Using Value-focused Thinking to Evaluate the Use of Innovative Stormwater Management Technologies on Air Force Installations PDF Download

Author: Jeffrey T. Falcone
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Air bases
Languages : en
Pages : 214

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Author: Allison H. Roy
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Urban runoff
Languages : en
Pages : 0

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Communities nationwide are facing increased responsibility for controlling stormwater runoff, and, subsequently, rising costs of stormwater management. In this report we describe and test a methodology that can be used by communities to focus limited budgets on the most efficient and ecologically-effective installation of stormwater management practices. The overall project has two primary objectives: (1) to test the use of an auction to cost-effectively allocate stormwater management practices among landowners, and (2) to determine the effectiveness of the resulting implementation in terms of hydrological, water quality, and ecological measures. Here, we describe the theories, methods, and criteria used to distribute rain gardens and rain barrels to homeowners in a small, midwestern watershed. The first round of the reverse auction in 2007 resulted in 50 rain gardens and 100 rain barrels installed at 67 of the approximately 350 residential properties in the experimental watershed. In 2008, the auction was repeated and we accepted bids for an additional 35 rain gardens and 74 rain barrels. Stormwater management practices were distributed relatively evenly throughout the watershed and are expected to result in significant improvements in stream quality. We describe our monitoring approach, including 1) parcel-scale hydrology and water quality monitoring of selected rain gardens, and 2) stream monitoring following before-after-control-impact approach for assessing the hydrological, water quality, and biotic responses to stormwater management installation. By employing a multidisciplinary approach to watershed management, the case study offers an example of stormwater management that should be readily transferable to other residential watersheds.

Author: Water Environment Federation
Publisher:
ISBN: 9781572783904
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 768

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This manual, a revision of the Water Environment Federation's (WEF's) and the American Society of Civil Engineer's (ASCE's) manual of practice (MOP) titled Urban Runoff Quality Management (1998), takes a holistic view and espouses the concept that systems of stormwater controls can be designed to meet the various objectives of stormwater management, including flood control; stream channel protection; groundwater recharge; water quality improvement; protection of public safety, health, and welfare; and multipurpose public benefits such as the provision of open space, parks, playgrounds, trails, wildlife habitat, and enhancement of property values. This MOP focuses on consolidating technologies under a comprehensive view of stormwater management in an attempt to foster convergence between traditional stormwater controls and green infrastructure. Developed by WEF and ASCE.

Author: Lisa A. Peterson
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Environmental engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 210

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Land development increases impervious surfaces, which requires the implementation of stormwater management solutions. Stormwater management solutions can be a significant cost of a development, as well as a significant contributor to the environmental impact on communities, either negative or positive, depending on the solution chosen and the environmental metric considered. Optimized stormwater solutions require participation from landowners, developers, engineers, community members, and government. When a development is installed on property with a stream and the various stakeholders seek optimized watershed outcomes, an opportunity also exists to improve downstream water quality. This dissertation uses environmental life cycle assessment (LCA) and life cycle cost (LCC) approaches, as well as a social ecological system (SES) framework to understand the environmental and economic implications and tradeoffs of achieving optimized stormwater and watershed management solutions in a community. The combination of these three approaches cover the three pillars of sustainability, namely environmental, economic and social. LCA and LCC methods are applied to compare four cradle-to-grave stormwater and watershed management solutions - stormwater pre-treatment wetland beds with floodplain restoration, underground stormwater infiltration basin (USIB) with stream bank restoration, permeable pavement with stream bank restoration, and surface basins with stream bank restoration, as well as several variants. The site used in the study is a nearly 40-hectare privately-owned new development in a rural area of Lancaster County, Pennsylvania, with a watershed feeding the Chesapeake Bay. All solutions are sized to manage 15,000 m3 of stormwater per the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) requirements for the industrial site development as planned for a 100-year lifetime of the stormwater management solution implemented as well as improvement to the downstream water quality. The LCA method is further applied to bound the cradle-to-gate environmental impact of plastic box and arch USIB stormwater management solutions per cubic meter of stormwater to be managed. Sensitivity analysis is performed on major factors identified in the LCA and LCC. With stormwater and watersheds in the United States being managed in a command and control style, citizens can feel like victims of regulations instead of being partners when embracing solutions [1]. With the involvement of stakeholders who value environmental health, solutions can be sought to not only manage stormwater but to also improve downstream water quality. People make decisions based on a variety of factors including technical data, cost estimates, and personal preference; to reach optimal solutions, input is required from all interested parties. The SES method is applied to three community environmental groups in one county in Pennsylvania to identify the crucial elements of the SES framework to achieve sustainable citizen involvement in stormwater and watershed management whereby those citizens provide grassroots support to implement optimized solutions. In the case study investigated in this dissertation, floodplain restoration and surface basins produce less than 10% of the global warming of the USIB and permeable paving solutions over a 100-year lifetime. For floodplain restoration and surface basins, the global warming potential resulting from the maintenance phase is slightly higher than the installation phase. For the global warming potential of permeable paving and USIB, the installation phase dominates. From a cost perspective, assuming a 5% discount rate over a 100-year lifetime, the floodplain restoration is 80% more costly than surface basins, but 60% of the cost of the permeable paving and less than 20% of the cost of the USIB. Installation phase costs are dominant for all scenarios. With limited LCA research on USIB structures, this first look at installation phase global warming impacts of USIB structures indicates that plastic arch structures, ranging from 55 to 210 kg CO2 eq. per m3 stormwater, generally result in lower potential global warming impact; but there is significant overlap with plastic box structures, ranging from 70 to 430 CO2 eq. per m3 stormwater. Therefore, site specific design layout will be important to analyze for each site to choose the best solution within the plastic USIB family of solutions. Analysis of citizen watershed alliance organizations in the Lancaster County geographic region via Ostrom's SES framework identifies the key factors of citizen members in addition to local governmental leadership and local chapters of national advocacy associations to achieve optimized solutions. Citizen involvement increases commitment and passion since citizens are often directly affected by the environmental impact of the projects and solutions selected. They may also be indirectly impacted by taxation for stormwater and watershed costs covered by governing bodies. Similarly, citizens may benefit from avoided taxpayer costs when partnering with business and industry for solutions that address stormwater and water quality improvements on a regional basis rather than only on a site by site basis. Keywords: Chesapeake Bay; Life cycle assessment; Life cycle costing; Social ecological systems; Stormwater; Sustainability

