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Author: Stephen A. Ciatti Publisher: LAP Lambert Academic Publishing ISBN: 9783838338682 Category : Languages : en Pages : 212
Book Description
A study was undertaken to study several diesel injector nozzles that produced different engine emissions performance. The nozzle styles used were two valve covered orifice (VCO) type nozzles that were manufactured using two different techniques, and two mini-sac nozzles that provided a point of comparison. The VCO nozzles and one mini-sac nozzle had 200 micron holes, while the other mini-sac nozzle had 160 micron holes. The nozzles were otherwise identical in all respects, such as orifice diameter, l/d, etc. The injector used was a cam pressurized EUI. Fired experiments were conducted on a Detroit Diesel Series 50 engine. Optical access was obtained by inserting a sapphire window in place of one of the exhaust valves. Under high speed, high load, retarded injection timing conditions, it was discovered that each nozzle produced different soot and NOx emissions. Pressure and heat release data, along with high-speed film images were obtained. It was discovered that the temperature and KL factor results from the 2-color optical pyrometry showed significant differences between the nozzles.
Author: Stephen A. Ciatti Publisher: LAP Lambert Academic Publishing ISBN: 9783838338682 Category : Languages : en Pages : 212
Book Description
A study was undertaken to study several diesel injector nozzles that produced different engine emissions performance. The nozzle styles used were two valve covered orifice (VCO) type nozzles that were manufactured using two different techniques, and two mini-sac nozzles that provided a point of comparison. The VCO nozzles and one mini-sac nozzle had 200 micron holes, while the other mini-sac nozzle had 160 micron holes. The nozzles were otherwise identical in all respects, such as orifice diameter, l/d, etc. The injector used was a cam pressurized EUI. Fired experiments were conducted on a Detroit Diesel Series 50 engine. Optical access was obtained by inserting a sapphire window in place of one of the exhaust valves. Under high speed, high load, retarded injection timing conditions, it was discovered that each nozzle produced different soot and NOx emissions. Pressure and heat release data, along with high-speed film images were obtained. It was discovered that the temperature and KL factor results from the 2-color optical pyrometry showed significant differences between the nozzles.
Author: Akhilendra Pratap Singh Publisher: Springer Nature ISBN: 9811503354 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 163
Book Description
This book focuses on combustion simulations and optical diagnostics techniques, which are currently used in internal combustion engines. The book covers a variety of simulation techniques, including in-cylinder combustion, numerical investigations of fuel spray, and effects of different fuels and engine technologies. The book includes chapters focused on alternative fuels such as DEE, biomass, alcohols, etc. It provides valuable information about alternative fuel utilization in IC engines. Use of combustion simulations and optical techniques in advanced techniques such as microwave-assisted plasma ignition, laser ignition, etc. are few other important aspects of this book. The book will serve as a valuable resource for academic researchers and professional automotive engineers alike.
Author: Harsh Purwar Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 129
Book Description
Fuel atomization plays a very crucial role in determining the overall efficiency of diesel internal combustion engines. This work focuses on developing fast optical diagnostic tools for the study of the liquid fuel atomization with an aim to characterize the fuel sprays in the near-field of the injector nozzle. At first, classical imaging techniques using continuous illumination with a high-speed camera and an ultra-short pulsed illumination with a high-resolution CCD camera are reviewed. Next, the possibility of supercontinuum (SC) derived illumination is investigated. It was observed that the spray images obtained with such an illumination were almost free from laser speckle, which tremendously improved the clarity of these images. An application of the classical imaging technique to a preliminary study of cavitation inside a transparent injector is presented. In the next part of the thesis optical techniques to reduce the noise originating due to the multiple scattering of light from its interaction with the fuel spray are studied. Optical Kerr effect based time-gate in its primitive crossed-beam configuration is reviewed and a novel approach with collinear overlap of the pump and probe beams for time-resolved imaging of fuel spray with time resolution 1 ps is proposed. Ballistic images of fuel spray in the near-nozzle region with high spatial resolution are obtained. The possibility of using SCderived illumination with the optical time-gate configuration is also discussed. Preliminary time-gated spray images obtained by using SC-derived probe beam for spray illumination in the optical-gate setup shows that laser speckle is substantially reduced maintaining a similar time resolution. The change in the optical polarization properties of the Kerr medium on introduction of the pump pulse are completely characterized by measuring its Mueller matrix (MM). The polarization parameters - depolarization, diattenuation, and retardance are then quantified by decomposing the measured MM using polar decomposition formalism.
