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Author: E Walter Helbling Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry ISBN: 1847552269 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 600
Book Description
This book offers extensive coverage of the most important aspects of UVR effects on all aquatic (not just freshwater and marine) ecosystems, encompassing UV physics, chemistry, biology and ecology. Comprehensive and up-to-date, UV Effects in Aquatic Organisms and Ecosystems aims to bridge the gap between environmental studies of UVR effects and the broader, traditional fields of ecology, oceanography and limnology. Adopting a synthetic approach, the different sections cover: the physical factors controlling UVR intensity in the atmosphere; the penetration and distribution of solar radiation in natural waters; the main photochemical process affecting natural and anthropogenic substances; and direct and indirect effects on organisms (from viruses, bacteria and algae to invertebrate and vertebrate consumers). Researchers and professionals in environmental chemistry, photochemistry, photobiology and cell and molecular biology will value this book, as will those looking at ozone depletion and global change.
Author: E Walter Helbling Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry ISBN: 1847552269 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 600
Book Description
This book offers extensive coverage of the most important aspects of UVR effects on all aquatic (not just freshwater and marine) ecosystems, encompassing UV physics, chemistry, biology and ecology. Comprehensive and up-to-date, UV Effects in Aquatic Organisms and Ecosystems aims to bridge the gap between environmental studies of UVR effects and the broader, traditional fields of ecology, oceanography and limnology. Adopting a synthetic approach, the different sections cover: the physical factors controlling UVR intensity in the atmosphere; the penetration and distribution of solar radiation in natural waters; the main photochemical process affecting natural and anthropogenic substances; and direct and indirect effects on organisms (from viruses, bacteria and algae to invertebrate and vertebrate consumers). Researchers and professionals in environmental chemistry, photochemistry, photobiology and cell and molecular biology will value this book, as will those looking at ozone depletion and global change.
Author: E. Walter Helbling Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry ISBN: 9780854043019 Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 600
Book Description
This book offers extensive coverage of the most important aspects of UVR effects on all aquatic (not just freshwater and marine) ecosystems, encompassing UV physics, chemistry, biology and ecology. Comprehensive and up-to-date, UV Effects in Aquatic Organisms and Ecosystems aims to bridge the gap between environmental studies of UVR effects and the broader, traditional fields of ecology, oceanography and limnology. Adopting a synthetic approach, the different sections cover: the physical factors controlling UVR intensity in the atmosphere; the penetration and distribution of solar radiation in natural waters; the main photochemical process affecting natural and anthropogenic substances; and direct and indirect effects on organisms (from viruses, bacteria and algae to invertebrate and vertebrate consumers). Researchers and professionals in environmental chemistry, photochemistry, photobiology and cell and molecular biology will value this book, as will those looking at ozone depletion and global change.
Author: Stephen De Mora Publisher: Cambridge University Press ISBN: 1139429515 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 338
Book Description
This book, first published in 2000, provides a comprehensive, multidisciplinary review of UV radiation effects in the marine environment. It is aimed at researchers and graduate students in photobiology, photochemistry and environmental science. It will also be useful as a supplementary text for courses in oceanography, climatology and ecology.
Author: Charles Cockell Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media ISBN: 1475734867 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 230
Book Description
From microbial to plant ecosystems, this book examines how changes in UV radiation, caused by anthropogenic ozone depletion, as well as changes in radiation levels throughout the evolution of life on Earth, can alter species composition and interspecies competitiveness. It focuses on the evolutionary aspects of the effects of UV as well as the various synergistic interactions of UV radiation with other environmental factors. Because our knowledge of UV effects on whole ecosystems is still at a relatively early stage, an important part of each chapter is an overview of future research directions and indications of where new date and knowledge is needed.
Author: Francesco Ghetti Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media ISBN: 9781402036965 Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 306
Book Description
This publication originates from the NATO Advanced Study Institute on Environmental Radiation: Impact on Ecosystems and Human Health and Predictive Models, held in Pisa, Italy, in June 2001. The book offers not only basic information on the action mechanisms of UV radiation on ecosystems and various biological systems, but also a picture of the possible scenarios of the long-term global increase of environmental UV radiation, with emphasis on the research aspects aimed at the proper quantitative assessment of risk factors and the formulation of reliable predictive models. The purpose of the authors is to present a critical discussion on how changes in UV radiation will affect ecosystems and the biological processes needed to sustain life on Earth and to provide useful hints for future actions of governmental and international agencies, as well as non-governmental organizations. The book is structured in four sections: the first one is devoted to a general overview of the consequences of ozone depletion and to the basic concepts of radiation measurements and monitoring; the other three sections are devoted to the effects on plants, aquatic ecosystems and human health.
Author: John Calkins Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media ISBN: 1468481339 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 703
Book Description
The inspiration for this monograph derived from the realization that human technical capacity has become so great that we can, even without malice, substantially modify and damage the gigantic and remote outer limit of our planet, the stratosphere. Above the atmosphere of our ordinary experience, the stratosphere is a tenuous layer of gas, blocked from rapid exchange with the troposphere, some twenty kilometers above the surface of the earth, seldom reached by humans, and yet a fragile shell which shields life on earth from a band of solar radiation of demonstrable injurious potential. It is immediately obvious that if stratospheric ozone were reduced and consequently the intensity of solar ultraviolet radiation reaching the earth's surface were increased, then human skin cancer, known to be related to solar ultraviolet exposure, would also be increased. But how does one even begin to estimate the impact of changed solar ultraviolet radiation on such a diverse. interacting, and complex ecosystem as the oceans? Studies which I conducted in Iceland focused on this question and were noted to the Marine Sciences Panel of the Scientific Affairs Committee of NATO by Professor Unnsteinn Stefansson, leading to a request to investigate the possibility of organizing a NATO sponsored Advanced Research Institute on this topic.