Author: Darren P. Gibbs (CAPT, USAF.)
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Deicing chemicals
Languages : en
Pages : 198

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Author: Peter A. Ridilla (CAPT, USAF.)
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Runoff
Languages : en
Pages : 180

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Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 102

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This research analyzed storm water best management practices (BMPs) that may a Base Civil Engineers/Environmental Managers in complying with National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) storm water discharge requirements for Air Force airfield pavements. As a result of recent storm water regulations issued by the Environmental Protection Agency, increased emphasis has been placed on preventing and controlling the discharge of pollutants into surface waters of the United States. Based on the results of an American Association of Airport Executives' survey of civilian airports, the types and levels of airfield pollutants were identified. Typical NPDES storm water permit standards were then established based on actual permits from Air Force bases and civilian airports. A thorough literature search revealed the nonstructural, low-structural, and structural BMPs capable of eliminating or reducing storm water pollutants. Finally, a Decision Support Framework (DSF) was introduced that guides a decision-maker through a series of tables that narrows the appropriate BMP options for a particular site or installation. The DSF encompasses factors such as pollutant removal effectiveness, watershed area, soil permeability, storm water discharge controls, restrictions on BMPs, and community and economic factors. Best management practices, Storm water, Air Force airfields, Nonpoint source pollution, BMP, National pollutant discharge elimination system, NPDES, Decision support framework, DSF.

Author: Noboru Togawa
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Electronic dissertations
Languages : en
Pages : 610

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The primary objective of this research is to examine different testing protocols used to evaluate the removal capabilities of small stormwater control devices. The focus of the field research is to examine the different methods that have been used to measure the performance of stormwater control devices. Detailed field evaluations of the Up-Flo® Filter, which was, in part, developed by engineers at the University of Alabama through a Small Business Innovative Research (SBIR) grant from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, are used to evaluate and compare the different evaluation protocols. Past data from laboratory and pilot-scale tests that examined unit process performance are also used in the examination of the different evaluation protocols. Therefore, different evaluation tests were conducted under many different scales and conditions to determine the expected performance of the Up-Flo® Filter. This is a unique opportunity to examine the results of these different tests to compare and determine which results are also reflected during the full-scale observations under actual rain conditions, and to determine the performance insights which were found during the different testing methods. The evaluation testing is based on the available protocols, including: TAPE, TARP, NJCAT, and ETV, extended to incorporate additional information. The aim of this research is to recommend modifications to these protocols and to develop a more robust testing and evaluation procedure that can be better used under a broad range of conditions, considering scaling issues and uncertainties associated with different testing environments. Even though these tests examined a single technology in detail, it is expected that the insights obtained pertaining to evaluation protocols would apply to other similar devices (relatively small flow-through systems having limited storage capacity for the treatment of stormwater).

Author: Daniel R. Thevenot
Publisher: IWA Publishing
ISBN: 1843391600
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 313

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The European DayWater project has developed a prototype of an Adaptive Decision Support System (ADSS) related to urban stormwater pollution source control. The DayWater ADSS greatly facilitates decision-making for stormwater source control, which is currently impeded by the large number of stakeholders involved and by the necessary multidisciplinary knowledge. This book presents the results of this project, providing new insights into both technical and management issues. The main objectives of its technical chapters are pollution source control modelling, risk and impact assessment, and evaluation and comparison of best management practices. It also covers management aspects, such as the analysis of the decision-making processes in stormwater source control, at a European scale, and stormwater management strategies in general. The combination of scientific-technical and socio-managerial knowledge, with the strong cooperation of numerous end-users, reflects the innovative character of this book which includes actual applications of the ADSS prototype in significant case studies. DayWater: an Adaptive Decision Support System for Urban Stormwater Management contains 26 chapters collectively prepared by DayWater scientific partners and end-users associated with this European Research and Development project. It includes: A general presentation of the DayWater Adaptive Decision Support System (ADSS) structure and operation modes A detailed description of the major components of this ADSS prototype The assessment of its components in significant case studies in France, Germany and Sweden The proceedings of the International Conference on Decision Support Systems for Integrated Urban Water Management, held in Paris on 3-4 November 2005. The book presents the ADSS prototype including a combination of freely accessible on-line databases, guidance documents, “road maps” and modelling or multi-criteria analysis tools. As demonstrated in several significant case studies the challenge for stormwater managers is to make the benefits of urban stormwater management visible to society, resulting in active co-operation of a diversity of stakeholders. Only then, will sustainable management succeed. DayWater: an Adaptive Decision Support System for Urban Stormwater Management advances this cause of sustainable urban management through Urban stormwater management, and makes achievable (by means of risk and vulnerability tools which are included) the goal of integrated urban water management (IUWM).

Author: Todd S. Bridges
Publisher:
ISBN: 9781732590472
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :

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