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Author: Christopher M. Dschaak Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 229
Book Description
Overall hypothesis in a series of lactation studies reported in this dissertation was that supplementing different rumen modifiers would have consistent responses on ruminal fermentation and lactational performance under optimal ruminal fermentative conditions. First experiment investigated the influence magnesium exchanged zeolite on ruminal fermentation and lactational performance. Intake of dry matter (DM), milk yield, milk fat concentration, and feed efficiency were not affected. Milk protein concentration tended (P = 0.15) to be higher for the zeolite total mixed ration (TMR). Ruminal pH tended to increase (P = 0.11) by feeding the sodium bicarbonate or the zeolite. A second lactation experiment determined the influence of quebracho condensed tannin extract (CTE) on ruminal fermentation and lactational performance. Supplementing CTE decreased intakes of DM and nutrients regardless of forage level thereby increasing feed efficiency. Milk yield and components were not affected. Milk urea N (MUN) and total VFA concentration decreased by supplementing CTE. Cows fed CTE had decreased ruminal ammonia-N and MUN concentrations, indicating that less ruminal N was lost as ammonia. A third lactation trial assessed whole safflower seeds (SS) on ruminal fermentation, lactational performance, and milk fatty acids. Feeding the Nutrasaff SS TMR (NSST) decreased intake of neutral detergent fiber. Digestibilities of nutrients, milk yield and components, ruminal pH, ruminal VFA, and ammonia-N were similar. Ruminal C16:0 fatty acid (FA) concentration increased with the cottonseed TMR (CST), while C18:1 cis-9 and C18:2 n-6 tended (P = 0.10 and P = 0.09, respectively) to increase with SS supplementation. Supplementing SS decreased milk C16:0 concentration, whereas it increased C18:1 cis-9 and C18:1 trans-9. Milk C18:1 trans-11 FA and cis-9, trans-11 conjugated linoleic acid increased and tended (P = 0.07) to increase with feeding the NSST. Feeding zeolite would cost-effectively replace sodium bicarbonate as a ruminal buffer, whereas CTE may change the route of N excretion, having less excretion into urine, but more into feces. Whole SS can be an effective fat supplement to lactating dairy cows without negative impacts on lactational performance and milk FA. These studies demonstrate that the three rumen modifiers can positively manipulate ruminal fermentation.
Author: Christopher M. Dschaak Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 229
Book Description
Overall hypothesis in a series of lactation studies reported in this dissertation was that supplementing different rumen modifiers would have consistent responses on ruminal fermentation and lactational performance under optimal ruminal fermentative conditions. First experiment investigated the influence magnesium exchanged zeolite on ruminal fermentation and lactational performance. Intake of dry matter (DM), milk yield, milk fat concentration, and feed efficiency were not affected. Milk protein concentration tended (P = 0.15) to be higher for the zeolite total mixed ration (TMR). Ruminal pH tended to increase (P = 0.11) by feeding the sodium bicarbonate or the zeolite. A second lactation experiment determined the influence of quebracho condensed tannin extract (CTE) on ruminal fermentation and lactational performance. Supplementing CTE decreased intakes of DM and nutrients regardless of forage level thereby increasing feed efficiency. Milk yield and components were not affected. Milk urea N (MUN) and total VFA concentration decreased by supplementing CTE. Cows fed CTE had decreased ruminal ammonia-N and MUN concentrations, indicating that less ruminal N was lost as ammonia. A third lactation trial assessed whole safflower seeds (SS) on ruminal fermentation, lactational performance, and milk fatty acids. Feeding the Nutrasaff SS TMR (NSST) decreased intake of neutral detergent fiber. Digestibilities of nutrients, milk yield and components, ruminal pH, ruminal VFA, and ammonia-N were similar. Ruminal C16:0 fatty acid (FA) concentration increased with the cottonseed TMR (CST), while C18:1 cis-9 and C18:2 n-6 tended (P = 0.10 and P = 0.09, respectively) to increase with SS supplementation. Supplementing SS decreased milk C16:0 concentration, whereas it increased C18:1 cis-9 and C18:1 trans-9. Milk C18:1 trans-11 FA and cis-9, trans-11 conjugated linoleic acid increased and tended (P = 0.07) to increase with feeding the NSST. Feeding zeolite would cost-effectively replace sodium bicarbonate as a ruminal buffer, whereas CTE may change the route of N excretion, having less excretion into urine, but more into feces. Whole SS can be an effective fat supplement to lactating dairy cows without negative impacts on lactational performance and milk FA. These studies demonstrate that the three rumen modifiers can positively manipulate ruminal fermentation.
Author: Abdelfattah Zeidan Mohamed Salem Publisher: Springer Nature ISBN: 303127993X Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 200
Book Description
This book addresses a global issue of increasing high quality food from ruminant animals while reducing their impacts on the environment. However, one of the main constraints to livestock development and the underlying cause of the low productivity in many developing countries is inadequate nutrition associated with inefficient utilization of forages and fibrous feed resources. In many countries, fibrous feed makes up the bulk of available feed resource base, which is characterized by scarcity and fluctuating supply in the quantity and quality of feed resources, nutrient imbalance as seen in many native pastures, grasslands and crop residues-based feeding systems with limited use of commercial concentrate feeds such as soybean, cottonseed and groundnut meals, etc. Furthermore, the production of methane, an important greenhouse gas (GHG), from ruminants fed highly fibrous diets such as straws and stover is higher than those animals fed better quality forages or concentrate diets. Recent research shows that supplementing livestock diets with exogenous fibre degrading enzymes can improve feed utilization by enhancing intake, fibre degradation in the rumen and overall digestibility of fibrous feeds which in turn leads to improved animal performance, farmers’ income, and a reduction in GHG emissions. The book editors would like to acknowledge the Joint FAO/IAEA Division of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture for funding part of the studies that make up some of these chapters and were part of the final reports of a coordinated research project financed by IAEA.
