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Author: Ralph Beeby Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages :
Book Description
This thesis describes spectrally-resolved radiance measurements, recorded using the Imperial College-built Tropospheric Airborne Fourier Transform Spectrometer (TAFTS), to validate the current parameterisation of the far-infrared foreign- broadened continuum of atmospheric water vapour in line-by-line radiative transfer models. The current parameterisation is not based on measurement through the centre of the far-IR spectral region, but is constructed by interpolation from measurements either side of the band. Accurate knowledge of this parameterisation is essential as the far-IR contribution to the planetary outgoing longwave radiation (OLR) is significant. The research takes the form of a radiative closure study, comparing the radiance measurements with simulated radiances modelled using the measured atmospheric state (temperature, humidity) profile as input. The profile information was recorded, alongside the radiance measurements, aboard the UK Met Office / FAAM (Facility for Airborne Atmospheric Measurements) BAe-146 research aircraft, during the first of two field campaigns as part of the CAVIAR (Continuum Absorption in the Visible and Infrared and its Atmospheric Relevance) project. This thesis provides an overview of the relevant atmospheric physics and Fourier Transform Spectroscopy, including a description of TAFTS; the construction of the atmospheric profiles from the various in-situ, radiosonde and model datasets; the calibration of the radiances measured by TAFTS and derivation of the foreign- broadened water vapour continuum between 114- 540 cm-1 within the framework of the line-by-line radiative transfer model (LBLRTM v12.0). The resulting continuum is compared to other relevant recent studies. The measurements from this study suggest an increase in continuum strength up to 11 % at 238.6 cm -1, decreasing steadily to a reduction of 55 % at 114 cm -1 and 54 % at 513 cm-1. However, the uncertainties in these measurements are considerable, and might equally suggest an increase in continuum strength.
Author: Ralph Beeby Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages :
Book Description
This thesis describes spectrally-resolved radiance measurements, recorded using the Imperial College-built Tropospheric Airborne Fourier Transform Spectrometer (TAFTS), to validate the current parameterisation of the far-infrared foreign- broadened continuum of atmospheric water vapour in line-by-line radiative transfer models. The current parameterisation is not based on measurement through the centre of the far-IR spectral region, but is constructed by interpolation from measurements either side of the band. Accurate knowledge of this parameterisation is essential as the far-IR contribution to the planetary outgoing longwave radiation (OLR) is significant. The research takes the form of a radiative closure study, comparing the radiance measurements with simulated radiances modelled using the measured atmospheric state (temperature, humidity) profile as input. The profile information was recorded, alongside the radiance measurements, aboard the UK Met Office / FAAM (Facility for Airborne Atmospheric Measurements) BAe-146 research aircraft, during the first of two field campaigns as part of the CAVIAR (Continuum Absorption in the Visible and Infrared and its Atmospheric Relevance) project. This thesis provides an overview of the relevant atmospheric physics and Fourier Transform Spectroscopy, including a description of TAFTS; the construction of the atmospheric profiles from the various in-situ, radiosonde and model datasets; the calibration of the radiances measured by TAFTS and derivation of the foreign- broadened water vapour continuum between 114- 540 cm-1 within the framework of the line-by-line radiative transfer model (LBLRTM v12.0). The resulting continuum is compared to other relevant recent studies. The measurements from this study suggest an increase in continuum strength up to 11 % at 238.6 cm -1, decreasing steadily to a reduction of 55 % at 114 cm -1 and 54 % at 513 cm-1. However, the uncertainties in these measurements are considerable, and might equally suggest an increase in continuum strength.
Author: Robert Paul D'Entremont Publisher: ISBN: Category : Attenuation (Physics) Languages : en Pages : 50
Book Description
The Real-Time Nephanalysis (RTNE PH) generates real-time global analysis of cloud extent, base, height, and type. The RTNE PH makes extensive use of satellite data that are measured in the 10-12 micron infrared (IR) window for thermal mapping of clouds and the earth's surface both day and night. Water vapor absorption effects are significant in such data, especially for high viewing angles and tropical atmospheres where water vapor concentrations are generally high. Water vapor attenuates the emitted ground radiance, reducing its magnitude and with it the apparent temperature of the surface being viewed. Currently, the RTNEPH takes into account such attenuation losses using lookup tables that are functions of viewing geometry, time of day, type of background, and the like. However, these corrections have limited value and leave room for significant improvement. This report outlines and presents two new techniques that are expected to enhance the attenuation correction capabilities of the RTNEPH, multivariate polynomial regression (the Weinreb technique) and the correlated K method.
