Utilization of Physiological Traits as Selection Criteria for Drought Resistance of Winter Wheat PDF Download

Author: Makoto Tahara
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Winter wheat
Languages : en
Pages : 156

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Author: Sukhada Shinde
Publisher: LAP Lambert Academic Publishing
ISBN: 9783659134494
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 156

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Several morpho physiological traits are traditionally used as screening criteria for drought tolerance such as relative water content (RWC), stomatal index, water use efficiency (WUE) etc. Crop WUE can be improved by optimizing crop transpiration. Several workers have proposed carbon isotope discrimination (CID), ash content and canopy temperature depression (CTD) as selection criteria for transpiration efficiency (TE), which may serve as the surrogate measures for improvement in grain yield.To identify suitable physiological traits useful in wheat breeding under water stress environment is the major thrust area of present investigation. For this, Durum and aestivum genotypes were selected from the breeding material of ARI, Pune (MS, India).Experimental trials on Triticum durum were conducted under three different water regimes viz. residual soil moisture stress (RSMS), post anthesis water stress (PAWS) as limited irrigation (LI) and well watered (WW) conditions.Data were collected for agronomical and physiological characters. Soil water balance model 'BUDGET' (Raes et.al. 2006) has been used for deriving WUE using meteorological, rainfall and irrigation data of (2004-05)and(2006)

Author: Anup Singh Sandhu
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 148

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Author: Seth Alan Filbert
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :

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Drought is known to be one of the most limiting abiotic stresses for wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) production, not only in the Midwest, but throughout the world. It is a complex issue and one that is difficult to screen for when breeding for new varieties. Hybrid wheat is one possible tool for breeders to use in order to make genetic gains towards better tolerance. The effectiveness of hybrid wheat as a tool to address regular periods of drought is a topic of continual discussion. The purpose of this study was to perform a comprehensive screening for drought tolerance comparing two different experimental hybrid entries to their parents. The hybrids were selected based on their good performance under drought in prior field trials. Plants were grown in PVC columns containing sensors that monitored growth media water content and matric potential. All plants were grown equally until heading. Drought treatment began 10 days post anthesis. Plants were observed until senescence/maturity. Several different agronomic characteristics were measured along with physiological traits that have previously been linked to drought tolerance. After completion of the screening, it was observed that the hybrid entries tended to fall between the two parents for a majority of the measurements. When comparing the hybrids to the parents overall, at least one parent outperformed its hybrid in every category. Parent line Parent B was one of the highest ranking genotypes for all measurements. Different drought mechanisms were observed across genotypes upon completion of the treatment. Further research is necessary to understand the hybrid response to drought when compared to pure line varieties.

Author: Abraham Blum
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 1441974911
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 267

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This volume will be the only existing single-authored book offering a science-based breeder’s manual directed at breeding for water-limited environments. Plant breeding is characterized by the need to integrate information from diverse disciplines towards the development and delivery of a product defines as a new cultivar. Conventional breeding draws information from disciplines such as genetics, plant physiology, plant pathology, entomology, food technology and statistics. Plant breeding for water-limited environments and the development of drought resistant crop cultivars is considered as one of the more difficult areas in plant breeding while at the same time it is becoming a very pressing issue. This volume is unique and timely in that it develops realistic solutions and protocols towards the breeding of drought resistant cultivars by integrating knowledge from environmental science, plant physiology, genetics and molecular biology.

Author: Surya Laxmi Shrestha
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :

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Drought is a limiting factor for wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) production in the low precipitation regions of the Pacific Northwest (PNW). To improve wheat performance in drought, this study focused on three main objectives. Our first objective was to determine water use efficiency (WUE) in the PNW wheat lines through carbon isotope discrimination (CID) technique. Genotypic variation of CID was found in soft spring and hard winter wheat lines. Low CID or high WUE was found important for increasing yield of soft spring wheat lines in drought and semi-drought environments but not in other wheat types. The second objective of this study was to determine important physiological traits associated with yield. Fifteen spring wheat, 140 Alpowa/Express (AE) recombinant inbred lines (RILs) and 165 Hollis/Drysdale (HD) RILs, were evaluated in replicated field trials in two moisture environments, rainfed and irrigated, in different years. The wheat materials were screened for physiological (CT, CID, FLS: Flag leaf senescence), agronomic and phenological traits. The low canopy temperature (CT) was consistently associated with high yield in all wheat lines. The study found that CT was the main driver of wheat adaptation in drought in studied environmental conditions. Our third objective was to identify genomic regions associated with the studied traits through quantitative trait loci (QTL) mapping. In the AE population, yield and test weight QTL were identified on chromosome 1B in the irrigated environments but none of the QTL for physiological traits was found in this chromosomal region. The major QTL associated with yield and CT (at milking), which explained 15 and 22% of the phenotypic variation, were found on chromosome 3B in terminal drought environment. In the HD population, two QTL associated with yield were identified on chromosomes 2A and 4A in averaged rainfed environments in which yield QTL on chromosome 4A explained 35% of the phenotypic variation. These QTL for yield were associated with later FLS. Through the genetic dissection of yield into component traits, this study may help to incorporate quantitative traits into wheat drought breeding programs through marker-assisted selection.

Author: M. Ashraf
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 140209065X
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 241

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Salinity and water stress limit crop productivity worldwide and generate substantial economic losses each year, yet innovative research on crop and natural resource management can reveal cost-effective ways in which farmers can increase both their productivity and their income. Presenting recent research findings on salt stress, water stress and stress-adapted plants, this book offers insights into new strategies for increasing the efficiency of crops under stressful environments. The strategies are based on conventional breeding and advanced molecular techniques used by plant physiologists, and are discussed using specific case studies to illustrate their potential. The book emphasizes the effects of environmental factors on specific stages of plant development, and discusses the role of plant growth regulators, nutrients, osmoprotectants and antioxidants in counteracting their adverse affects. Synthesising updated information on mechansisms of stress tolerance at cell, tissue and whole-plant level, this book provides a useful reference text for post graduate students and researchers involved in the fields of stress physiology and plant physiology in general, with additional readership amongst researchers in horticulture, agronomy, crop science, conservation, environmental management and ecological restoration.

Author: Alistair Pask
Publisher: CIMMYT
ISBN: 9706481826
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 140

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Author: M. P. Reynolds
Publisher: CIMMYT
ISBN: 9706480773
Category : Physiology
Languages : en
Pages : 246

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Author: International Rice Research Institute
Publisher: Int. Rice Res. Inst.
ISBN: 9711040786
Category : Crop yields
Languages : en
Pages : 422

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