U.S. Records on Saudi Affairs, 1945-1959: Internal and foreign affairs, 1955-1959 PDF Download

Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Saudi Arabia
Languages : en
Pages : 832

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Author: GEW Intelligence Unit
Publisher: Global East-West
ISBN:
Category : Political Science
Languages : en
Pages : 471

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Book Description
The evolution of Saudi Arabia's diplomacy since 1945 highlights its strategic adjustments in response to regional and global changes, focusing on economic diversification, energy leadership, and cultural diplomacy under Vision 2030. The study is primarily grounded in the multi-dimensional nature of addressing various geopolitical and socio-economic challenges. It encompasses several key approaches and analyses, including the critique of anti-terror policies and their implications for civil liberties, the influence of public opinion polling on international policy and diplomatic engagements, the evolving nature of military stances in response to new global threats, the promotion of cultural and educational exchanges through Arabic language centers and Islamic cultural institutes, the optimization of defense policies and force structures to address modern warfare challenges, and the navigation of jurisdictional complexities in international trade. Key Takeaways Saudi Arabia's diplomatic strategies have evolved significantly since 1945, incorporating economic diversification and modernization efforts as outlined in Vision 2030. The nation's role as a leading oil producer and its leadership in OPEC have been central to its global influence, necessitating adaptation to changing energy markets and sustainability concerns. Emphasis on cultural diplomacy and soft power, including educational reforms, cultural festivals, and media initiatives, has enhanced Saudi Arabia's global image. Vision 2030 has driven substantial social reforms, particularly in empowering women and promoting inclusivity in the workforce, reflecting broader societal shifts. Saudi Arabia's proactive stance in regional stability, evidenced by its involvement in Yemeni and Gulf conflicts, underscores its commitment to security and humanitarian efforts. The Kingdom's alignment with international treaties and adaptation to global legal challenges highlight its efforts to uphold global standards while maintaining national interests. Strategic military modernization and defense planning remain pivotal as Saudi Arabia navigates new geopolitical challenges and partnerships, focusing on regional stability and security.

Author: Jeffrey R. Macris
Publisher: Routledge
ISBN: 1135189447
Category : History
Languages : en
Pages : 339

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Since the 19th century the Gulf region has been an area of intense interest, having been influenced first by the British and more recently by the Americans. This book charts the changing security and political priorities of these two powers and how they have shaped the region. Adopting a narrative approach, the author provides background history on British involvement from the 19th century and a detailed analysis of the years after the Second World War, when oil supply became more critical. He covers the growth of US influence and the British withdrawal, and follows more recent changes as the US built up its military presence following Desert Storm and the invasion of Iraq. Looking at the three enduring missions fulfilled by the British - maintaining interstate order, protecting the free flow of commerce, which later included petroleum; and keeping out other Great Powers – the book demonstrates how these had by 1991 been assumed almost entirely by the American leaders. A comprehensive and thorough look at the history of the Gulf and the contemporary issues affecting the region, this will be essential reading for students of Middle East history, military history and diplomatic history. Visit the author's website at www.thepoliticsandsecurityofthegulf.com

Author: Toby Matthiesen
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
ISBN: 1107043042
Category : History
Languages : en
Pages : 305

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This book traces the politics of the Shia in the oil-rich Eastern Province of Sunni-dominated Saudi Arabia since the nineteenth century.

Author: Geoffrey F. Gresh
Publisher: Routledge
ISBN: 1351169629
Category : Political Science
Languages : en
Pages : 328

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The dawn of the Cold War marked a new stage of complex U.S. foreign policy involvement in the Middle East. More recently, globalization and the region’s ongoing conflicts and political violence have led to the U.S. being more politically, economically, and militarily enmeshed – for better or worse—throughout the region. This book examines the emergence and development of U.S. foreign policy toward the Middle East from the early 1900s to the present. With contributions from some of the world’s leading scholars, it takes a fresh, interdisciplinary, and insightful look into the many antecedents that led to current U.S. foreign policy. Exploring the historical challenges, regional alliances, rapid political change, economic interests, domestic politics, and other sources of regional instability, this volume comprises critical analysis from Iranian, Turkish, Israeli, American, and Arab perspectives to provide a comprehensive examination of the evolution and transformation of U.S. foreign policy toward the Middle East. This volume is an important resource for scholars and students working in the fields of Political Science, Sociology, International Relations, Islamic, Turkish, Iranian, Arab, and Israeli Studies.