Author: Hua Zhao Publisher: SAE International ISBN: 0768040345 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 854
Book Description
This book provides a complete description of instrumentation and in-cylinder measurement techniques for internal combustion engines. Written primarily for researchers and engineers involved in advanced research and development of internal combustion engines, the book provides an introduction to the instrumentation and experimental techniques, with particular emphasis on diagnostic techniques for in-cylinder measurements.
Author: Hua Zhao Publisher: SAE International ISBN: 0768006651 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 854
Book Description
This book provides a complete description of instrumentation and in-cylinder measurement techniques for internal combustion engines. Written primarily for researchers and engineers involved in advanced research and development of internal combustion engines, the book provides an introduction to the instrumentation and experimental techniques, with particular emphasis on diagnostic techniques for in-cylinder measurements.
Author: H Zhao Publisher: Elsevier ISBN: 1845697324 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 325
Book Description
Direct injection enables precise control of the fuel/air mixture so that engines can be tuned for improved power and fuel economy, but ongoing research challenges remain in improving the technology for commercial applications. As fuel prices escalate DI engines are expected to gain in popularity for automotive applications. This important book, in two volumes, reviews the science and technology of different types of DI combustion engines and their fuels. Volume 1 deals with direct injection gasoline and CNG engines, including history and essential principles, approaches to improved fuel economy, design, optimisation, optical techniques and their applications. Reviews key technologies for enhancing direct injection (DI) gasoline engines Examines approaches to improved fuel economy and lower emissions Discusses DI compressed natural gas (CNG) engines and biofuels
Author: Gregory J. Smallwood Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 42
Book Description
Development of laser diagnostics for combustion and flowfield studies at the Defence Research Establishment Ottawa (DREO), and its application to a practical combustion device is described. The optical diagnostics discussed are coherent anti-Stokes Raman spectroscopy (CARS), and various flow/spray visualization (FSV) techniques. The CARS technique provides temporally and spatially resolved measurements of temperature and major species concentrations. Various laser based FSV techniques, such as shadowgraph, Schlieren and direct visualization, and their use to study density gradients and spray behavior are described. The use in these experiments of a dual color pulsed laser transmitter can provide velocity information. The goal of the diesel combustion modelling program is to attempt to predict the effect of any candidate fuel on diesel engines performance. Experimental results from the optical diagnostics will be used to validate and improve the models. Constraints on performing optical diagnostics in diesel engines, and requirements and selection of a research diesel engine are discussed. The suitability of the Ricardo Proteus engine for this project is evaluated. The advantages of using electronic fuel injection on this research engine are also reviewed.
Author: Avinash Kumar Agarwal Publisher: Springer ISBN: 981103785X Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 448
Book Description
This research monograph presents both fundamental science and applied innovations on several key and emerging technologies involving fossil and alternate fuel utilization in power and transport sectors from renowned experts in the field. Some of the topics covered include: autoignition in laminar and turbulent nonpremixed flames; Langevin simulation of turbulent combustion; lean blowout (LBO) prediction through symbolic time series analysis; lasers and optical diagnostics for next generation IC engine development; exergy destruction study on small DI diesel engine; and gasoline direct injection. The book includes a chapter on carbon sequestration and optimization of enhanced oil and gas recovery. The contents of this book will be useful to researchers and professionals working on all aspects on combustion.
Author: Stephen A. Ciatti
Author: Stephen A. Ciatti
Author: Akhilendra Pratap Singh
Author: Arend Johannes Donkerbroek
Author: Cody William Squibb
Author: Harsh Purwar
Author: Hua Zhao
Author: Hua Zhao
Author: H Zhao
Author: Gregory J. Smallwood
Author: Avinash Kumar Agarwal