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Author: Kimberly J. Vachal Publisher: ISBN: Category : Automobile drivers Languages : en Pages : 32
Book Description
Seat belt use on rural roads is especially important due to the relatively high risk for injury compared to urban areas. In the northern plains, where nearly 90% of travel occurs on rural roads, addressing this issue is particularly critical. A cohort group of 32 states was used to study seat belt use on rural roads. Means tests and regression models were designed to identify influential factors in state-level seat belt use rates as well as individual driver seat belt decisions. Results show state-level seat belt use rates are inversely related to the share of annual miles traveled on rural roads. Higher citation rates are positively related to seat belt use in the case of state-level rates. Fatal crash event analysis shows that higher shares of urban population in the state where the crash occurred increases likelihood for seat belt use. Primary enforcement is associated with a 14% greater probability for seat belt use among cohort drivers. Higher fines also have a significant influence. Cohort drivers were 21% less likely to be belted when fines were $20 or less. This effect is more pronounced in primary states than secondary states. Drivers in those states are 36% less likely to be wearing seat belts when fines are at $20 or less. Findings also show that increased driver compliance with seat belt laws in secondary states is influenced by enforcement intensity -- drivers were 18% more likely to be belted in states with high enforcement activity. Among drinking drivers and young adults, primary enforcement produces a substantial increase in likelihood a driver was belted. Findings will be useful in promoting more efficient seat belt interventions for rural areas based on alignment with state and local driver characteristics.
Author: Kimberly J. Vachal Publisher: ISBN: Category : Automobile drivers Languages : en Pages : 32
Book Description
Seat belt use on rural roads is especially important due to the relatively high risk for injury compared to urban areas. In the northern plains, where nearly 90% of travel occurs on rural roads, addressing this issue is particularly critical. A cohort group of 32 states was used to study seat belt use on rural roads. Means tests and regression models were designed to identify influential factors in state-level seat belt use rates as well as individual driver seat belt decisions. Results show state-level seat belt use rates are inversely related to the share of annual miles traveled on rural roads. Higher citation rates are positively related to seat belt use in the case of state-level rates. Fatal crash event analysis shows that higher shares of urban population in the state where the crash occurred increases likelihood for seat belt use. Primary enforcement is associated with a 14% greater probability for seat belt use among cohort drivers. Higher fines also have a significant influence. Cohort drivers were 21% less likely to be belted when fines were $20 or less. This effect is more pronounced in primary states than secondary states. Drivers in those states are 36% less likely to be wearing seat belts when fines are at $20 or less. Findings also show that increased driver compliance with seat belt laws in secondary states is influenced by enforcement intensity -- drivers were 18% more likely to be belted in states with high enforcement activity. Among drinking drivers and young adults, primary enforcement produces a substantial increase in likelihood a driver was belted. Findings will be useful in promoting more efficient seat belt interventions for rural areas based on alignment with state and local driver characteristics.
Author: Kimberly J. Vachal Publisher: ISBN: Category : Automobile drivers Languages : en Pages : 25
Book Description
North Dakota's rural roads are vital social and economic connectors. These roads, however, are associated with relatively high crash injury risk. While a multitude of efforts is underway to reduce crash risk through road improvements and vehicle technology, seat belts offer an immediate and low-cost protection that can reduce occupant crash injury risk by half. To increase knowledge about seat belt use on these roads, a pilot observation study was conducted around the time of the state's annual seat belt campaign. Observations showed a 44.8% rural roads use rate. Because of the higher relative risk and disparate use rates, it may be more informative to consider the use rates by road environment. Statewide rural seat belt use rates of 55.2% and 35.6% were estimated on highways and in towns, respectively, based on 6,919 driver observations. Results showed higher use among female drivers than male, and that the lowest use rate was among male pickup truck drivers. Evidence from post and ex ante surveys showed promise for increasing seat belt use on rural roads by involving local sheriff and police departments in high visibility enforcement. This pilot project creates a building point for increasing knowledge and strengthening programs through empirical analysis of rural seat belt use rates. The value of this pilot will be determined by future work that reduces crash injury and death by knowledge gained in extending and expanding the empirical analysis initiated by this endeavor.
Author: National Highway Traffic Safety Administration Publisher: Createspace Independent Pub ISBN: 9781492766261 Category : Transportation Languages : en Pages : 172
Book Description
This study compared States with high seat belt use rates and States with low seat belt use rates using statistical analyses and conducted case studies of 10 high seat belt use States. Primary enforcement seat belt use laws clearly help increase seat belt use, though three case study States with secondary laws have achieved high seat belt use. High-visibility seat belt law enforcement is critical. The statistical analyses suggest that the most important difference between the high and low seat belt use States is enforcement, not demographics or funds spent on media. A few geographic, demographic, and cultural factors are associated with lower seat belt use, but none is a barrier to high seat belt use, as demonstrated by examples from the case study States. The key factors in all high seat belt use case study States were high-visibility seat belt law enforcement, excellent relations with law enforcement command and officers statewide, effective seat belt law enforcement publicity, high priority for increasing seat belt use, effective planning and implementation of seat belt use programs based on solid data and research, and effective Highway Safety Office and seat belt program management. Recommendations for States wishing to increase seat belt use are included.
Author: Rune Elvik Publisher: Emerald Group Publishing ISBN: 1848552505 Category : Transportation Languages : en Pages : 1137
Book Description
Contains summaries of the knowledge regarding the effects of 128 road safety measures. This title covers various areas of road safety including: traffic control; vehicle inspection; driver training; publicity campaigns; police enforcement; and, general policy instruments. It also covers topics such as post-accident care, and speed cameras.
Author: Kimberly J. Vachal
Author: Kimberly J. Vachal
Author: James L. Nichols
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Author: United States. General Accounting Office
Author: Steven L. Bradbard
Author: Kimberly J. Vachal
Author: National Highway Traffic Safety Administration
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Author: Rune Elvik