healthcare. The book is divided into three parts: the first one, General Mechanisms, discusses different vessel growth mechanisms, such as sprouting angiogenesis, non-angiogenesis dependent growth, intussusceptive microvascular growth, vascular co-option and vasculogenic mimicry. The second and third parts, entitled Clinical Implications and Therapeutic Implications are dedicated to translating recent findings in this field to patient treatment and healthcare. This book is a valuable source for cancer researchers, oncologists, graduate students and members of the biomedical field who are interested in tumor progression and blood vessels. Explains new, non-orthodox concepts recently developed and related to the modality of growth of tumor blood vessels Provides information on the types of angiogenesis, non-angiogenesis dependent growth and vascular co-option, discussing both their similarities and differences Encompasses a discussion on clinical implications of tumor vascularization to translate research findings into treatment

Author: Hans-Inge Peterson
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 1000083551
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 320

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Book Description
First Published in 1979, this book offers a full, insight into the relationship between malignant tumors and blood flow. Carefully compiled and filled with a vast repertoire of notes, diagrams, and references this book serves as a useful reference for students of oncology, and other practitioners in their respective fields.

Author: Raimund Jakesz
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 364274818X
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 352

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Book Description
Present knowledge in regional cancer therapy is presented in this volume. The latest research addresses the questions of optimal drug development, the best galenic form and schedule to control tissue distribution at the tumor site and efficient treatment of specific anatomical regions.

Author: Neville Willmott
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 1000142027
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 262

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Book Description
Microspheres and Regional Cancer Therapy takes an interdisciplinary approach to the subject of microspheres and regional cancer therapy. It synthesizes laboratory and clinical data to demonstrate the utility of microsphere-based strategies in the treatment of localized solid tumors (particularly in the liver) not amenable to surgery and as a component of strategies for treatment of disseminated disease. Using the same techniques that show the deficiencies of delivery strategies involving antibodies, liposomes, and synthetic polymers, clear evidence is presented describing how microspheres of appropriate size can be localized in solid tumor deposits in the liver with little exposure to other organs. To exploit this phenomenon, the extent and nature of the incorporation of active agents within microspheres is discussed in relation to release, pharmacokinetics, and tumor response achieved by intensification of therapy in the manner described. This book will benefit laboratory-based scientists and clinicians in pharmaceutics, pharmacology, physiology, surgical oncology, and nuclear medicine. In addition, cancer clinicians interested in the value of regional therapy will be able to evaluate the underlying theory and learn the necessary methodology.

Author: Tim Meyer
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 1441966099
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 258

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Book Description
Angiogenesis (formation of new vessels from pre-existing ones) is a crucial early event in the process of tumor development. New vessels supply the tumor with nutrients that are needed for further local growth and enable distant metastases (Folkman 1995). Judah Folkman (1971) highlighted the potential therapeutic imp- cations of tumor angiogenesis. He hypothesized that if tumor angiogenesis is inhibited, then tumor growth and metastasis will be impaired greatly or even impossible. The subsequent quest for endogenous and exogenous inhibitors of angiogenesis has yielded a variety of promising therapeutic agents that block one or more angiogenic pathways, a few of which have been approved by the FDA (e. g. , bevacizumab, sorafenib, sunitinib) for use as single agents or in combination with chemotherapy in specific populations of cancer patients (Sessa et al. 2008). There has also been a dramatic expansion in the exploration of novel anti-angiogenic agents pre-clinically and in clinical trials (Ferrara 2002). Some of the most promising data comes from the development of agents that inhibit one of the key growth factors involved in tumor angiogenesis – vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) (Ferrara et al. 2003). Bevacizumab is a monoclonal antibody against VEGF that was the first an- angiogenic agent that improved significantly the overall survival of patients with colorectal and non-squamous non-small cell lung cancer (Ferrara et al. 2005). Various agents that target tumor angiogenesis are currently under investigation in different cancer types in many clinical trials (Ferrara and Kerbel 2005).

