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Author: Publisher: ISBN: Category : Bus travel Languages : en Pages : 31
Book Description
Congestion can influence transit service attractiveness, operating cost, and system efficiency. This paper examines archived transit data to compare the effects of different intersection geometries on traffic congestion. The Tri-County Metropolitan Transportation District of Oregon (TriMet) has been archiving automatic vehicle location (AVL) and automatic passenger count (APC) data for all bus trips at the stop level since 1997 as part of their bus dispatch system (BDS). In 2013, TriMet implemented a higher resolution bus AVL data collection system. This 5-second resolution (5-SR) bus position data provides information about buses between stops in addition to their stop level data. The 5-SR data allows for the creation of a quantitative congestion analysis at specific locations. The objective of this paper is to use the high-resolution congestion analysis for a particular bus route in Portland, OR to analyze intersections with similar demands (i.e. through bus travel, similar traffic volumes, and far-side bus-stops) but different geometries. Results suggest that buses moving through intersections with a separated right turn lane may experience significantly less congestion than buses moving through intersections with a combination through/right turn lane. Interestingly, the travel lane (i.e. in the right turn or through lane) of the buses also may make a significant difference to the congestion experience by buses at the intersection. Buses in the through lane may experience less delay than buses in the right-turn lane.
Author: Publisher: ISBN: Category : Bus travel Languages : en Pages : 31
Book Description
Congestion can influence transit service attractiveness, operating cost, and system efficiency. This paper examines archived transit data to compare the effects of different intersection geometries on traffic congestion. The Tri-County Metropolitan Transportation District of Oregon (TriMet) has been archiving automatic vehicle location (AVL) and automatic passenger count (APC) data for all bus trips at the stop level since 1997 as part of their bus dispatch system (BDS). In 2013, TriMet implemented a higher resolution bus AVL data collection system. This 5-second resolution (5-SR) bus position data provides information about buses between stops in addition to their stop level data. The 5-SR data allows for the creation of a quantitative congestion analysis at specific locations. The objective of this paper is to use the high-resolution congestion analysis for a particular bus route in Portland, OR to analyze intersections with similar demands (i.e. through bus travel, similar traffic volumes, and far-side bus-stops) but different geometries. Results suggest that buses moving through intersections with a separated right turn lane may experience significantly less congestion than buses moving through intersections with a combination through/right turn lane. Interestingly, the travel lane (i.e. in the right turn or through lane) of the buses also may make a significant difference to the congestion experience by buses at the intersection. Buses in the through lane may experience less delay than buses in the right-turn lane.
Author: Publisher: ISBN: Category : Bus lines Languages : en Pages : 80
Book Description
Travel times, operating speeds, and service reliability influence costs and service attractiveness. This paper outlines an approach to quantify how these metrics change after a modification of roadway design or transit routes using archived transit data. The Tri-County Metropolitan Transportation District of Oregon (TriMet), Portland's public transportation provider, archives automatic vehicle location (AVL) data for all buses as part of their bus dispatch system (BDS). This research combines three types of AVL data (stop event, stop disturbance, and high-resolution) to create a detailed account of transit behavior; this probe data gives insights into the behavior of transit as well as general traffic. The methodology also includes an updated approach for confidence intervals estimates that more accurately represent of range of speed and travel time percentile estimates. This methodology is applied to three test cases using a month of AVL data collected before and after the implementation of each roadway change. The results of the test cases highlight the broad applicability for this approach to before-and-after studies.