Author: Yamicela Castillo Castillo Publisher: ISBN: Category : Electronic books Languages : en Pages : 0
Book Description
There is considerable interest in the use of microbial additives such as yeasts in the nutrition of ruminants. The prohibition of the antibiotics as growth promoters in animal feeds increased the interest to investigate the effects of yeasts as natural additives on the gastrointestinal ecosystem and animal productive behavior. The effect of yeast-based preparations on the rumen environment and on the growth performance of ruminants has been well documented and has generated considerable scientific attention in the last two decades. However, the precise action modes by which the yeast cultures improve nutrient utilization and livestock production are still under study. Therefore, the objective of this chapter is to deepen into the action mechanisms of the yeasts at the ruminal level and at the productive level for their use as additives in animal feeding.
Author: P.N. Hobson Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media ISBN: 9400914539 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 741
Book Description
The Preface to the first edition of this book explained the reasons for the publication of a comprehensive text on the rumen and rumen microbes in 1988. The microbes of the ruminant's forestomach and those in related organs in other animals and birds provide the means by which herbivorous animals can digest and obtain nutriment from vegetation. In turn, humans have relied, and still do rely, on herbivores for much of their food, clothing and motive power. Herbivores also form the food of carnivorous animals and birds in the wild. The importance of the rumen microorganisms is thus apparent. But, while a knowledge of rumen organisms is not strictly neces sary for the normal, practical feeding of farm animals, in recent years there has been much more emphasis on increasing the productivity of domesti cated animals and in rearing farm animals on unusual feedstuffs. Here, a knowledge of the reactions of the rumen flora, and the limits to these reactions, can be invaluable. In addition, anaerobic rumen-type microor ganisms are found in the intestines of omnivores, including humans, and can be implicated in diseases of humans and animals. They are also found in soils and natural waters, where they playa part in causing pollution and also in reducing it, while the same organisms confined in artificial systems are essential for the purification of sewage and other polluting and toxic wastes.
Author: National Research Council Publisher: National Academies ISBN: 0309049970 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 94
Book Description
In the past decade, animal scientists have learned that administering recombinantly derived somatotropin (growth hormone) to cows improves milk production and that giving beta-adrenergic agonists to meat animals improves productivity and leanness. In order for these metabolic modifiers to yield benefits, however, sound management of the animals' nutrition is necessary. This volume reports on how these substances work in the animals' metabolism, what effects they might have on nutrient requirements of domestic livestock, and what information should be developed further by investigators. The book explores the current understanding of the biology, structure, mechanisms of action, and treatment effects of somatotropin, beta-adrenergic agonists, and anabolic steroids. A companion volume to the Nutrient Requirements of Domestic Animals series, this authoritative volume will be required reading for animal scientists, researchers, veterinarians, livestock farmers, and faculty and students in university animal veterinary science programs.
Author: Anil Kumar Puniya Publisher: Springer ISBN: 8132224019 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 380
Book Description
This book offers an in-depth description of different groups of microbes (i.e. bacteria, protozoa, fungi and viruses) that exist in the rumen microbial community, and offers an overview of rumen microbiology, the rumen microbial ecosystem of domesticated ruminants, and rumen microbial diversity. It provides the latest concepts on rumen microbiology for scholars, researchers and teachers of animal and veterinary sciences. With this goal in mind, throughout the text we focus on specific areas related to the biology and complex interactions of the microbes in rumen, integrating significant key issues in each respective area. We also discuss rumen manipulation with plant secondary metabolites, microbial feed additives, utilization of organic acids, selective inhibition of harmful rumen microbes, and ‘omics’ approaches to manipulating rumen microbial functions. A section on the exploration and exploitation of rumen microbes addresses topics including the current state of knowledge on rumen metagenomics, rumen: an underutilized niche for industrially important enzymes and ruminal fermentations to produce fuels. We next turn our attention to commercial applications of rumen microbial enzymes and to the molecular characterization of euryarcheal communities within an anaerobic digester. A section on intestinal disorders and rumen microbes covers acidosis in cattle, urea/ ammonia metabolism in the rumen and nitrate/ nitrite toxicity in ruminant diets. Last, the future prospects of rumen microbiology are examined, based on the latest developments in this area. In summary, the book offers a highly systematic collection of essential content on rumen microbiology.
Author: Christopher M. Dschaak
Author: Christopher M. Dschaak
Author: Abdelfattah Zeidan Mohamed Salem
Author: Yamicela Castillo Castillo
Author: P.N. Hobson
Author: National Research Council
Author: Ahmed E. Kholif
Author: Anil Kumar Puniya
Author: M. S. Mahesh
Author: Raudall D. Wiedmeir
Author: Prakash Poudel