Author: Frank Watson Turner
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Cancer
Languages : en
Pages : 0

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Book Description
The technique of isolation perfusion chemotherapy of regionally confined neoplasms, presently used as an adjunct to surgery or as a means of palliation in far advanced cancer, has been attended with a varying tumor response in humans. Use of this technique and other methods of regional chemotherapy, e.g. intra-arterial infusion, has been largely uncontrolled and the results difficult to evaluate. Most related experimental work has been performed on the dog, but the lack of naturally occurring or transplantable tumors in this animal is inconvenient. An experimental technique was therefore devised by which the many variables associated with perfusion could be studied in terms of tumor response. The technique provided a method whereby the circulation of the right hind limb of rats was isolated from the general body circulation. The isolated limb was perfused with donor rat blood at pressures below systemic pressure, so that the leak of perfused blood into the systemic circulation was negligible. Controlled alteration of the biochemical and physiologic conditions of perfusion was possible. Addition of chemotherapeutic agent to the perfusate, and inoculation of Walker 256 carcinoma cells into the muscles of the limb, permitted study of the effect of alteration of these controllables on the response to that agent of a well-characterized tumor. It was established that the effect of perfusion of 4 day old Walker tumors with an alkylating agent, triethylenethiophosphoramide (T.S.P.A.) 4 mgm/kg rat body weight, was to double animal survival time from the day of tumor inoculation. Both grossly and histologically there was suppression of tumor growth for approximately 14 days after perfusion. Subsequent tumor growth progressed in characteristic fashion and metastasized so that the metastatic pattern at death was essentially similar to that in untreated animals. Studies on variation of perfusate temperature were inconclusive but suggested that the rate of blood flow may be relatively low through tumors which are characterized histologically as being highly vascular. The use of externally applied heat in the form of diathermy was shown to be of no value when heating deep-seated tumors. A high perfusate oxygen tension was shown to potentiate the action of T.S.P.A. on the Walker tumor. In a controlled, comparative study of systemic administration, intermittent intra-arterial infusion and isolation perfusion chemotherapy, the latter was shown to exert the most profound effect on the tumor as measured in terms of animal survival time. Some variation in the metastatic pattern was seen in this study, but probably reflected the experimental technique used rather than the basic concept of the modality of treatment involved. These findings are discussed and the future role of both clinical and experimental regional chemotherapy suggested.

Author: Anthony F. Shields
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 1597453412
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 343

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Book Description
A variety of cutting-edge imaging techniques, including their use for best practice, are addressed in this book. The book also provides examples of results found in both pre-clinical and clinical studies. This comprehensive text covers the entire spectrum of in vivo imaging for oncology. It will aide clinicians at all levels in keeping up with the most cutting-edge techniques.

Author: Trachette L. Jackson
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 146140052X
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 411