Author: Publisher: ISBN: Category : Local transit Languages : en Pages : 280
Book Description
Performance metrics have typically focused at two main scales: a microscopic scale that focuses on specific locations, time-periods, and trips; and, a macroscopic scale that averages metrics over longer times, entire routes, and networks. When applied to entire transit systems, microscopic methodologies often have computational limitations while macroscopic methodologies ascribe artificial uniformity to non-uniform analysis areas. These limitations highlight the need for a middle approach. This dissertation presents a mesoscopic analysis based around timepoint-segments, which are a novel application of an existing system for many transit agencies. For this research, routes are divided into a consecutive group of bus stops with one timepoint at the center. Each timepoint-segment includes all data collected in that segment during one hour of operation. The utilized data sources are widespread and generally available to transit agencies. A methodology for merging and cleaning the data sources is proposed that: first, identifies broken data collection system to flag missing and inaccurate data; second, defines parameters of probability distributions, representative of specific locations, times, and routes, using sufficient statistics; and third, replaces flagged values with a random, but probabilistically representative value. The merged and stochastically cleaned data is aggregated by timepoint-segment to reduce subsequent computational requirements, yet maintains high granularly for statistical analysis after aggregation. The results of linear and non-linear regressions for service durations, at and between bus stops, are presented and discussed. Independent variables were chosen based on previous published literature, but also included several updated classes of variables to provide comparisons for stop types, traffic signals, vehicle interactions, and time-of-day. The coefficients and performance of aggregated models are compared to previously published methods. The results show that factors identified at the microscopic scale (e.g. passenger movements, bus interactions at stops, travel times, travel speeds, unplanned stops, bus bunching, etc.), can be examined in aggregate without lost utility and without the heavy computation burden required to process large microscopic datasets, while also capturing double the variability in the data. Visuals for congestion and headway performance, based on the aggregated datasets, are designed to examine transit performance along a route, between routes, and for specific segments. These visuals are a potentially useful tool for evaluating performance along routes and for identifying areas that may require a closer examination. Additionally, the methods are not computationally intensive and may be easily customized to examine specific locations, times, or feature sets. The methodologies for data cleaning, regression modeling, and performance visuals, provide a foundation for how timepoint-segments may prove useful to researchers and agencies. The aggregated analysis reduces variability caused by singular atypical events, but still preserves enough detail for a robust statistical analysis. Overall, this approach improves realism, which is beneficial for evaluating the key trade-offs ridership, service, accessibility, and costs. Mesoscopic performance measures may help to understand relationship between key factors influencing transit operations, evaluate uncertainty, examine variations in service, determine points sensitive to disruption, quantify congestion costs for users and agencies, and compare travel patterns between different routes, days of the week, and peak versus off-peak travel.
Author: Publisher: ISBN: Category : Traffic congestion Languages : en Pages : 26
Book Description
Starting from 1993, MnDOT annually prepares a Metro Freeway System Congestion Report to document congested segments of the freeway system. However, a similar congestion report for the arterial system has not been developed, mainly due to lack of ability for automatic traffic signal data collection and performance measurement. In this project, based on the archived high-resolution traffic data from four major arterials equipped with the SMART-Signal system in the metro area, i.e., Trunk Highway 13, Trunk Highway 55, Trunk Highway 7 and Trunk Highway 10, we developed an innovative approach to generate an arterial traffic congestion report for the MnDOT Metro District. Results show that the main approaches of the four signalized corridors operate very efficiently during AM and PM peaks, but larger delays happen at side streets in general.
Author: David Schrank Publisher: DIANE Publishing ISBN: 1437905609 Category : Transportation Languages : en Pages : 24
Book Description
Congestion continues to grow in America¿s urban areas. This report presents details on the 2004 trends, findings and what can be done to address the growing transportation problems. Trend data from 1982 to 2002 for 85 urban areas provides both a local view and a national perspective on the growth and extent of traffic congestion. The 2004 Report provides clear evidence that the time for improvements has arrived. Communicating the congestion levels and the need for improvements is a goal of this report. The decisions about which, and how much, improvement to fund will be made at the local level according to a variety of goals, but there are some broad conclusions that can be drawn from this database. Tables.
Author: Alberto Bull Publisher: Santiago, Chile : United Nations, Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean ISBN: Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 202
Author: European Conference of Ministers of Transport Publisher: OECD Publishing ISBN: 9282101509 Category : Languages : en Pages : 294
Book Description
Offers policy-oriented, research-based recommendations for effectively managing traffic and cutting excess congestion in large urban areas.
Author: Rune Elvik Publisher: Emerald Group Publishing ISBN: 1848552505 Category : Transportation Languages : en Pages : 1137
Book Description
Contains summaries of the knowledge regarding the effects of 128 road safety measures. This title covers various areas of road safety including: traffic control; vehicle inspection; driver training; publicity campaigns; police enforcement; and, general policy instruments. It also covers topics such as post-accident care, and speed cameras.
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Author: Rune Elvik