Author: National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine Publisher: National Academies Press ISBN: 0309492432 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 29
Book Description
We live on a dynamic Earth shaped by both natural processes and the impacts of humans on their environment. It is in our collective interest to observe and understand our planet, and to predict future behavior to the extent possible, in order to effectively manage resources, successfully respond to threats from natural and human-induced environmental change, and capitalize on the opportunities â€" social, economic, security, and more â€" that such knowledge can bring. By continuously monitoring and exploring Earth, developing a deep understanding of its evolving behavior, and characterizing the processes that shape and reshape the environment in which we live, we not only advance knowledge and basic discovery about our planet, but we further develop the foundation upon which benefits to society are built. Thriving on Our Changing Planet: A Decadal Strategy for Earth Observation from Space (National Academies Press, 2018) provides detailed guidance on how relevant federal agencies can ensure that the United States receives the maximum benefit from its investments in Earth observations from space, while operating within realistic cost constraints. This short booklet, designed to be accessible to the general public, provides a summary of the key ideas and recommendations from the full decadal survey report.
Author: National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine Publisher: National Academies Press ISBN: 0309388805 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 351
Book Description
As the nation's economic activities, security concerns, and stewardship of natural resources become increasingly complex and globally interrelated, they become ever more sensitive to adverse impacts from weather, climate, and other natural phenomena. For several decades, forecasts with lead times of a few days for weather and other environmental phenomena have yielded valuable information to improve decision-making across all sectors of society. Developing the capability to forecast environmental conditions and disruptive events several weeks and months in advance could dramatically increase the value and benefit of environmental predictions, saving lives, protecting property, increasing economic vitality, protecting the environment, and informing policy choices. Over the past decade, the ability to forecast weather and climate conditions on subseasonal to seasonal (S2S) timescales, i.e., two to fifty-two weeks in advance, has improved substantially. Although significant progress has been made, much work remains to make S2S predictions skillful enough, as well as optimally tailored and communicated, to enable widespread use. Next Generation Earth System Predictions presents a ten-year U.S. research agenda that increases the nation's S2S research and modeling capability, advances S2S forecasting, and aids in decision making at medium and extended lead times.
Author: Thomas Foken Publisher: Springer Nature ISBN: 3030521710 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 1761
Book Description
This practical handbook provides a clearly structured, concise and comprehensive account of the huge variety of atmospheric and related measurements relevant to meteorologists and for the purpose of weather forecasting and climate research, but also to the practitioner in the wider field of environmental physics and ecology. The Springer Handbook of Atmospheric Measurements is divided into six parts: The first part offers instructive descriptions of the basics of atmospheric measurements and the multitude of their influencing factors, fundamentals of quality control and standardization, as well as equations and tables of atmospheric, water, and soil quantities. The subsequent parts present classical in-situ measurements as well as remote sensing techniques from both ground-based as well as airborn or satellite-based methods. The next part focusses on complex measurements and methods that integrate different techniques to establish more holistic data. Brief discussions of measurements in soils and water, at plants, in urban and rural environments and for renewable energies demonstrate the potential of such applications. The final part provides an overview of atmospheric and ecological networks. Written by distinguished experts from academia and industry, each of the 64 chapters provides in-depth discussions of the available devices with their specifications, aspects of quality control, maintenance as well as their potential for the future. A large number of thoroughly compiled tables of physical quantities, sensors and system characteristics make this handbook a unique, universal and useful reference for the practitioner and absolutely essential for researchers, students, and technicians.
Author: John P. Burrows Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media ISBN: 3642147917 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 576
Book Description
The impact of anthropogenic activities on our atmospheric environment is of growing public concern and satellite-based techniques now provide an essential component of observational strategies on regional and global scales. The purpose of this book is to summarise the state of the art in the field in general, while describing both key techniques and findings in particular. It opens with an historical perspective of the field together with the basic principles of remote sensing from space. Three chapters follow on the techniques and on the solutions to the problems associated with the various spectral regions in which observations are made. The particular challenges posed by aerosols and clouds are covered in the next two chapters. Of special importance is the accuracy and reliability of remote sensing data and these issues are covered in a chapter on validation. The final section of the book is concerned with the exploitation of data, with chapters on observational aspects, which includes both individual and synergistic studies, and on the comparison of global and regional observations with chemical transport and climate models and the added value that the interaction brings to both. The book concludes with scientific needs and likely future developments in the field, and the necessary actions to be taken if we are to have the global observation system that the Earth needs in its present, deteriorating state. The appendices provide a comprehensive list of satellite instruments, global representations of some ancillary data such as fire counts and light pollution, a list of abbreviations and acronyms, and a set of colourful timelines indicating the satellite coverage of tropospheric composition in the foreseeable future. Altogether, this book will be a timely reference and overview for anyone working at the interface of environmental, atmospheric and space sciences.
Author: Ralph Beeby
Author: Ralph Beeby
Author: Robert Paul D'Entremont
Author: Penny Rowe
Author: David Paynter
Author: 
Author: National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
Author: D. D. Turner
Author: National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
Author: Thomas Foken
Author: John P. Burrows