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Author: Mitchell Ryan Lucas Publisher: ISBN: 9781321551181 Category : Allelomorphism Languages : en Pages : 118
Book Description
Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) is a warm-season legume that is primarily cultivated for protein rich grain. Seed size is an important breeding target that distinguishes most domesticated crops from their wild relatives and is a particularly important trait for the grain legumes. This dissertation describes efforts to breed cowpea varieties with larger seeds using marker-assisted approaches to breeding. The first chapter of this dissertation describes the development of a consensus genetic map of 1,107 molecular markers which was constructed by analyzing bead-assay genotype data from 13 experimental populations. The content and organization of the cowpea genome was also compared to the genome of soybean (Glycine max) to describe regions of synteny. The second chapter utilizes the genetic map, legume synteny, and phenotypic information collected from field and greenhouse trials to develop associations between allelic variation and the inheritance of seed size. Many of the regions of the cowpea genome important for seed size were found to be syntenic with regions of the soybean genome that were previously associated with the inheritance of seed size. These marker-trait associations are applied in the third chapter to breed cowpea varieties with up to 52% larger seeds which was accomplished by introgressing a rare Mozambican haplotype into the genetic background of a California blackeyed pea. Preliminary field screening identified introgression lines that also performed well for other important agronomic traits including yield, maturity, and plant architecture. The introgression lines developed in this work could be used as parents for deploying large seed size in other pedigrees and could be studied to better understand the impact of seed size on nutritional content and agronomic performance.
Author: Mitchell Ryan Lucas Publisher: ISBN: 9781321551181 Category : Allelomorphism Languages : en Pages : 118
Book Description
Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) is a warm-season legume that is primarily cultivated for protein rich grain. Seed size is an important breeding target that distinguishes most domesticated crops from their wild relatives and is a particularly important trait for the grain legumes. This dissertation describes efforts to breed cowpea varieties with larger seeds using marker-assisted approaches to breeding. The first chapter of this dissertation describes the development of a consensus genetic map of 1,107 molecular markers which was constructed by analyzing bead-assay genotype data from 13 experimental populations. The content and organization of the cowpea genome was also compared to the genome of soybean (Glycine max) to describe regions of synteny. The second chapter utilizes the genetic map, legume synteny, and phenotypic information collected from field and greenhouse trials to develop associations between allelic variation and the inheritance of seed size. Many of the regions of the cowpea genome important for seed size were found to be syntenic with regions of the soybean genome that were previously associated with the inheritance of seed size. These marker-trait associations are applied in the third chapter to breed cowpea varieties with up to 52% larger seeds which was accomplished by introgressing a rare Mozambican haplotype into the genetic background of a California blackeyed pea. Preliminary field screening identified introgression lines that also performed well for other important agronomic traits including yield, maturity, and plant architecture. The introgression lines developed in this work could be used as parents for deploying large seed size in other pedigrees and could be studied to better understand the impact of seed size on nutritional content and agronomic performance.
Author: Ousmane Boukar Publisher: Elsevier Inc. Chapters ISBN: 0128064404 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 30
Book Description
Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata), an indigenous legume to sub-Saharan Africa, is mainly grown in the dry savanna areas as an intercrop with millets, sorghum, groundnut and maize. Cowpea grains rich in protein are consumed in different forms in several parts of the tropics. The average grain yield of cowpea in West Africa is approximately 492kg/ha, which is much lower than its potential yields. This low productivity is due to a host of diseases, insects, pests, parasitic weeds, drought, poor soils and low plant population density in farmers’ fields. Ex situ collection of over 15,000 accessions of cowpea and wild Vigna germplasm from different parts of the world were assembled in the IITA gene bank. These genetic resources have been explored to identify new traits and to develop elite cowpea varieties. Many cowpea varieties with high yield potential have been developed and adopted by the farmers. Efforts are continuing to develop better performing varieties using conventional breeding procedures, while molecular tools are being developed to facilitate progress in cowpea breeding.
