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Author: Maiara Santos Severo Publisher: ISBN: 9781303507397 Category : Anaplasma Languages : en Pages : 140
Book Description
Vector-borne diseases have a major impact in mortality and morbidity throughout the tropics. Vector-borne pathogens are transmitted to humans by blood feeding arthropods like mosquitoes and ticks. A true understanding of the vector-borne disease cycle requires the study of the major players involved in this cycle: the mammalian host, the pathogen and the arthropod vector. This thesis examines these aspects by using a tick-borne disease, human granulocytic anaplasmosis (HGA), as a model. Chapters 1, 2 and 3 emphasize the importance of vector-borne diseases and discuss medically relevant arthropod vectors in light of their immune response to human pathogens. The etiologic agent of HGA, Anaplasma phagocytophilum , is also examined in detail, with a focus on immune evasion strategies used to colonize mammals and ticks. Chapters 4 thru 6 are dedicated to address pathogen, host and the tick vector, respectively. First, the contribution of one A. phagocytophilum gene, the dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase, to infection is demonstrated. Next, the role of tick saliva as an immunomodulator of A. phagocytophilum infection in the mammalian host is revealed. Finally, an Ixodes scapularis X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein is described as an E3 ubiquitin ligase that controls tick colonization by A. phagocytophilum . In summary, this dissertation uncovers three distinct events underlying the tick-pathogen-host interface.
Author: Maiara Santos Severo Publisher: ISBN: 9781303507397 Category : Anaplasma Languages : en Pages : 140
Book Description
Vector-borne diseases have a major impact in mortality and morbidity throughout the tropics. Vector-borne pathogens are transmitted to humans by blood feeding arthropods like mosquitoes and ticks. A true understanding of the vector-borne disease cycle requires the study of the major players involved in this cycle: the mammalian host, the pathogen and the arthropod vector. This thesis examines these aspects by using a tick-borne disease, human granulocytic anaplasmosis (HGA), as a model. Chapters 1, 2 and 3 emphasize the importance of vector-borne diseases and discuss medically relevant arthropod vectors in light of their immune response to human pathogens. The etiologic agent of HGA, Anaplasma phagocytophilum , is also examined in detail, with a focus on immune evasion strategies used to colonize mammals and ticks. Chapters 4 thru 6 are dedicated to address pathogen, host and the tick vector, respectively. First, the contribution of one A. phagocytophilum gene, the dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase, to infection is demonstrated. Next, the role of tick saliva as an immunomodulator of A. phagocytophilum infection in the mammalian host is revealed. Finally, an Ixodes scapularis X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein is described as an E3 ubiquitin ligase that controls tick colonization by A. phagocytophilum . In summary, this dissertation uncovers three distinct events underlying the tick-pathogen-host interface.
Author: Jessica Brown Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 0
Book Description
Mammals have been subjected to parasitism for millions of years, and parasites are dependent on their hosts for survival. Coevolution has driven the development of traits in hosts and parasites. The evolution of host-parasite relationships is highly nuanced, and model systems can increase our broader understanding of the ecological concepts that drive host-parasite interaction and evolution, especially as we face a changing world driven by anthropogenic and natural causes. Lyme disease, or Lyme borreliosis, is the most commonly diagnosed vector-borne disease in the United States. Rodents commonly serve as hosts for blacklegged ticks (Ixodes scapularis) and as competent reservoirs for Borrelia burgdorferi, the causative agent of Lyme disease. Not all hosts are equally capable of infecting naïve ticks, nor are all hosts studied equally. Despite being regularly parasitized by blacklegged ticks, other common mammalian hosts of blacklegged ticks are typically not the focus of tick ecology or control studies. Most studies focused on blacklegged ticks' hosts are focused solely on white-footed mice (Peromyscus leucopus) and/or white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus). Two additional species of small mammals whose distributions commonly overlap with that of the white-footed mouse and blacklegged tick are the meadow vole (Microtus pennsylvanicus) and the southern red-backed vole (Clethrionomys gapperi). While they are hosts of juvenile life stages of blacklegged ticks and can be infected with B. burgdorferi, the body of literature focusing on tick associations with either host is minimal. Observing naturally occurring differences in tick burdens among the three aforementioned rodent host species led to inquiries regarding potential drivers of this phenomenon, including potential behavioral and immune-mediated defense mechanisms. Additionally, this work provides a unique opportunity to assess how sympatric hosts with varying historical relationships with blacklegged ticks respond to the presence of a parasite as its range continually expands through North America. This dissertation assessed the relationship between blacklegged ticks and individuals of all three rodent species from colonies established from wild-caught individuals studied in the field. The objective of this work was to address knowledge gaps in our understanding of how hosts respond to blacklegged tick attachment, specifically in how they use behavioral and immunological defenses to prevent parasitism. Ultimately, the defensive mechanisms used by each host in response to parasitism differed; white-footed mice exhibited no notable defensive mechanisms, meadow voles used behavioral defenses, and southern red-backed voles seemed to develop immunological resistance. As our climate continues to change, organisms are continually adapting. The takeaways from this work have the potential to be extrapolated to other systems and increase our ability to form predictions related to emerging or re-emerging pathogens.