Author: Geoffrey F. Gresh
Publisher: Stanford University Press
ISBN: 0804795061
Category : Political Science
Languages : en
Pages : 281

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The U.S. military maintains a significant presence across the Arabian Peninsula but it must now confront a new and emerging dynamic as most Gulf Cooperation Council countries have begun to diversify their political, economic, and security partnerships with countries other than the United States—with many turning to ascending powers such as China, Russia, and India. For Gulf Arab monarchies, the choice of security partner is made more complicated by increased domestic and regional instability stemming in part from Iraq, Syria, and a menacing Iran: factors that threaten to alter totally the Middle East security dynamic. Understanding the dynamics of base politicization in a Gulf host nation—or any other—is therefore vitally important for the U.S. today. Gulf National Security and the U.S. Military examines both Gulf Arab national security and U.S. military basing relations with Gulf Arab monarchy hosts from the Second World War to the present day. Three in-depth country cases—Saudi Arabia, Bahrain, and Oman—help explain the important questions posed by the author regarding when and why a host nation either terminated a U.S. military basing presence or granted U.S. military basing access. The analysis of the cases offers a fresh perspective on how the United States has adapted to sometimes rapidly shifting Middle East security dynamics and factors that influence a host nation's preference for eviction or renegotiation, based on its perception of internal versus external threats.

Author: Simon C. Smith
Publisher: Routledge
ISBN: 1136501460
Category : History
Languages : en
Pages : 331

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This book is a major and wide-ranging re-assessment of Anglo-American relations in the Middle Eastern context. It analyses the process of ending of empire in the Middle East from 1945 to the Yom Kippur War of 1973. Based on original research into both British and American archival sources, it covers all the key events of the period, including the withdrawal from Palestine, the Anglo-American coup against the Musaddiq regime in Iran, the Suez Crisis and its aftermath, the Iraqi and Yemeni revolutions, and the Arab-Israeli conflicts. It demonstrates that, far from experiencing a ‘loss of nerve’ or tamely acquiescing in a transfer of power to the United States, British decision-makers robustly defended their regional interests well into the 1960s and even beyond. It also argues that concept of the ‘special relationship’ impeded the smooth-running of Anglo-American relations in the region by obscuring differences, stymieing clear communication, and practising self-deception on policy-makers on both sides of the Atlantic who assumed a contiguity which all too often failed to exist. With the Middle East at the top of the contemporary international policy agenda, and recent Anglo-American interventions fuelling interest in empire, this is a timely book of importance to all those interested in the contemporary development of the region.

Author: K. Christie
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 1137369604
Category : Social Science
Languages : en
Pages : 272

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For states in the Middle East, North Africa, and South Asia, the "Arab Spring" has had different implications and consequences, stemming from the politics of identity and the historical and political processes that have shaped development. This book focuses on how these factors interact with globalization and affect state formation.

Author: Steffen Hertog
Publisher: Cornell University Press
ISBN: 080145753X
Category : Political Science
Languages : en
Pages : 313

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In Princes, Brokers, and Bureaucrats, the most thorough treatment of the political economy of Saudi Arabia to date, Steffen Hertog uncovers an untold history of how the elite rivalries and whims of half a century ago have shaped today's Saudi state and are reflected in its policies. Starting in the late 1990s, Saudi Arabia embarked on an ambitious reform campaign to remedy its long-term economic stagnation. The results have been puzzling for both area specialists and political economists: Saudi institutions have not failed across the board, as theorists of the "rentier state" would predict, nor have they achieved the all-encompassing modernization the regime has touted. Instead, the kingdom has witnessed a bewildering mélange of thorough failures and surprising successes. Hertog argues that it is traits peculiar to the Saudi state that make sense of its uneven capacities. Oil rents since World War II have shaped Saudi state institutions in ways that are far from uniform. Oil money has given regime elites unusual leeway for various institutional experiments in different parts of the state: in some cases creating massive rent-seeking networks deeply interwoven with local society; in others large but passive bureaucracies; in yet others insulated islands of remarkable efficiency. This process has fragmented the Saudi state into an uncoordinated set of vertically divided fiefdoms. Case studies of foreign investment reform, labor market nationalization and WTO accession reveal how this oil-funded apparatus enables swift and successful policy-making in some policy areas, but produces coordination and regulation failures in others.

Author: Joshua Yaphe
Publisher: Liverpool University Press
ISBN: 1782847669
Category : History
Languages : en
Pages : 279

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Saudi Arabia and Iraq have a shared history, as both friends and enemies at one and the same time, and their growth as modern nation-states must be understood in that joint context. This book establishes a new narrative and timeline for bilateral relations between the two countries, while examining the work of other Arab and Western scholars, in order to excavate the biases underlying so much previous work on this topic. In doing so, it proposes a new way of looking at state formation and boundaries in the Middle East, by showing how the interactions of regional neighbors left an indelible imprint on the domestic politics of one another. The two different visions for managing the border that Saudi Arabia and Iraq developed in the 1920s generated mistrust on both sides, leading to a gradual process of estrangement that lasted through the 1950s and beyond. Ibn Saud made strenuous efforts to preserve the socio-economic ties that united the communities of southern Iraq with the Najd and, in turn, those efforts helped encourage a wave of Sunni Arab migrants from Iraq who helped build the Saudi state. Iraqi politicians and clerics attempted to use the issue of Ikhwan raids as a rallying cry for promoting their political agendas, thereby contributing to a growing sectarian discourse and undermining the nationalist rhetoric of the 1920 Revolution. The two countries had a remarkable and long-lasting impact on one another, even as they drifted farther and farther apart through mutual fear and suspicion.