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Author: Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 14
Book Description
It's no surprise that U.S. policy makers need a new typology for foreign assistance as a strategic tool. Throughout the Cold War, foreign assistance -- defined here as government resources provided to foreign governments, groups, or individuals to promote the donor's national interest -- was viewed through the lens of East-West rivalry. The overriding goal of foreign aid was nearly always to cement the position of recipient governments in one camp or another, balancing spheres of influence between two superpowers. In the United States, a plethora of subsidiary goals evolved with no systematic hierarchy -- from saving lives, to promoting economic development, to preserving the environment. Achieving these ends was desirable, but not necessary to justify continued appropriations. The end of the Cold War made the former Soviet Empire a new target for U.S. aid, adding the transformation of authoritarian states into democracies to foreign aid's mushrooming responsibilities. Goals multiplied until the Foreign Assistance Act came to prescribe as many as 33 objectives and 75 priority areas. For many American taxpayers and legislators, foreign aid became a losing proposition, because the aid inevitably failed at some, if not all, of its diffuse tasks. Dwindling support reduced American foreign assistance budgets to the smallest proportion of GNP among the industrialized members of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development. While the dwindling quantity of foreign aid dollars worries many foreign affairs specialists, the most pressing task is to define what we expect the budget to buy. The qualities of aid as a strategic tool for the next century must be clarified. This essay proposes four aid categories to replace the myriad purposes outlined in current legislation: Security Assistance, Humanitarian Assistance, Assistance Combating Global Threats, and Liberalization Assistance.
Author: Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 14
Book Description
It's no surprise that U.S. policy makers need a new typology for foreign assistance as a strategic tool. Throughout the Cold War, foreign assistance -- defined here as government resources provided to foreign governments, groups, or individuals to promote the donor's national interest -- was viewed through the lens of East-West rivalry. The overriding goal of foreign aid was nearly always to cement the position of recipient governments in one camp or another, balancing spheres of influence between two superpowers. In the United States, a plethora of subsidiary goals evolved with no systematic hierarchy -- from saving lives, to promoting economic development, to preserving the environment. Achieving these ends was desirable, but not necessary to justify continued appropriations. The end of the Cold War made the former Soviet Empire a new target for U.S. aid, adding the transformation of authoritarian states into democracies to foreign aid's mushrooming responsibilities. Goals multiplied until the Foreign Assistance Act came to prescribe as many as 33 objectives and 75 priority areas. For many American taxpayers and legislators, foreign aid became a losing proposition, because the aid inevitably failed at some, if not all, of its diffuse tasks. Dwindling support reduced American foreign assistance budgets to the smallest proportion of GNP among the industrialized members of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development. While the dwindling quantity of foreign aid dollars worries many foreign affairs specialists, the most pressing task is to define what we expect the budget to buy. The qualities of aid as a strategic tool for the next century must be clarified. This essay proposes four aid categories to replace the myriad purposes outlined in current legislation: Security Assistance, Humanitarian Assistance, Assistance Combating Global Threats, and Liberalization Assistance.
Author: Carol Lancaster Publisher: Peterson Institute ISBN: 9780881322910 Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 140
Book Description
The phenomenon of foreign aid began at the end of World War II and has survived the Cold War. How should the United States now spend its foreign aid to support its interests and values in the new century? In this study, Carol Lancaster takes a fresh look at all US foreign aid programs and asks whether their purposes, organization and management are appropriate to US interests and values in the world of the 21st century. Lancaster finds that US aid in the new century, if it is to be an effective tool of US foreign policy, needs to be transformed. Its purposes need to be refocused and its organization and management brought into line with those purposes. Those purposes include support for peace-making, addressing transnational issues, providing for humane concerns and responding to humanitarian emergencies. Traditional programs aimed at promoting development, democracy and economic and political transitions in former socialist countries will not disappear but they will have less priority than inthe past. These new sets of purposes, promoting both US interests and values abroad, also offer a policy paradigm around which a new political consensus can be created that will support US aid in the 21st century.Transforming Foreign Aid should be of particular interest to professors, students, and researchers of international affairs, foreign policy, political science, and political economy.
Author: Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 0
Book Description
This White House and the World Brief presents the key facts and recommendations drawn from Chapter Ten of The White House and the World: A Global Development Agenda for the Next U.S. President. Meeting today's foreign policy challenges requires a new vision of American global leadership based on the strength of our core values, ideas, and ingenuity. It calls for an integrated foreign policy that promotes our ideals, enhances our security, helps create economic and political opportunities for people around the world, and restores America's image abroad. We cannot rely exclusively or even primarily on defense and security to meet these goals. CGD senior policy analyst Sheila Herrling and senior fellow Steve Radelet argue instead that we must make greater use of all the tools of statecraft, including diplomacy, trade, investment, intelligence, and a strong and effective foreign assistance strategy.
Author: Publisher: DIANE Publishing ISBN: 1437942849 Category : Languages : en Pages : 16
Book Description
Several development proponents, nongovernmental organizations (NGOs), and policymakers are pressing the 111th Congress to reform U.S. foreign aid capabilities to better address 21st Century development needs and national security challenges. Over the past nearly 50 years, the legislative foundation for U.S. foreign aid has evolved largely by amending the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 (P.L. 87-195), the primary statutory basis for U.S. foreign aid programs, or enacting separate freestanding laws to reflect specific U.S. foreign policy interests. Many describe U.S. aid programs as fragmented, cumbersome, and not finely tuned to address the existing needs and U.S. national security interests. Lack of a comprehensive congressional reauthorization of foreign aid for about half of those fifty years further compounds the perceived weakness of U.S. aid programs and statutes. The current structure of U.S. foreign aid entities, as well as implementation and follow-up monitoring of the effectiveness of aid programs, have come under increasing scrutiny in recent years. Criticisms include a lack of focus and coherence overall, too many agencies involved in delivering aid with inadequate coordination or leadership, lack of flexibility, responsiveness and transparency of aid programs, and a perceived lack of progress in some countries that have been aid recipients for decades. Over the last decade, a number of observers have expressed a growing concern about the increasing involvement of the Department of Defense in foreign aid activities.