Author: Institute of Medicine Publisher: National Academies Press ISBN: 0309211093 Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 560
Book Description
A single tick bite can have debilitating consequences. Lyme disease is the most common disease carried by ticks in the United States, and the number of those afflicted is growing steadily. If left untreated, the diseases carried by ticks-known as tick-borne diseases-can cause severe pain, fatigue, neurological problems, and other serious health problems. The Institute of Medicine held a workshop October 11-12, 2010, to examine the state of the science in Lyme disease and other tick-borne diseases.
Author: Justin D Radolf Publisher: ISBN: 9781913652616 Category : Languages : en Pages : 770
Book Description
Lyme disease (Lyme borreliosis) is the most prevalent vector-borne illness in the United States and Europe and a growing threat to global health. In addition Lyme disease is considered a model system of emerging infectious diseases. The book Borrelia: Molecular Biology, Host Interaction and Pathogenesis published in 2010 was the first state-of-the-art reference work covering the myriad, interlaced facets of the enzootic disorders caused by pathogenic Borrelia. This current volume, by the same editors, builds on the previous work and contains a vast amount of new information, a wider scope, and increased coverage of genomics, genetics, evolutionary biology, vector biology, physiology, pathogenicity, immune response, and immune evasion. Written by renowned scientists who have made seminal contributions to the field, this book contains an expansive treatment of the options to track live spirochetes and evaluate gene expression in ticks and mice, provides insights into the workings of the flagellar motor, presents up-to-date research on the modulation of gene expression, and reviews recent studies on the Lyme disease spirochete's networks of regulatory pathways. The volume highlights and describes in detail the tremendous advances in understanding of the Borrelia genus at the molecular and cellular levels as well as the pathogenesis of Lyme disease and relapsing fever. This comprehensive volume is indispensable for anyone involved in Borrelia and Lyme disease research and is highly recommended for microbiologists, immunologists, and physicians with an interest in spirochetes, vector-borne illness, or emerging infectious diseases. The book is a recommended reference volume for all microbiology libraries.
Author: Sarah Irène Bonnet Publisher: Frontiers Media SA ISBN: 2889455424 Category : Languages : en Pages : 543
Book Description
Besides causing direct damage associated with blood feeding and in some cases through the excretion of toxins with their saliva, the main relevance of ticks lies in the wide variety of pathogens that they can transmit, including viruses, bacteria, protozoa and helminths. Owing to socioeconomic and environmental changes, tick distribution is changing with incursions of ticks and tick-borne diseases occurring in different regions of the world when the widespread deployment of chemical acaricides and repellents has led to the selection of resistance in multiple populations of ticks. New approaches that are environmentally sustainable and that provide broad protection against current and future tick-borne pathogen (TBP) are thus urgently needed. Such development, however, requires improved understanding of factors resulting in vector competence and tick-host-pathogen interactions. This Research Topic provides an overview of known molecular tick-host-pathogen interactions for a number of TBPs and highlights how this knowledge can contribute to novel control and prevention strategies for tick-borne diseases.
Author: Publisher: IOS Press ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 6097
Author: Felipe C. Cabello Publisher: IOS Press ISBN: 1586036653 Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 426
Book Description
Diseases produced by spirochetes, including Lyme borreliosis, syphilis and leptospirosis, are on the rise worldwide. This volume focuses on a series of state-of-the-art presentations of the research taking place in the laboratories of the contributors, and serves as an introduction to those individuals entering in the field of spirochete research.
Author: Maiara Santos Severo
Author: Maiara Santos Severo
Author: Jessica Brown
Author: Institute of Medicine
Author: Ala E. Tabor
Author: Justin D Radolf
Author: Kenneth Wilson
Author: Ulrike G. Munderloh
Author: Sarah Irène Bonnet
Author: 
Author: Felipe C. Cabello