Author: D.O. Hessen Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media ISBN: 364256075X Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 348
Book Description
Although there are some biological processes that are supported by UV radiation, most organisms are stressed by it in various ways, e.g. through DNA damage. Top international experts present an integrated overview of UV radiation and its effects on terrestrial, freshwater and marine Arctic biota. Increased stratospheric ozone depletion and the corresponding increase in ground levels of UV radiation as well as ambient, "natural" UV radiation as a key ecological factor in the Arctic spring and summer are discussed in detail. Additionally, basic information on Arctic ecosystems is given. The volume provides not only an excellent account of present-day knowledge of the subject, but also describes the state of the art on which future research can be built.
Author: Kevin C. Rose Publisher: ISBN: Category : Freshwater animals Languages : en Pages : 133
Book Description
This dissertation consists of four independent yet interrelated research chapters, each of which addresses a topic under the umbrella of understanding the patterns, causes, and consequences of changes in ultraviolet (UV) transparency in freshwater ecosystems. Chapter 1: Differences in UV transparency and thermal structure between alpine and subalpine lakes: implications for organisms. This chapter addresses the important role of water temperature and UV transparency in structuring alpine lake ecosystems and the consequences of these forces for aquatic organisms that inhabit them. This chapter includes data I collected on a suite of alpine and subalpine lakes throughout graduate school as well as longer term data on these lakes. This chapter was published in Photochemistry and Photobiological Sciences in 2009 (Rose et al. 2009). Chapter 2: Patterns of spatial and temporal variability of UV transparency in Lake Tahoe, California-Nevada. This chapter examines how UV transparency varies relative to longer wavelength photosynthetically active radiation (PAR, 400-700nm) along inshore-offshore transects in the lake and vertically within the water column as well as temporally throughout 2007. This chapter was published in Journal Geophysical Research, Biogeosciences in 2009 (Rose et al. 2009b). Chapter 3: Allochthony Indicators in Freshwaters: Separating the Signals. This chapter compares the utility of several traditional and novel indicators of allochthony including DOC:Chl a, a440:Chl a, stable hydrogen isotopes of seston, measurements of the fluorescence index, the spectral slope region S350-400nm and the ratio of diffuse attenuation coefficients (Kds) at 320:380nm UV. We found significant relationships between most indicators and evidence to support S350-400nm and 320:380nm UV Kd ratios as indicators across a broad gradient of lakes. This chapter is currently in preparation for submission to Limnology and Oceanography. Chapter 4: The Role of UV and Fish in Regulating the Vertical Distribution of Daphnia. This chapter tests the relative importance UV and planktivorous fish in regulating the vertical distribution of Daphnia in the water column of Lake Giles, Pennsylvania using a large scale mesocosm experiment. We found clear evidence of UV effects, but much more limited evidence of fish effects. This chapter is currently in preparation for submission to Limnology and Oceanography.
Author: Donat-P Häder Publisher: CRC Press ISBN: 0429790058 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 318
Book Description
Global climate change affects productivity and species composition of freshwater and marine aquatic ecosystems by raising temperatures, ocean acidification, excessive solar UV and visible radiation. Effects on bacterioplankton and viruses, phytoplankton and macroalgae have farreaching consequences for primary consumers such as zooplankton, invertebrates and vertebrates, as well as on human consumption of fish, crustaceans and mollusks. It has affected the habitation of the Arctic and Antarctic oceans the most so far. Increasing pollution from terrestrial runoff, industrial, municipal and household wastes as well as marine transportation and plastic debris also affect aquatic ecosystems.
Author: Christian Surber Publisher: ISBN: 9783318066074 Category : Languages : en Pages : 388
Book Description
In the early 20th century, tanned skin was associated with good health. However, people began to protect themselves against potential overexposure to avoid sunburns. Around 1945, the first sunscreen products became available. In the years to follow, a vast number of different sunscreen filters and frameworks regulating filter substances and preparations, and methods characterizing sunscreen products were developed. The perception regarding the tasks of sunscreen products changed several times - initially it was promoted as a lifestyle product, then as a skin cancer preventive means, and more recently also for anti-aging. Different purposes and the widespread use of these products have led to myriad studies and a wealth of information. In this volume, the editors present a current collection of information analyzing and discussing issues related to sunscreen products and their use. These include challenges regarding the ideal sunscreen product including filter selection and formulation issues, measurement methods, performance characterization, safety, and regulatory issues. Further papers address topics related to the use of sunscreen products in everyday life, in vulnerable cohorts and outdoor workers. Controversial topics such as environmental effects of sunscreen products and the risks and benefits of UV radiation in the context of skin cancer, vitamin D and cardiovascular and metabolic health are also covered.
Author: E Walter Helbling
Author: E Walter Helbling
Author: E. Walter Helbling
Author: Stephen De Mora
Author: Charles Cockell
Author: Francesco Ghetti
Author: John Calkins
Author: D.O. Hessen
Author: Kevin C. Rose
Author: Donat-P Häder
Author: Christian Surber