Author: Carol Lancaster Publisher: University of Chicago Press ISBN: 0226470628 Category : Political Science Languages : en Pages : 298
Book Description
A twentieth-century innovation, foreign aid has become a familiar and even expected element in international relations. But scholars and government officials continue to debate why countries provide it: some claim that it is primarily a tool of diplomacy, some argue that it is largely intended to support development in poor countries, and still others point out its myriad newer uses. Carol Lancaster effectively puts this dispute to rest here by providing the most comprehensive answer yet to the question of why governments give foreign aid. She argues that because of domestic politics in aid-giving countries, it has always been—and will continue to be—used to achieve a mixture of different goals. Drawing on her expertise in both comparative politics and international relations and on her experience as a former public official, Lancaster provides five in-depth case studies—the United States, Japan, France, Germany, and Denmark—that demonstrate how domestic politics and international pressures combine to shape how and why donor governments give aid. In doing so, she explores the impact on foreign aid of political institutions, interest groups, and the ways governments organize their giving. Her findings provide essential insight for scholars of international relations and comparative politics, as well as anyone involved with foreign aid or foreign policy.
Author: Rhonda L. Callaway Publisher: Routledge ISBN: 1317049411 Category : Political Science Languages : en Pages : 257
Book Description
One major dilemma regarding US foreign policy is when and how the US should address human rights around the globe and what responsibility exists for the US to promote human rights in the countries that receive US aid. Does US policy for foreign assistance really address human rights or is it merely another instrument in the US foreign policy toolbox? This insightful book addresses several key themes and questions revolving around the complex nature of US foreign policy and human rights. It examines US foreign policy and human rights, as well as the evolution of US assistance, and includes empirical evidence and case studies of Plan Colombia, Turkey and the war on terror, India and Pakistan. It closes with a look at the future of foreign aid.
Author: United States. Agency for International Development. Bureau for Policy and Program Coordination Publisher: ISBN: Category : Developing countries Languages : en Pages : 34
Author: J. Stephen Morrison Publisher: CSIS ISBN: 9780892065240 Category : Developing countries Languages : en Pages : 64
Book Description
Over the past few years, the Pentagon's role as a direct provider of foreign assistance has surged. The Department of Defense (DOD) has assumed an expanding role in counterterrorism, capacity building, post-conflict operations, and humanitarian assistance--beyond implementing traditional military-to-military programs supported by State Department funds. The CSIS Task Force on Nontraditional Security Assistance was constituted to identify the main drivers behind these trends; to assess Pentagon performance in several nontraditional areas; to examine what is happening in the diplomatic and development spheres; to evaluate the implications of DOD's enlarged role for U.S. national security, foreign policy, and development objectives; and to offer concrete recommendations to foster a balanced and sustainable division of responsibilities between the Pentagon and U.S. civilian agencies. The task force also examined the newly launched U.S. Africa Command (AFRICOM) as a case study for the coordination of military activities with those of the diplomatic and development communities.
Author: Louis A. Picard Publisher: Routledge ISBN: 1317470389 Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 417
Book Description
This timely work presents cutting-edge analysis of the problems of U.S. foreign assistance programs - why these problems have not been solved in the past, and how they might be solved in the future. The book focuses primarily on U.S. foreign assistance and foreign policy as they apply to nation building, governance, and democratization. The expert contributors examine issues currently in play, and also trace the history and evolution of many of these problems over the years. They address policy concerns as well as management and organizational factors as they affect programs and policies. "Foreign Aid and Foreign Policy" includes several chapter-length case studies (on Iraq, Pakistan, Ghana, Haiti, and various countries in Eastern Europe and Africa), but the bulk of the book presents broad coverage of general topics such as foreign aid and security, NGOs and foreign aid, capacity building, and building democracy abroad. Each chapter offers recommendations on how to improve the U.S. system of aid in the context of foreign policy.
Author: Jeanne Shaheen Publisher: Rowman & Littlefield ISBN: 1442280263 Category : Political Science Languages : en Pages : 51
Book Description
This is the final report of the bipartisan CSIS Task Force on Reforming and Reorganizing U.S. Foreign Assistance. As the Trump administration attempts to curb government spending, particularly in foreign assistance, this study reviews past attempts at reorganizing the U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID) and the U.S. Department of State, and it provides recommendations for the new administration. The task force consisted of former civil and foreign service officers and is co-chaired by Senator Jeanne Shaheen (D-NH) and Senator Todd Young (R-IN). The report addresses the potential damage that can occur if these budget cuts are not done in an informed and effective manner. It suggests that an uninformed merger of USAID/State could damage U.S. national security and prosperity and adversely affect U.S. leadership and impact abroad. The task force members have lived and worked through the Obama and Bush administrations and have important perspectives on how such reform and reorganization can be done in a productive way to maximize efficiency and resources.
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Author: Carol Lancaster
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Author: Carol Lancaster
Author: Rhonda L. Callaway
Author: United States. Agency for International Development. Bureau for Policy and Program Coordination
Author: J. Stephen Morrison
Author: Louis A. Picard
Author: Jeanne Shaheen