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Book Description
To profoundly understand biology and harness its intricacies for human benefit and the mitigation of human harm requires cross-disciplinary approaches that incorporate sophisticated computational and mathematical modeling techniques. These integrative strategies are essential to achieve rapid and significant progress in issues, in health and disease, which span molecular, cellular and tissue levels. The use of mathematical models to describe various aspects of tumor growth has a very long history, dating back over six decades. Recently, however, experimental and computational advances have improved our in the understanding of how processes act at multiple scales to mediate the development of tumor vasculature and drive the advancement of cancer. This book will showcase the development and utilization of new computational and mathematical approaches to address multiscale challenges associated with tumor vascular development. In Part I: Cell Signaling and Molecular Aspects of Tumor Blood Vessel Formation, it will be come clear that mathematical modeling can help to biochemically and biomechanically phenotype one of the most important cell types involved in cancer progression: vascular endothelial cells. When subverted by the tumor modulated environment, vascular endothelial cells form a new vascular supply capable of nourishing and translocating cancer cells to other tissues. The models in Part I illustrate the importance of quantitative approaches for gaining a deeper understanding of how normal and abnormal aspects of signal integration culminate in the cell proliferation, migration, and survival decisions that result in pathological tumor angiogenesis. The focus of Part II is the angiogenesis cascade and all of its complexities. Successful angiogenesis is mediated by the intricate interplay between biochemical and biomechanical mechanisms, including cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions, cell surface receptor binding, and intracellular signal transduction. A major challenge facing the cancer research community is to integrate known information in a way that improves our understanding of the principal underpinnings driving tumor angiogenesis and that will advance efforts aimed at the development of new therapies for treating cancer. The chapters in Part II will highlight several mathematical and computational approaches for that can potentially address this challenge. While the first two thirds of the book’s chapters demonstrate how important insights can be gained by studying cell signaling and vascular morphology and function, the series of chapters in Part III: Whole Organ Modeling of Tumor Growth and Vasculature, will integrate vasculature development with tumor growth dynamics. These two processes strongly depend on one another in ways that can only be theoretically investigated by biophysical approaches that cut across several levels of biological organization and describe both the tumor and the developing vasculature as they co-evolve. The purpose of this edited volume is not to provide a comprehensive review of all modeling efforts that address tumor vascular modeling; instead, a variety of interesting and innovative mathematical modeling approaches for understanding the development and effects of tumor vasculature are highlighted in order to illustrate some of the emerging trends in the field.

Author: Antonia Emilia Wuschner
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0

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Functional avoidance radiation therapy is a promising technique that shows potential to reduce radiation-induced lung injury by selectively avoiding regions identified as high functioning during treatment planning. All current phase 2 prospective clinical trials using this technique are exclusively ventilation based due to the ease of extracting ventilation metrics from 4DCT which is routinely used in treatment planning. However, ventilation is not a comprehensive metric for lung function. In addition to ventilation, perfusion is a crucial component to gas exchange, the ultimate function of the lung. Therefore, the current methods of assessing high vs. low functioning lung need improvement to include metrics for perfusion and more comprehensively model lung function. The purpose of this work was to quantify the dose-response of perfusion, and develop a workflow for measuring these changes that is executable in a standard clinical environment. Using a dynamic contrast enhanced scan acquired pre and 3-months post-RT, perfusion changes were studied in two swine studies. In the first swine study, imaging measurements and histopathological confirmation studies on the swine lungs post-necropsy showed that above a dose threshold between 15-25 Gy, radiation induces atrophy of the vascular wall leading to blood leakage from the vessel to the non-vessel lung parenchyma and this effect increases in severity with increasing dose. In the second swine study, irradiation was targeted such that separate analysis of the distal regions to the point of max dose could be performed. This analysis showed that an "indirect effect" of perfusion damage is present where regions that are supplied by directly irradiated regions, regardless of the dose they receive, experience declines in function. While the contrast CT results showed a clear dose-response relationship, in order for these models to become integrated into clinical practice, they must be executable in current clinical workflow. Contrast-CT is not routinely acquired as part of clinical workflow and additionally cannot be tolerated by some patients due to renal function concerns. For this reason, a 4DCT-derived metric is ideal due to CT's high spatial resolution and routine use in treatment planning. To do this, analysis of the changes in vascular anatomy were analyzed as a surrogate for perfusion and a novel vascular segmentation algorithm was developed to accurately segment vasculature in the presence of radiographic change. This was accomplished by combining a conventional vessel segmentation algorithm with texture analysis to remove false positives. The dose-binned changes in vasculature volume were then calculated in the same swine subject cohorts and correlated to the changes in perfusion measured previously. A good correlation (R^2 > 0.7) was observed. Finally, a polynomial predictive model was developed to prospectively predict the changes in vasculature and perfusion. Performance in True Positive Rate, Accuracy, True Negative Rate, and Dice similarity were comparable or better than the performance of the currently used ventilation predictive models suggesting the model has clinical utility. Models accurately predicted direct radiation-induced changes but struggled to predict the indirect effect which is an area for future work.