Author: Shivali Sharma Publisher: Elsevier Inc. Chapters ISBN: 0128064382 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 46
Book Description
Chickpea is an important protein-rich crop with considerable diversity present among 44 annual Cicer species. A large collection of chickpea germplasm including wild Cicer species has been conserved in different gene banks globally. However, the effective and efficient utilization of these resources is required to develop new cultivars with a broad genetic base. Using core and mini-core collections, chickpea researchers have identified diverse germplasm possessing various beneficial traits that are now being used in chickpea breeding. Further, for chickpea improvement, the genus Cicer harbours alleles/genes for tolerance/resistance to various abiotic and biotic stresses as well as for agronomic and nutrition-related traits. Recent advances in plant biotechnology have resulted in developing large number of markers specific to chickpea in addition to technological breakthrough in developing high-throughput genotyping platforms for unlocking the genetic potential available in germplasm collections.
Author: Vijay Rani Rajpal Publisher: Springer ISBN: 3319995731 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 260
Book Description
The abiotic stresses like drought, temperature, cold, salinity, heavy metals etc. affect a great deal on the yield performance of the agricultural crops. To cope up with these challenges, plant breeding programs world-wide are focussing on the development of stress tolerant varieties in all crop species. Significant genomic advances have been made for abiotic stress tolerance in various crop species in terms of availability of molecular markers, QTL mapping, genome-wide association studies (GWAS), genomic selection (GS) strategies, and transcriptome profiling. The broad-range of articles involving genomics and breeding approaches deepens our existing knowledge about complex traits. The chapters are written by authorities in their respective fields. This book provides comprehensive and consolidated account on the applications of the most recent findings and the progress made in genomics assisted breeding for tolerance to abiotic stresses in many important major crop species with a focus on applications of modern strategies for sustainable agriculture. The book is especially intended for students, molecular breeders and scientists working on the genomics-assisted genetic improvement of crop species for abiotic stress tolerance.
Author: Chittaranjan Kole Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media ISBN: 3642143873 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 341
Book Description
Wild crop relatives are now playing a significant part in the elucidation and improvement of the genomes of their cultivated counterparts. This work includes comprehensive examinations of the status, origin, distribution, morphology, cytology, genetic diversity and available genetic and genomic resources of numerous wild crop relatives, as well as of their evolution and phylogenetic relationship. Further topics include their role as model plants, genetic erosion and conservation efforts, and their domestication for the purposes of bioenergy, phytomedicines, nutraceuticals and phytoremediation. Wild Crop Relatives: Genomic and Breeding Resources comprises 10 volumes on Cereals, Millets and Grasses, Oilseeds, Legume Crops and Forages, Vegetables, Temperate Fruits, Tropical and Subtropical Fruits, Industrial Crops, Plantation and Ornamental Crops, and Forest Trees. It contains 125 chapters written by nearly 400 well-known authors from about 40 countries.
Author: Mohar Singh Publisher: Newnes ISBN: 0123984947 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 322
Book Description
Grain legumes, including common-bean, chickpea, pigeonpea, pea, cowpea, lentil and others, form important constituents of global diets, both vegetarian and non-vegetarian. Despite this significant role, global production has increased only marginally in the past 50 years. The slow production growth, along with a rising human population and improved buying capacity has substantially reduced the per capita availability of food legumes. Changes in environmental climate have also had significant impact on production, creating a need to identify stable donors among genetic resources for environmentally robust genes and designing crops resilient to climate change. Genetic and Genomic Resources of Grain Legume Improvement is the first book to bring together the latest resources in plant genetics and genomics to facilitate the identification of specific germplasm, trait mapping and allele mining to more effectively develop biotic and abiotic-stress-resistant grains. This book will be an invaluable resource for researchers, crop biologists and students working with crop development. Explores origin, distribution and diversity of grain legumes Presents information on germplasm collection, evaluation and maintenance Offers insight into pre-breeding/germplasm enhancement efforts Integrates genomic and genetic resources in crop improvement Internationally contributed work
Author: Mohar Singh Publisher: Elsevier Inc. Chapters ISBN: 0128064358 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 17
Book Description
Grain legumes mainly consisting of common bean, pea, chickpea, faba bean, cowpea, lentil, pigeon pea, peanut, Asian Vigna species, grass pea and horsegram are under cultivation in a considerable area worldwide. With their higher protein content and symbiotic nitrogen-fixing bacteria in root nodules enabling them to fix their own nitrogen, reducing the fertilizer use in agriculture has become very important for the production systems. For most of these important grain legumes, a large number of germplasm accessions were characterized and evaluated for various agro-morphological traits, including biotic, abiotic and quality parameters. Core and mini-core collections have also been developed for the majority of grain legumes; they were further evaluated for different parameters. From these genetic resources, potential donors of desirable traits have been selected after evaluation and characterization and have been utilized in the genetic improvement of cultivars. Current available genomic resources and technologies can facilitate allele mining for novel traits of interest and incorporation from wild relatives into elite domestic genetic backgrounds.
Author: Paul Gepts Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media ISBN: 940092786X Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 609
Book Description
The period following the second world war has witnessed an expanding commitment to incr~ased food production in tropical countries. Public and private initiatives at the national and international levels have led to the creation of programs geared specifically towards the improvement of food crops in tropical conditions. Examples of this increased commitment are the network of international agricultural research centers and numerous bilateral aid projects. As a consequence, crop improvement has become a truly worldwide endeavor, relying on an international network of institutions and collaborators. This holds also for Phaseolus beans. Following the discovery of the Americas, Phaseolus beans became distributed on all six continents. Yet, until not so long ago, most of the research on Phaseolus improvement took place in developed countries. In recognition of the nutritional importance of Phaseolus beans in developing countries, this has changed considerably in the last years, principally perhaps through the activities of the Centro Internacional de Agricultura Tropical (CIAT) and the International Board for Plant Genetic Resources (IBPGR). Consequently, the scope of the research on Phaseolus has broadened considerably and the number of Phaseolus researchers is larger than ever before.
Author: Aditya Pratap Publisher: Woodhead Publishing ISBN: 0128214449 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 316
Book Description
The Beans and the Peas: From Orphan to Mainstream Crops presents a comprehensive literature resource on the most important food legume crops previously known as "orphans," but which are increasingly becoming mainstream as their production opportunities have been improved through genetic improvement and biotechnology, and their role as an important nutrient source gains urgency. This book focuses on 12 important food legumes and discusses all relevant aspects on their economic importance, crop statistics, botany, and their general description. It also provides exhaustive information on plant genetic resources and their use, genetic improvement, resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses, improved varieties, agronomy, seed system, and use of information and communication tools in each individual food legume.Development of innovative biotechnological tools, genetic transformation, and the genome sequencing information has also been covered in each chapter providing the readers with state-of-the-art information on pulses. All chapters have been supported by relevant figures, illustrations, and tables, which make the contents accessible and easy to understand.Each of the chapters has been authored by globally known scientists/researchers presenting up-to-date information on various aspects of food legumes. This book provides a current and comprehensive treatise to the readers and will be tremendously helpful in furthering their academic and research pursuits. Provides a single-volume resource on the most important food legumes having a prominent role in food and nutritional security Written by experts with a focus on providing foundational information for further research and development Presents both theoretical aspects and application-based case studies Supported by relevant figures, illustrations, and tables
Author: Mitchell Ryan Lucas
Author: Mitchell Ryan Lucas
Author: Ousmane Boukar
Author: Ashok Kumar Parihar
Author: Shivali Sharma
Author: Vijay Rani Rajpal
Author: Chittaranjan Kole
Author: Mohar Singh
Author: Mohar Singh
Author: Paul Gepts
Author: Aditya Pratap